Download or read book Morphological and Genetic Variation Within Perennial Ryegrass Lolium Perenne L written by Jianyang Liu and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Research has extensively showed that pastures with complex composition can increase production in some situations. However, there is a general lack of information on the role of within species (intra-specific) diversity and its contribution to the ecological functionality of a community. This research used perennial ryegrass as a model plant to (i) quantify within- and between-cultivar variation of L. perenne cultivar blend BG34 on the basis of several morphological characteristics and forage yield; (ii) investigate the responses of relative yield and production components of individual genotype, and how this was affected by the treatments of genotype and defoliation; and (iv) evaluate the suitability of SSR (simple sequence repeats) and ISSR (inter simple sequence repeats) markers to differentiate the cultivars of L. perenne that comprise BG34 and investigate the genetic structure of pastures sown with BG34 ryegrass from dairy fields in Ohio. With 100 potted plants of the four cultivars investigated, within-cultivar variation accounted for 73-97 % of the total variation for the morphological traits (i.e. height, tiller number, erectness, leaf width and yield), and 13.4 to 89.9% of the variation could be attributed to genetic variation. A genotype treatment by defoliation treatment experiment was established with cloned plants of eight genotypes, which had different production and tillering potentials, it was found that plot production was linearly related to genotype diversity, and mixtures had significantly greater yield than monoculture on average. Frequent (3-wk) defoliation reduced grass yield by 12.7%, while the 60 mm height clipping reduced grass yield by 14.3%. In general, large genotypes were favored in mixtures and small genotypes were at disadvantage. With both SSR and ISSR markers, individuals of BG34 were correctly allocated to lines and cultivars with 80.9-86.7% accuracy. There were distinct differences between cultivars, suggesting the suitability of the marker systems in identification of L. perenne cultivars. Divergent changes in the proportions of the respective cultivar of BG34 were found on the three 5-year old fields in Ohio.
Download or read book Molecular Marker Analysis of Perennial Ryegrass Lolium Perenne L Genetic Diversity Analysis Linkage Map Construction and Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping written by Kathryn Guthridge and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter Seven then describes the identification of QTL for morphological traits, water soluble carbohydrate content and photosynthetic traits as a first step towards the ulitisation marker assisted selection (MAS) for the improvement of drought tolerance in perennial ryegrass.
Download or read book Molecular Evolution of the Genus Lolium L written by Kornelia Polok and published by Kornelia Polok. This book was released on 2007 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multivariate characterization of genetic diversity in collection of perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne L ecotypes clones and cultivars written by Elżbieta Kochańska-Czembor and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Breeding in a World of Scarcity written by Isabel Roldán-Ruiz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-13 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes papers presented at the 2015 meeting of the Fodder Crops and Amenity Grasses Section of Eucarpia. The theme of the meeting “Breeding in a world of scarcity” was elaborated in four sessions: (1) scarcity of natural resources, (2) scarcity of breeders, (3) scarcity of land and (4) scarcity of focus. Parts I to IV of this book correspond to these four sessions. Session 1 refers to the consequences of climate change, reduced access to natural resources and declining freedom in using them. Plant breeding may help by developing varieties with a more efficient use of water and nutrients and a better tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Session 2 refers to the shrinking number of field breeders. There is a need for a mutual empathy between field- and lab-oriented breeding activities, integrating new methods of phenotyping and genotyping. Session 3 underscores the optimal use of agricultural land. Forage needs to be intensively produced in a sustainable way, meeting the energy, protein and health requirements of livestock. Well-adapted varieties, species and mixtures of grasses and legumes are needed. Session 4 refers to the fading of focus in primary production triggered by a range of societal demands. There are few farmers left and they are asked to meet many consumer demands. Both large-scale, multi-purpose species and varieties and specialized niche crops are required. Part V summarizes the conclusions of two open debates, two working group meetings and two workshops held during the conference. The debates were devoted to the future of grass and fodder crop breeding, and to feed quality breeding and testing. The conference hosted meetings of the working groups “Multisite rust evaluation” and “Festulolium”. Workshops focused on “genomic selection and association mapping” and on “phenotyping” with applications in practical breeding research. Part V contains also short sketches of breeding ideas presented as short communications.
Download or read book Morphogenetic Engineering written by René Doursat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-13 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Generally, spontaneous pattern formation phenomena are random and repetitive, whereas elaborate devices are the deterministic product of human design. Yet, biological organisms and collective insect constructions are exceptional examples of complex systems that are both self-organized and architectural. This book is the first initiative of its kind toward establishing a new field of research, Morphogenetic Engineering, to explore the modeling and implementation of “self-architecturing” systems. Particular emphasis is placed on the programmability and computational abilities of self-organization, properties that are often underappreciated in complex systems science—while, conversely, the benefits of self-organization are often underappreciated in engineering methodologies. Altogether, the aim of this work is to provide a framework for and examples of a larger class of “self-architecturing” systems, while addressing fundamental questions such as br” How do biological organisms carry out morphogenetic tasks so reliably? br” Can we extrapolate their self-formation capabilities to engineered systems?br” Can physical systems be endowed with information (or informational systems be embedded in physics) so as to create autonomous morphologies and functions?br” What are the core principles and best practices for the design and engineering of such morphogenetic systems?
Download or read book Morphological Physiological and Molecular Responses in Perennial Ryegrass Lolium Perenne L Subjected to Varying Levels of Defoliation Severity written by Julia Muriel Lee and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Breeding of Forage Crops written by German Spangenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forage plant breeding has entered the genome era. This timely book reviews the latest advances in the development and application of molecular technologies which supplement conventional breeding efforts for our major forage crops. It describes the plethora of new technologies and tools now available for high-throughput gene discovery, genome-wide gene expression analysis, production of transgenic plants, genome analysis and marker-assisted selection as applied to forage plants. Detailed accounts are presented of current and future opportunities for innovative applications of these molecular tools and technologies in the identification, functional characterisation, and use of valuable genes in forage production systems and beyond. This book represents a valuable resource for plant breeders, geneticists, and molecular biologists, and will be of particular relevance to advanced undergraduates, postgraduates, and researchers with an interest in forage legumes and grasses.
Download or read book Molecular Breeding of Forage and Turf written by Andrew Hopkins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forage and turf are the backbone of sustainable agriculture and contribute extensively to the world economy. The fast-paced advancement of cellular and molecular biology provides novel methods to accelerate or complement conventional breeding efforts. This book contains the most comprehensive reviews on the latest development in applications of molecular techniques for the improvement of forage grasses, forage legumes and turf grasses. Detailed accounts and future opportunities in molecular breeding of forage and turf, from gene discovery to development of improved cultivars, are described in the book. Almost all relevant areas are explored in detail, including tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses; flowering control; plant-symbiont relations; breeding for animal, human and environmental welfare; molecular markers; transgenics; bioinformatics; population genetics; genomics of the model legume M. truncatula; field testing and risk assessment as well as intellectual property rights. This book will be of interest to researchers in both academia and industry who are involved in forage and turf improvement. It will be especially important to breeders, molecular biologists, geneticists, physiologists and agronomists.
Download or read book Genetics Genomics and Breeding of Forage Crops written by Hongwei Cai and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forage crops include several species of grasses and legumes that are widely used as animal fodder in the form of hay, pasturage and silage, as well as for turf and erosion control. Some forage grasses are also being considered for bio-energy generation. In this book leading researchers review the latest advances in molecular genetics and genomics; they also examine the success of breeding programs for forage grasses and legume species. The book will be useful for students and young researchers with an interest in forage, turf and bio-energy crops improvements.
Download or read book Plant Breeding Reviews Volume 42 written by Irwin Goldman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-12-11 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. Many of the crops widely grown today stem from a very narrow genetic base; understanding and preserving crop genetic resources is vital to the security of food systems worldwide. The emphasis of the series is on methodology, a fundamental understanding of crop genetics, and applications to major crops.
Download or read book Issues in Applied Agriculture 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-06-20 with total page 1165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Applied Agriculture / 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Grape and Wine Research. The editors have built Issues in Applied Agriculture: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Grape and Wine Research in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Applied Agriculture: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Grasslands written by Stephen Reynolds and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-05-14 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at significant current grassland problems and issues, and provides an insight into grassland productivity in diverse areas of the world, with their various production systems. There is a focus on recent technical advances and the prospects for further innovation, through twenty-one chapters by eminent grassland scientists, grouped i
Download or read book Molecular breeding for the genetic improvement of forage crops and turf written by M. Humphreys and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-08-28 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grassland covers 26% of the world’s total land area. It produces feed for livestock; maintains soil fertility; protects and conserves soil and water resources; creates a habitat for wildlife; provides recreational space for sport and leisure and contributes to the general landscape. This book provides an up-to-date account of progress and potential in the genetic improvement of grassland to meet all needs. It encompasses work on a wide range of temperate and tropical grassland species (including grasses, clovers and other forage legumes) and will interest all those concerned with grassland use in livestock-based agriculture, recreation, environmental protection, bio-industry etc. Specifically, it demonstrates how recent advances in molecular techniques are being used to develop breeding objectives and strategies with key-note papers on: Objectives and benefits of molecular breeding, Linkage/physical mapping and map-based cloning, QTL analysis and trait dissection, Genomics, model species, gene discovery and functional analysis, Use of molecular markers and bioinformatics for breeding, Molecular genetics and breeding of endosymbiont and grass/legume associations, Transgenics, Genetic diversity, breeding systems and resources Future directions for research and breeding. State-of-the-art molecular techniques and resources are described that encompass a unique range of expertise in genetic mapping, trait dissection, comparative genomics, bioinformatics, gene discovery and risk assessment. Examples of work in progress or recently completed are provided from across the world. The book has broad educational value and will interest plant geneticists and breeders as well as grassland users and policy makers.
Download or read book Sustainable use of Genetic Diversity in Forage and Turf Breeding written by Christian Huyghe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-10 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grassland produces feed for livestock, improves soil fertility and structure, protects water resources and may contribute to climate change mitigation through carbon storage and to biodiversity preservation. It simultaneously maintains sustainable economic outputs for farmers and provides ecosystem services. Turf similarly c- siderably contributes to our environment by adding beauty to our surroundings, providing a safe playing surface for sports and recreation. The species diversity present in most grasslands and turfs is a functional div- sity contributing to the previously mentioned agronomic and environmental bene?ts. The species belong to different functional groups and the adequate species com- sition may maximise the agronomic performance through a higher production and a better quality and the environmental bene?ts through symbiotic nitrogen ?xation or sources of pollen and nectar to pollinators. In a given grassland or turf, the genetic diversity available in each variety contributes to this economic and environmental performance, but also to the stability of these performances including the stability of the resistance against pathogens and pests. Natural grasslands share many species with the sown swards. They may be regarded as favourable sites for in situ preservation of genetic diversity as well as valuable sources of diversity for breeding.
Download or read book Genetics and Breeding for Productivity Traits in Forage and Bioenergy Grasses written by John W. Forster and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-03-20 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Genetics and Breeding for Productivity Traits in Forage and Bioenergy Grasses" that was published in Agronomy
