Download or read book Molecular Epidemiology of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Type Asia 1 written by C. B. Gurumurthy and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Foot and Mouth Disease Virus written by B. W. J. Mahy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-10-28 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has been recognized in printed records dating from the sixteenth century, and since the eradication of rinderpest (cattle plague) in the early part of the twentieth century it has been rec- nized as the most important and feared disease of cattle and other dom- tic livestock. The beginning of the twenty-first century brought the worst outbreak of FMD ever experienced in England, which had been completely free of the disease for 33 years. This tragic epidemic, which spread to Northern Ireland, Scotland, France and the Netherlands with severe e- nomic consequences, emphasized the need for further research into better methods for the detection and control of the disease. FMD is caused by a small RNA virus which is highly contagious and can survive in meat and other animal products for long periods at normal pH levels. The virus typically infects cloven-hoofed animals, including c- tle, goats, pigs and sheep, as well as a wide range of non-domesticated a- mals in regions of the world where FMD virus is endemic, such as the Af- can continent. There are seven recognized serotypes of FMD virus, with numerous subtypes, and as a consequence vaccine production and administration is complex and a major debate surrounds every disease outbreak regarding the relative merits of vaccination as opposed to the slaughter of all infected animals.
Download or read book The Carrier Problem written by K. C. Paul and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Epidemiology of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Subtype A 22 written by Baibaswata Nayak and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Foot and Mouth Disease written by D.J. Rowlands and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2003-01-24 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV), the cause of these dramatic consequences, is one of the smallest animal viruses, yet is often quoted as being the most infectious agent known. This book, for the first time, presents the story of FMDV as written by world experts on the virus. Initial chapters describe the structure of the virus and what is known of the molecular mechanisms that enable it to replicate faster than any other known animal virus. Anti-FMD vaccines are made in vast quantities and can be extremely effective for disease control. However, the ability of the virus to change rapidly is a constant headache for vaccine manufacturers. Both vaccine production and virus evolution are reviewed comprehensively. In addition to vaccination, disease control requires accurate and sensitive diagnostic procedures and effective hygiene measures. Modern molecular epidemiology and the measures available for infection control are described in further chapters." "Finally, the role of wildlife in the spread and maintenance of FMD is discussed."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Vertical File on South Dakota description and Travel written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Guide to Clinical Management and Public Health Response for Hand Foot and Mouth Disease HFMD written by WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease caused by a group of enteroviruses, including coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) and enterovirus 71 (EV71). Over the last decade, many outbreaks of HFMD have been reported in countries of the Western Pacific Region. HFMD caused by EV71 is of particular concern because of the increased number of deaths associated with infection. Until now, there has been little guidance on HFMD caused by EV71. This publication provides practical support for the treatment, prevention and control of HFMD based on the most recent scientific literature and the current understanding and experiences of international experts. It is intended as a resource for both clinicians working with HFMD cases on a regular basis and for public health personnel who are responsible for preventing and responding to outbreaks of HFMD.
Download or read book Rinderpest and Peste des Petits Ruminants written by William P. Taylor and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-11-15 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rinderpest and Peste des Petits Ruminants tells the story of how, by the year 2010, scientists are set to globally eradicate one of the great historic plagues that has ravaged human livestock for centuries. Descriptions of the disease in Europe date back to the 4th century and it was regularly re-introduced following wars and other civil unrest until late in the 19th century. It was introduced with devastating effect into Africa towards the end of the 19th century and is now widespread across sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and Southern Asia. Its causative agent, rinderpest virus, a morbillivirus very closely related to human measles virus, decimates the cattle population along with those of other susceptible domestic ruminants and many wildlife species wherever it is present. The history of Rinderpest including the history of vaccines and vaccination Details other Morbillaviruses Epidemiology and transmission of Rinderpest
Download or read book Viruses and Human Disease written by Ellen G. Strauss and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-09-21 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely revised and updated, the new edition of this groundbreaking text integrates basic virology with pathophysiological conditions to examine the connection between virology and human disease. Most virology textbooks focus on the molecular biology involved without adequate reference to physiology. This text focuses on viruses that infect humans, domestic animals and vertebrates and is based on extensive course notes from James Strauss’ virology class at the California Institute of Technology taught for over 30 years. Expertly depicting in color the molecular structure and replication of each virus, it provides an excellent overview for students and professionals interested in viruses as agents of human disease. Includes over 30% new material - virtually all of the figures and tables have been redrawn to include the latest information and the text has been extensively rewritten to include the most up-to-date information Includes a new chapter on emerging and reemerging viral diseases such as avian flu, SARS, the spread of West Nile virus across America, and the continuing spread of Nipah virus in Southeast Asia Further reading sections at the end of each chapter make it easy find key references World maps depicting the current distribution of existing and newly emerging viruses are also incorporated into the text
Download or read book Vesicular Diseases written by United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Epidemiology of Communicable and Non Communicable Diseases written by Fyson Kasenga and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-11-09 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human sufferings, including deaths, can be reduced or avoided by applying routine principles of hygiene in individuals' lives. Some hygiene routines are purely simple remedies, which are inexpensive, affordable, acceptable and easily accessible. It is evident that change is first enacted from within the mindset of an individual, then transmitted to families, groups and communities, and eventually the mindset of a nation can change creating an environment which is better for everybody to live in. This book contains chapters discussing conditions or diseases that may not be common in the readers' area. Caution as such may never be underestimated considering the fact that we are living in a global village where one can never say 'this does not occur in my area' but rather question, does this occur in my community, why does it occur, who is affected, where and when does it occur and what can be done about it? These questions constitute what epidemiology is all about, and their precise and comprehensive answers can transform lives and help us have the right perceptions for the health challenges we face and accept the possibility of dealing with them directly.
Download or read book Molecular Epidemiology of and Vaccine Development Against Foot And Mouth Disease Virus in Hong Kong written by Kin-Hi Raymond Hui and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Molecular Epidemiology of and Vaccine Development Against Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus in Hong Kong" by Kin-hi, Raymond, Hui, 許建熙, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF AND VACCINE DEVELOPMENT AGAINST FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS IN HONG KONG Submitted by Raymond Kin-hi Hui for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in December 2004 Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an endemic viral infectious disease in the Hong Kong porcine industry. This disease is caused by the Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and disease outbreak causes a great impact on the local agricultural economy. Vaccination is a prompt and an effective measure to prevent the disease. To develop a specific vaccine against local strains of virus, epidemiology of the disease was first studied by nucleotide sequence analysis of the G-H loop in the VP1 region of the viral genome. Among 1056 samples collected from 42 local pig farms during the past four years, 109 were positive for the disease. Sequence data reveal that viruses isolated in Hong Kong belong to the Cathay topotype showing that the virus is introduced from neighboring Asian countries. The non-synonymous and the total substitution rates of -2 -3 FMDV circulating in Hong Kong were 1.26 10 and 4.83 10 substitutions/nucleotide/year respectively. Linear regression analysis estimates that the virus was introduced to Hong Kong between 1962 and 1968. Sequence data also indicate that geographical factors affect the spread of the virus, but the major causative event is most likely caused by human activities. In order to quantify FMDV precisely during vaccine development, a Sybr green real-time RT-PCR assay was developed. Sensitivity of the assay was 2.9 log units higher than that of conventional plaque assay and the dynamic detection range of the assay was at least eight orders of magnitude, and it was also capable of detecting a single copy of viral genome molecule. The assay also reflects the level of neutralizing antibody in serum samples by monitoring the virus proliferation in virus neutralization assay. Melting curve analysis of amplicons reveals that a single nucleotide change in the amplicon contributed to alternation in melting temperature by 0.5 C. This characteristic can be applied as a tool in quality control during inactivated vaccine production. The effectiveness of various vaccine candidates was investigated. In this study, vaccine candidates designed according to the local virus strain were used to immunize BALB/c mice. FMDV-specific antibodies and their neutralizing activity were evaluated with ELISA and real-time RT-PCR mediated neutralizing assay respectively. Among these candidates, Escherichia coli expressing the VP1 protein elicited the antibody titer and neutralizing activity most similar as compared to those immunized with a commercial inactivated vaccine. The same viral gene fragment immunized in form of pcDNA3.1-SP DNA plasmid and recombinant adenovirus also induced humoral responses; nevertheless, the specific antibody titer was lower than those vaccinated with bacterial expressed protein and conferred only partial neutralization in cell culture. In summary, strains of FMDV circulating in Hong Kong pig farms are localized, and therefore a specific vaccine is needed to protect the animals. Bacterial expressed VP1 protein designed according to local virus strains is a potential cost-effective vaccine candidate. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3154854 Subjects:
Download or read book Lumpy Skin Disease written by Eeva S. M. Tuppurainen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-03 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive but concise overview on the economically important emerging cattle pox virus derived Lumpy Skin Disease, including the characteristics of causative agent, description of clinical signs in cattle, pathology and histopathology, immunity, geographical distribution, epidemiology and transmission pathways, control and eradication of the disease. In addition the recent developments in vaccination, mathematical modeling and risk assessment are discussed. Lumpy Skin Disease currently spreads aggressively across the Middle and Near East. The first incursion to the European Union territory occurred in Greece in autumn 2015. The book targets clinicians and field veterinarians in Lumpy Skin Disease affected regions, veterinary authorities as well as advanced students in veterinary medicine and virology.
Download or read book Studies in Viral Ecology Volume 1 written by Christon J. Hurst and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-20 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains the ecology of viruses by examining their interactive dynamics with their hosting species (in this volume, in microbes and plants), including the types of transmission cycles that viruses have evolved encompassing principal and alternate hosts, vehicles, and vectoring species. Examining virology from an organismal biology approach and focusing on the concept that viral infections represent areas of overlap in the ecologies of the involved species, Viral Ecology is essential for students and professionals who either may be non-virologists or virologists whose previous familiarity has been very specialized.
Download or read book Portraits of Viruses written by Frank Fenner and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 1988 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Infectious Disease A Very Short Introduction written by Marta Wayne and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2015-06-25 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As doctors and biologists have learned, to their dismay, infectious disease is a moving target: new diseases emerge every year, old diseases evolve into new forms, and ecological and socioeconomic upheavals change the transmission pathways by which disease spread. By taking an approach focused on the general evolutionary and ecological dynamics of disease, this Very Short Introduction provides a general conceptual framework for thinking about disease. Ecology and evolution provide the keys to answering the 'where', 'why', 'how', and 'what' questions about any particular infectious disease: where did it come from? How is it transmitted from one person to another, and why are some individuals more susceptible than others? What biochemical, ecological, and evolutionary strategies can be used to combat the disease? Is it more effective to block transmission at the population level, or to block infection at the individual level? Through a series of case studies, Benjamin Bolker and Marta L. Wayne introduce the major ideas of infectious disease in a clear and thoughtful way, emphasising the general principles of infection, the management of outbreaks, and the evolutionary and ecological approaches that are now central to much research about infectious disease. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
Download or read book Molecular Epidemiology of and Vaccine Development Against Foot and mouth Disease Virus in Hong Kong written by Kin-hi Hui (Raymond) and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
