Download or read book Monitoring Targeting Performance when Decentralized Allocations to the Poor are Unobserved written by Martin Ravallion and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monitoring Targeting Performance When Decentralized Allocations to the Poor are Unobserved written by Martin Ravallion and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Program funding and design choices by the central government can greatly affect the targeting performance of decentralized social programs. The allocation to a province should depend on how successful it is at reaching the poor with the extra resources, rather than how poor it is. New measurement tools can help monitor performance with limited data.National antipoverty programs often rely heavily on provincial governments. The center targets poor provinces in the hope that they will reach their own poor. Without successful intraprovincial targeting, however, even dramatic redistribution from rich to poor provinces can have little impact on poverty nationally.However, data for assessing performance at provincial level are often far from ideal. Can a centralized government monitor the performance of decentralized social programs in reaching the poor when their benefit incidence is unobserved?Ravallion shows that the poverty map and the corresponding spending allocation across geographic areas allow one to identify the latent differences in mean allocations to the poor versus the nonpoor. The national measure of targeting performance is also subgroup-decomposable.Ravallion uses an application to an antipoverty program in Argentina (Trabajar II) to assess performance in reaching the poor and to measure the relative contributions to the program's performance - before and after reforms - of the center's provincial reallocation and decentralized targeting.Funding and program design changes led to large gains for the poor, although with diverse performance across provinces.Program funding and design choices by the central government can greatly affect the targeting performance of decentralized social programs. The allocation to a province should depend on how successful it is at reaching the poor with the extra resources, rather than how poor it is.Design choices should provide incentives for provincial governments to target resources to the poor. Finding feasible ways to monitor their performance and adjust central government's efforts accordingly are then crucial to better outcomes for poor people.This paper - a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to provide better tools for monitoring the impact on poverty of World Bank projects. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under research project Policies for Poor Areas (RPO 681-39).
Download or read book Spatial Inequality and Development written by Ravi Kanbur and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2005-02-03 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What exactly is spatial inequality? Why does it matter? And what should be the policy response to it? These questions have become important in recent years as the spatial dimensions of inequality have begun to attract considerable policy interest. In China, Russia, India, Mexico, and South Africa, as well as most other developing and transition economies, spatial and regional inequality - of economic activity, incomes, and social indicators - is on the increase. Spatial inequality is a dimension of overall inequality, but it has added significance when spatial and regional divisions align with political and ethnic tensions to undermine social and political stability. Also important in the policy debate is a perceived sense that increasing internal spatial inequality is related to greater openness of economies, and to globalization in general. Despite these important concerns, there is remarkably little systematic documentation of what has happened to spatial and regional inequality over the last twenty years. Correspondingly, there is insufficient understanding of the determinants of internal spatial inequality. This volume attempts to answer the questions posed above, drawing on data from twenty-five countries from all regions of the world. They bring together perspectives and expertise in development economics and in economic geography and form a well-researched introduction to an area of growing analytical and policy importance.
Download or read book Social Protection in a Crisis written by Emanuela Galasso and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The article assesses the impact of Argentina's main social policy response to the severe economic crisis of 2002. The program was intended to provide direct income support for families with dependent sand whose head had become unemployed because of the crisis. Counter factual comparisons are based on a matched subset of applicants not yet receiving program assistance. Panel data spanning the crisis are also used. The program reduced aggregate unemployment, though it attracted as many people into the workforce from inactivity as it did people who otherwise would have been unemployed. Although there was substantial leakage to formally ineligible families and incomplete coverage of those who were eligible, the program did partially compensate many losers from the crisis and reduced extreme poverty.
Download or read book Protecting the Poor from Macroeconomic Shocks written by Francisco H. G. Ferreira and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To minimize the harmful impact on poor people of macroeconomic shock, sound policies for dealing with crises, and an adequate public safety net should be in place before a crisis starts.
Download or read book Development and Welfare Policy in South Asia written by Gabriele Koehler and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-03-05 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sheds light on social policies in six South Asian countries introduced between 2003 and 2013, examining the ways in which these policies have come about, and what this reflects about the nature of the state in each of these countries. It offers a detailed analysis of the nature of these policies introduced in recent years in Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, and illustrates the similarities and differences in policy approaches amongst the six countries. Through this analysis, the book explores the thesis of whether there is a particular type of ‘developmental welfare state’ that can be observed across South Asia. The focus is on social policies or policies designed to address poverty and deliver welfare at the level of programming and design, i.e. the stated intent of these policies. The book also presents an analysis of the fiscal space available in each of the six countries, thereby drawing conclusions about the financial feasibility of a ‘developmental welfare state’ model in the region. This comprehensive book uniquely explores critical aspects of policy debates on a possible move from welfare to ‘rights’. It introduces students and researchers in development studies, social policy and South Asian studies to innovative welfare programmes in South Asia and gives a new perspective on the nature and patterns of welfare in South Asia with the view of tackling inequality and promoting well-being.
Download or read book Health education and economic crisis written by Robert Albert Sparrow and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Risks Lessons Learned and Secondary Markets for Greenhouse Gas Reductions written by Donald F. Larson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Male female Differences in Labor Market Outcomes During the Early Transition to Market written by Peter F. Orazem and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Deregulating Technology Transfer in Agriculture written by David Gisselquist and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Free Entry in Infrastructure written by David Ehrhardt and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book What Triggers Market Jitters written by Graciela Laura Kaminsky and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Movements in stock prices in East Asia during the crisis in 1997-98 were triggered by both local and neighbor-country news. Having the highest impact was news about agreements with international organizations and credit rating agencies. But some changes seem to have been driven by herd instincts in the market itself, including overreactions to bad news. In the chaotic financial environment of East Asia in 1997-98, daily changes in stock prices of as much as 10 percent became commonplace. Kaminsky and Schmukler analyze what type of news moved the market in those days of extreme market jitters. They find that movements are triggered by both local and neighbor-country news. News about agreements with international organizations and credit rating agencies have the most weight. Some of those large changes in stock prices, however, cannot be explained by any apparent substantial news but seem to be driven by herd instincts in the market itself. On average, the one-day market rallies are sustained while the largest one-day losses are recovered - suggesting that investors overreact to bad news.
Download or read book Argentina written by Ms.Ana Corbacho and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-04-01 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using urban household surveys, we constructed a panel dataset to study the effects of the Argentine macroeconomic crisis of 1999-2002 with the aim of (1) identifying the most vulnerable households, (2) investigating whether employment in the public sector and government spending served to decrease vulnerability, and (3) understanding the mechanisms used by households to smooth the effects of the crisis. Households whose heads were male, less educated, and employed in the construction sector were more vulnerable to the crisis, experiencing larger-than-average declines in income and higher dispersion. Households whose heads were employed in the public sector were more protected from the crisis, although higher public spending did not serve to decrease their vulnerability. A significant source of vulnerability was linked to changes in employment status, and we studied the determinants of the probability of being unemployed and of becoming unemployed. Last, we found that households were unable to perfectly smooth income shocks. Given these results, there is room for broadening social safety nets, particularly in the form of public works programs.
Download or read book Attacking Poverty written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the start of each decade the World Development Report focuses on poverty reduction. The World Development Report, now in its twenty-third edition, proposes an empowerment-security-opportunity framework of action to reduce poverty in the first decades of the twenty-first century. It views poverty as a multidimensional phenonmenon arising out of complex interactions between assets, markets, and institutions. This Report shows how the experience of poverty reduction in the last fifteen years has been remarkably diverse and how this experience has provided useful lessons as well as warnings against simplistic universal policies and interventions. It shows how current global trends present extraordinary opportunities for poverty reduction but also cause extraordinary risks, including growing inequality, marginalization, and social explosions. The World Development Report 2000/2001 explores the challenge of managing these risks in order to make the most of the opportunities for poverty reduction.
Download or read book Future Inequality in CO2 Emissions and the Projected Impact of Abatement Proposals written by Mark Heil and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under business-as-usual projections to the year 2100, inequality in per capita carbon emissions is likely to decline-but slowly. Targeted reductions should be effective in reducing not only total emissions but emissions inequality. Heil and Wodon analyze inequality in future carbon emissions using a group decomposition of the Gini index. Business-as-usual projections to the year 2100 for 135 countries show inequality in per capita emissions declining, but slowly. They also measure the impact on emissions levels and inequality of the Kyoto Protocol and other abatement proposals for Annex II (non-Eastern European high income) countries in 2010, focusing on the their gap-narrowing and reranking effects. Per capita emissions of Annex II and non-Annex II countries will probably not be substantially reranked unless the Annex II countries reduce their emissions by at least half (from 1990 levels) and emissions from non-Annex II countries continue growing unabated. This paper-a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, Latin America and Caribbean Region-is part of a larger effort in the region to analyze the implications of economic growth. The author may be contacted at [email protected].
Download or read book Seasonal Hunger and Public Policies written by Shahidur R. Khandker and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-07-10 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides an exhaustive inquiry of Bangladesh s seasonal hunger with special focus on the northwest region where it is more pronounced than in other areas. It also presents an evaluation of several policy interventions launched recently in mitigating seasonality.
Download or read book Do Workfare Participants Recover Quickly from Retrenchment written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A lot can be learned about the impact of an antipoverty program by studying income replacement for those observed to leave the program after its retrenchment. A Bank-supported workfare program in Argentina is found to have a sizeable impact on participants' incomes.
