Download or read book Molecular and Biological Analysis of Two Rupestris Stem Pitting associated Virus RSPaV Isolates Obtained from Diseased Syrah and Pinot Noir Grapevines written by Mirtes Freitas Lima and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular and Biological Analysis of Two Rupestris Stem Pitting associated Virus RSAPaV Isolates Obtained from Diseased Syrah and Pinot Noir Grepevines written by M. F. Lima and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rupestris stem pitting disease is a graft-transmissible disorder of grapevines and one of the components of the Rugose Wood Complex (RW) Rupestris stem pitting-associated virus, which is a single-stranded positive sense polyadenylated RNA, has been associated with RSP. This virus belongs to the genus Foveavirus in the family Flexiviridae. Surveys in California vineyards revealed that some Syrah and Pinot noir vines grafted on 101-14 Mgt and 3309 C rootstocks, respectively, were performing poorly. These plants showed red canopy, stunting, bark-splitting, union swellings and stem lesions on the rootstock starting at the graft union. Analysis of double-stranded RNA patterns obtained from these declining vines revealed the presence of a dsRNA of ca. 8.7 kbp, which were the template for making cDNA libraries. Two new RSPaV isolates were found in declining Syrah (RSPaV-SY) and Pinot Noir (RSPaV-PN) grapevines. The genome sequencesof both isolates revealed six open reading frames, similar to the other RSPaV isolates that have been previously characterized. The complete nucleotide sequences of RSPaV-SY and RSPaV-PN shared percent identities from 76% to 78% with RSPaV sequences in GenBank. The replicase gene was found to be the most variable gene and the coat protein gene the most conserved in the genome. Phylogenetic analysis of partial coat protein and replicase nucleotide sequences of 26 isolates showed that RSPaV-SY and RSPaV-PN clustred independently from the majority of RSPaV isolates. Strain-specific PCR primers designed from the replicase gene for specifc detection of RSPaV-SY (SY9F/8R) or RSPaV-PN (PN1F/2R) and used in a survey of commercial vineyards indicated that SY9F/8R and PN1F/2R primers were specifo in detecting these two variants. Biological indexing on St. George, LN33 and Kober 5BB indicator hosts, showed typical RSP symptoms, pitting and/or grooving developed under the point of inoculation or around the wood cylinder of the rootstock St. George, confirming the association of these two viruses with rupestris stem pitting (RSP) disease. No Symptoms were observed on healthy controls and on LN33 and Kober 5BB rootstocks. We were also proved that RSPaV was seed-transmitted to seedlings. RSPaV was detected in intact seeds and seedlings at 18 days, 4.5 ad at 11 months after transplanting. These data indicated that RSPaV is the present in the seed and transmitted from infected mother plants to their progeny.
Download or read book Rupestris Stem Pitting of Grapevines written by Baozhong Meng and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Grapevine Viruses Molecular Biology Diagnostics and Management written by Baozhong Meng and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The domestication of grapes dates back five thousand years ago and has spread to nearly all continents. In recent years, grape acreage has increased dramatically in new regions, including the United States of America, Chile, Asia (China and India), and Turkey. A major limiting factor to the sustained production of premium grapes and wines is infections by viruses. The advent of powerful molecular and metagenomics technologies, such as molecular cloning and next generation sequencing, allowed the discovery of new viruses from grapes. To date, grapevine is susceptible to 64 viruses that belong to highly diverse taxonomic groups. The most damaging diseases include: (1) infectious degeneration; (2) leafroll disease complex; and (3) rugose wood complex. Recently, two new disease syndromes have been recognized: Syrah decline and red blotch. Losses due to fanleaf degeneration are estimated at $1 billion annually in France alone. Other diseases including leafroll, rugose wood, Syrah de cline and red blotch can result in total crop loss several years post-infection. This situation is further exacerbated by mixed infections with multiple viruses and other biotic as well as adverse abiotic environmental conditions, such as drought and winter damage, causing even greater destruction. The book builds upon the last handbook (written over twenty years ago) on the part of diagnostics and extensively expands its scope by inclusion of molecular biology aspects of select viruses that are widespread and economically most important. This includes most current information on the biology, transmission, genome replication, transcription, subcellular localization, as well as virus-host interactions. It also touches on several novel areas of scientific inquiry. It also contains suggested directions for future research in the field of grapevine virology.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of the Genetic Diversity of Grapevine Rupestris Stem Pitting associated Virus in Ontarian Vineyards and Construction of a Full length Infectious Clone written by Julia Catherine Hooker and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV; Betaflexiviridae, Foveavirus) has been associated with a number of diseases including Syrah decline. Previous findings show GRSPaV sequence variants cluster into three or more main phylogroups, regardless of geographical location. Here, the genetic diversity of GRSPaV isolates from Ontarian vineyards was analyzed using broad-spectrum primers targeting the viral polymerase coding sequence. It was hypothesized that GRSPaV variants in Ontario are diverse and GRSPaV-SY variants are involved in Syrah decline symptoms. In total, 169 cDNA clones from 21 Vitis sources were used for phylogenetic analysis. Similarly to previous reports, four major lineages were observed; GRSPaV-PN, -SG1, -SY, and -GG. Variants of the GRSPaV-SY lineage were confirmed in all 14 sources tested with SY-specific primers. Syrah cultivars expressing red canopy decline symptoms had more clones clustering with the GRSPaV-SY lineage than those without observable decline symptoms. GRSPaV clones from 8 hybrid sources mostly clustered with GRSPaV-SY, followed distantly by GRSPaV-BS. A full-length infectious cDNA clone of a GRSPaV-SY-related variant is being constructed to further investigate this relationship.
Download or read book Development of a Full Length Infectious Clone of Grapevine Rupestris Stem Pitting associated Virus Strain Syrah and GFP Tagged and VIGS Vectors for Vitis Vinifera written by Olivia Roscow and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grapevines are an important Canadian crop, yet quality, health, and yield are threatened by viral infections and coinfections with multiple viruses complicate disease associations. Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus that is widely distributed worldwide and is associated with Rupestris Stem Pitting, Syrah Decline, and Grapevine Vein Necrosis. Specifically the SY strain is associated with unhealthy vines, possibly being more pathogenic. An infectious clone can help clarify disease associations and viral biology by reproducing singular infections in virus-free plants. MGT, a clone related to SY, was constructed and a GFP-tagged version produced GFP faster and to a greater degree than the asymptomatic GG strain in Nicotiana benthamiana, as determined by Western blotting and epifluorescence microscopy. A Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) clone was also constructed for future study of grapevine genomics. These N. benthamiana experiments provide a foundation for continued work with this clone with grapevines.
Download or read book Graft transmissible Diseases of Grapevines written by International Council for the Study of Viruses and Virus Diseases of the Grapevine and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1993 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Graft transmitted Diseases of Grapevines written by LR Krake and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 1999-06-01 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For almost 40 years, Australian researchers have been part of an international group of scientists who have studied graft-transmitted disorders of the grapevine. The Australian wine and grape industries are undergoing significant expansion as is the case in some other countries. Preventing the spread of pathogens, by producing clean propagation material, and minimising the disease load on new vines, is essential for the continuing success of the industry. This book covers the characteristics of each class of graft-transmitted pathogen, their effect on vines, how they spread and strategies for their control. Eleven of the most important diseases are illustrated and described comprehensively, including information about occurrence, symptoms, detection, transmission and effect on yield and quality. Finally there is a discussion of quarantine issues and disease management. This book will be an invaluable teaching tool and is intended for vineyard managers, grape growers, consultants, extension offers and students. While it provides a basic understanding of the nature of pathogens, it will aid in field assessment and identification of the often confusing disease symptoms.
Download or read book Studies on Graft transmissible Diseases of the Grapevine Vitis Vinifera L written by Sudarsana Poojari and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A SYBR Green-based reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) combined with melting curve analysis (MCA) was developed for specific and sensitive detection of Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV-1, -2, -3, and -4), GRLaV, Grapevine virus A, Grapevine virus B, GFLV and Tomato ringspot virus in grapevines. The assay was also used successfully for detection of GLRaV-3 in grape mealybugs and GRLaV in Virginia creeper leafhoppers. This method has the potential for practical applications to study epidemiology of grapevine viruses.
Download or read book Molecular Biology and Epidemiology of Grapevine Leafroll associated Viruses written by Bhanu Priya Donda and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies were conducted on molecular biology and epidemiology of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses infecting wine grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivars in Washington State. In the first objective, the complete genome sequence of two isolates of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1, genus: Ampelovirus, family Closteroviridae ) was determined to be 18,731 and 18,946 nucleotides. The genome of GLRaV-1 isolates contain nine open reading frames with long 5' and 3' non-translated regions (NTRs). The sequence differences in the 5'NTR was used to develop a restriction fragment length polymorphism assay for distinguishing GLRaV-1 variants in vineyards. Northern blot hybridization revealed the presence of three of the eight putative 3' co-terminal subgenomic (sg) RNAs at higher levels in virus infected grapevine samples. The 5' termini of five sgRNAs were mapped and their leader sequences determined. The results provided a foundation to further elucidate the comparative molecular biology of grapevine-infecting members of the family Closteroviridae..
Download or read book Monitoring Grapevine Closteroviruses Associated with Leafroll Corky Bark and Rupestris Stem Pitting Diseases Using Serological and DsRNA Techniques written by Raquel Salati and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Grapevine Rupestris Stem Pitting associated Virus GRSPaV and Vein Necrosis written by Michele Della Bartola and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sub cellular Localization of the Grapevine Rupestris Stem Pitting associated Virus Replicase written by University of Guelph. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Etiology of rugose Wood Complex and Functional Analysis of Grapevine Virus D written by Cristina Rosa and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Double stranded RNA Isolated from Grapevine Affected by Grapevine Stem pitting Disease written by Michael H. Walter and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nucleic acid extracted from dormant cane phloem of grapevines affected by grapevine stem-pitting disease (SP) formed a high molecular weight (MW) band on 1.0% and 0.8% agarose gels. The band was unique to diseased vines. Other bands appeared from samples of both diseased and virus-free vines, but did not associate consistently with either. The nucleic acid species associated with stem-pitting-diseased vines was between 5.4 and 6.2 x 106 MW and consisted of at least some double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), as suggested by its resistance to digestion by DNase, and its green fluorescence under acridine-orange staining. Double-stranded RNA species from Geotrichum candidum (hypovirulent strain 223), Helminthosporium maydis (hypovirulent strain HM9), citrus infected with citrus tristeza virus(strain T505), and alfalfa mosaic virus-infected Ajuga reptans were used as size standards and high MW-bracketing markers. Stem-pitting-affected tissue samples were not recognized by grapevine virus "A" immunoglobulins, but the size of the SP-associated dsRNA suggests that it might represent the replicative form of an 800 nm SP-associated virus. The possibility of using dsRNA electrophoretic patterns as a quarantine screening technique is discussed.
Download or read book Isolation and Characterization of DsRNA from Grapevines Showing Symptoms of Rupestris Stem Pitting Disease and Detection of DsRNA from Uncinula Necator Schw Burr the Powdery Mildew Pathogen written by Ossmat Ibrahim Azzam and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
