Download or read book Monitoring Grapevine Closteroviruses Associated with Leafroll Corky Bark and Rupestris Stem Pitting Diseases Using Serological and DsRNA Techniques written by Raquel Salati and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Isolation Serological Detection of Closteroviruses Associated with Grape Corky Bark and ELISA dsRNA Analysis to Monitor Grape Leafroll Elimination Procedures written by Dennis Gonsalves and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anatomical and Tissue Culture Studies of Corky bark Rupestris stem pitting and Leafroll affected Grapevines written by Hueylin Chen Tzeng and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparative Effects of Corky Bark and Rupestris Stem Pitting Diseases on Selected Germplasm Lines of Grapes written by Sergio Prudencio and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Virus Diversity in New Zealand Grapevines written by Arnaud Gérard Blouin and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant virology is being transformed by the use of high throughput sequencing (HTS) resulting in the enhancement of new virus discoveries. However, despite a consistent decrease in sequencing prices, it is still difficult to justify the cost of HTS in large-scale surveys without a virus sequence enrichment technique. Since the majority of plant viruses have an RNA genome, a common approach is to extract the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) replicative form, to enrich the virus genetic material over the host background. The traditional dsRNA extraction is time-consuming and labour-intensive. An alternative method to enrich dsRNA from plant extracts using anti-dsRNA monoclonal antibodies in a pull-down assay was therefore developed. The extracted dsRNA was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and sequenced by HTS. In the original assay three distinct plant hosts were selected: Māori potato (Solanum tuberosum), rengarenga (Arthropodium cirratum) and broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) representing a cultivated crop, a New Zealand native ornamental plant and a weed, respectively. Of the sequence data obtained, 31% to 74% of the reads were of viral origin and five viruses were identified including potato virus Y and potato virus S in potato; turnip mosaic virus in rengarenga (a new host record); and in the dock sample cherry leaf roll virus and a novel virus belonging to the genus Macluravirus. This new assay represents a significant opportunity to upscale virus ecology studies including surveys.However, for recalcitrant host, such as grapevine, the immunocapture of dsRNA did not perform as well as expected. An optimised method was developed to increase the sensitivity of virus detection in this difficult host that generally harbours viruses at only low titre. With the improved method, the yield of reads of viral origin was increased to represent up to 90%of the total sequence data.Grapevine is host to more than 70 viruses, and HTS allows regular discovery of new viruses.Most published findings are results of low-scale surveys, often triggered by unexplained symptoms. Using the developed dsRNA extraction method in conjunction with HTS, two new to science vitiviruses were detected and named grapevine virus G (GVG) and grapevine virus I (GVI). A third vitivirus resembling to grapevine virus E (GVE), a virus not previously reported in New Zealand, was also identified and named GVE-like. These three viruses are related to each other and GVG and GVE-like were detected in commercial orchards, where GVI was only present in an old germplasm. The impact of these three vitiviruses on grapevine is still unknown but some related viruses can be associated with syndromes such as Syrah disease in Australia and South Africa. The association between the vitivirus and the leafroll viruses is well documented and was observed under the New Zealand environment. This findings suggest that the management of leafroll virus from the vineyards should also control the spread of the vitiviruses. A large HTS survey to assess the virus population from different vineyard environments in New Zealand was undertaken using the optimised method for immunocapture of dsRNA from grapevines. In total, enriched dsRNA isolated from 225 grapevines across four distinct sources were sequenced and analysed. First, the background virome of the commercial vineyard was assessed from 166 Sauvignon blanc samples collected from four vineyards within two major wine regions of New Zealand. Secondly, the historical introduction of viruses into New Zealand was assessed from 19 plants collected from the New Zealand Winegrowers’ germplasm collection, the so called “low-health” block. The third source sampled 16 grapevines that had undergone a virus elimination process and were planted in the “high-health” block of the germplasm collection. Lastly, potential virus-disease correlations were assessed from 24 commercial grapevine samples collected over three years by growers across New Zealand concerned about their symptomatic vines.Overall, a total of 17 viruses were detected, four leafroll virus species (grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1, -2, -3 and -4; family Closteroviridae), grapevine rupestris stem pitting virus(GRSPaV genus Foveavirus), five fleck-like viruses (family Tymoviridae), six viruses from the genus Vitivirus (including GVE-like, GVG and GVI; family Betaflexiviridae), as well as grapevine gemini virus A, a DNA virus (a new-to-New Zealand report). As expected the virus profiles diverged greatly between environments with an average viral load ranging from almost one virus detection per commercial Sauvignon blanc plant to 4.6 virus detections per low-health germplasm plant. A high incidence of the fleck-like viruses (mostly grapevine syrah virus 1)and GRSPaV forms the background virome of commercial vineyards; leafroll viruses and vitiviruses were preponderant in the low-health germplasm. No viruses could be associated directly with the disease symptoms reported from the fourth group. The novel virus survey approach using antibody enrichment of viral genomes followed by HTS was validated on 16 samples using small RNA HTS. This survey, the largest of its kind to date, was only made possible with the efficient dsRNA enrichment tool developed. By assessing grapevines from different environments, this study, provides a snapshot of the virome of a country’s vineyards.
Download or read book Master s Theses Directories written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".
Download or read book Grapevine Viruses Molecular Biology Diagnostics and Management written by Baozhong Meng and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The domestication of grapes dates back five thousand years ago and has spread to nearly all continents. In recent years, grape acreage has increased dramatically in new regions, including the United States of America, Chile, Asia (China and India), and Turkey. A major limiting factor to the sustained production of premium grapes and wines is infections by viruses. The advent of powerful molecular and metagenomics technologies, such as molecular cloning and next generation sequencing, allowed the discovery of new viruses from grapes. To date, grapevine is susceptible to 64 viruses that belong to highly diverse taxonomic groups. The most damaging diseases include: (1) infectious degeneration; (2) leafroll disease complex; and (3) rugose wood complex. Recently, two new disease syndromes have been recognized: Syrah decline and red blotch. Losses due to fanleaf degeneration are estimated at $1 billion annually in France alone. Other diseases including leafroll, rugose wood, Syrah de cline and red blotch can result in total crop loss several years post-infection. This situation is further exacerbated by mixed infections with multiple viruses and other biotic as well as adverse abiotic environmental conditions, such as drought and winter damage, causing even greater destruction. The book builds upon the last handbook (written over twenty years ago) on the part of diagnostics and extensively expands its scope by inclusion of molecular biology aspects of select viruses that are widespread and economically most important. This includes most current information on the biology, transmission, genome replication, transcription, subcellular localization, as well as virus-host interactions. It also touches on several novel areas of scientific inquiry. It also contains suggested directions for future research in the field of grapevine virology.
Download or read book Graft transmissible Diseases of Grapevines written by International Council for the Study of Viruses and Virus Diseases of the Grapevine and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1993 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Filamentous Viruses of Woody Plants written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Protocols for Micropropagation of Woody Trees and Fruits written by S.Mohan Jain and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-18 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Micropropagation has become a reliable and routine approach for large-scale rapid plant multiplication, which is based on plant cell, tissue and organ culture on well defined tissue culture media under aseptic conditions. A lot of research efforts are being made to develop and refine micropropagation methods and culture media for large-scale plant multiplication of several number of plant species. However, many forest and fruit tree species still remain recalcitrant to in vitro culture and require highly specific culture conditions for plant growth and development. The recent challenges on plant cell cycle regulation and the presented potential molecular mechanisms of recalcitrance are providing excellent background for understanding on totipotency and what is more development of micropropagation protocols. For large-scale in vitro plant production the important attributes are the quality, cost effectiveness, maintenance of genetic fidelity, and long-term storage. The need for appropriate in vitro plant regeneration methods for woody plants, including both forest and fruit trees, is still overwhelming in order to overcome problems facing micropropagation such as somaclonal variation, recalcitrant rooting, hyperhydricity, polyphenols, loss of material during hardening and quality of plant material. Moreover, micropropagation may be utilized, in basic research, in production of virus-free planting material, cryopreservation of endangered and elite woody species, applications in tree breeding and reforestation.
Download or read book Plant Pathology written by Christophe Lacomme and published by Humana. This book was released on 2015-05-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Plant Pathology: Techniques and Protocols covers diagnostic methods that are currently used in laboratories for a broad range of plant species and matrixes. These include serological and molecular methods that have one or more of the following characteristics: suitability for high-throughput testing, detection of a group of pathogens or of sometimes uncharacterized pathogens, detection and identification of specific pathogens, and high sensitivity. This volume discusses qualitative and quantitative tests, as well as recently developed diagnostic methods. It also provides background information on many pathogens, which are either endemic, non-endemic, or emerging and with different lifecycles that cause diseases of significant importance in a wide variety of hosts. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, background information on pathogens and the disease caused, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Informative and cutting-edge, Plant Pathology: Techniques and Protocols, Second Edition is the perfect book for plant pathologists and molecular biologists who will use this information to test out the latest research in their laboratories.
Download or read book Pathogen and Microbial Contamination Management in Micropropagation written by Alan C. Cassells and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based mainly on invited and offered papers presented at the Second International Symposium on Bacterial and Bacteria-like Contaminants of Plant Tissue Cultures held at University College, Cork, Ireland in September 1996, with additional invited papers. The First International Symposium on Bacterial and Bacteria-like Contaminants of Plant Tissue Cultures was held at the same venue in 1987 and was published as Acta Horticulturae volume 225, 1988. In the intervening years there have been considerable advances in both plant disease diagnostics and in the development of structured approaches to the management of disease and microbial contamination in micropropagation. These approaches have centred on attempts to separate, spatially, the problems of disease transmission and laboratory contamination. Disease-control is best achieved by establishing pathogen-free cultures while laboratory contamination is based on subsequent good working practice. Control of losses due to pathogens and microbial contamination in vitro addresses, arguably, the most importance causes of losses in the industry; nevertheless, losses at and post establishment can also be considerable due to poor quality microplants or micro-shoots. In this symposium, a holistic approach to pathogen and microbial contamination control is evident with the recognition that micropropagators must address pathogen and microbial contamination in vitro, and diseases and microplant failure at establishment. There is increasing interest in establishing beneficial bacterial and mycorrhizal association with microplants in vitro and in vivo.
Download or read book Characterization of Plant Viruses written by Alangar Ishwara Bhat and published by Humana. This book was released on 2021-03-20 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides detailed information on methodologies used in biological, serological and nucleic acid based assays for the detection, diagnosis and management of plant viruses. The content is divided into six main parts, the first of which presents techniques used in the biological characterization and transmission of viruses, while Part II covers purification and techniques concerning the physico-chemical properties of viruses. In turn, Part III focuses on in vitro expression, production of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies; and on various serological assays including precipitin tests, ELISA, blot immunoassays, immunosorbent electron microscopy and lateral flow immunoassays. Part IV addresses the isolation of DNA and RNA from plants and nucleic acid based assays such as dot-blot, polymerase chain reaction, real-time PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, rolling circle amplification, recombinase polymerase amplification, and next-generation sequencing approaches. Part V discusses cloning, sequencing, sequence analysis and the production of infectious clones, while the last part (Part VI) provides biotechnological approaches for the management of viruses. Given its scope, the book will be a valuable resource for every laboratory, student and teacher, and for everyone interested in plant virology, plant pathology, plant biology and molecular biology, offering them a practical manual on various aspects of plant viruses.
Download or read book Control of Plant Virus Diseases written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-01-12 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first review series in virology and published since 1953, Advances in Virus Research covers a diverse range of in-depth reviews, providing a valuable overview of the field. The series of eclectic volumes are valuable resources to virologists, microbiologists, immunologists, molecular biologists, pathologists, and plant researchers. Volume 91 features articles on control of plant virus diseases. Contributions from leading authorities Comprehensive reviews for general and specialist use First and longest-running review series in virology
Download or read book 12th Meeting of the International Council for the Study Viruses and Virus like Diseases of the Grapevine ICVG 28th September 2nd October 1997 Lisbon Portugal written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Wine Microbiology written by Alfonso V. Carrascosa Santiago and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-05-23 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Wine Microbiology features rigorous scientific content written at a level comprehensible for wine professionals as well as advanced students. It includes information on production and spoilage issues, the microbial groups relevant for wine production and microbial wine safety. Microbiology has long been recognized as a key tool in studying wine production, however only recently have wine microbiology studies been addressed at a molecular level, increasing the understanding of how microbiology impacts not only the flavor quality of the wine, but also its safety. Understanding, at a molecular level, how a starter culture can impact ethanol, glycerol, volatile phenols, mannoproteins, biogenic amines or ochratoxin A of a wine are just some of the core points that must be considered in order to achieve maximium consumer acceptability while addressing safety concerns during processing and storage. While other books offer insights into the technological aspects of enology, this book is written by expert microbiologists, who explore the positive and negative impacts of gene function in the production of wine, from a microbiological point of view. Winner of the 2012 Jury Award in Enology from the International Organisation of Vine and Wine Presents the most current methods of studying the microbiology of wine Includes latest identification and typing methods, reducing identification time from days and weeks to minutes and hours Provides important knowledge about the impact of microbiological factors at the molecular level for reduction of wine spoilage and increased wine quality and safety
Download or read book Plant Virus and Viroid Diseases in the Tropics written by K. Subramanya Sastry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-26 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant virus and sub-viral pathogens pose severe constraints to the production of wide range of economically important crops worldwide. The crops raised both through true seed and vegetative propagated materials are affected with number of virus and virus-like diseases. The virus may enter into plants through seed planting materials or by vectors. Once the virus is in the field, it multiplies and spreads following definite patterns depending upon the nature of the vector and agro-meteorological conditions. Disease free crops and plants are great economic and social importance in feeding the world's population. Detection of virus and sub-viral agents at initial stages of infection is critical to reduce economic losses. For nearly two decades, ELISA and its variants played a major role in large scale virus testing and also in the production of virus-free planting materials.
