Download or read book Modelling the Neural Coding of Natural Sounds in the Auditory Cortex written by Monzilur Rahman and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neural Coding and Models for Natural Sounds Recognition Effects of Temporal and Spectral Features written by Seyedeh Fatemeh Khatami Firoozabadi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mammalian brain is able to recognize natural sounds in the presence of acoustic uncertainties such as background noise. A prevailing theory of neural coding suggest that neural systems are optimized for natural environment signals and sensory inputs that are biologically relevant. The optimal coding hypothesis thus suggests that neural populations should encode sensory information so as to maximize efficient utilization of environmental inputs. In the first part of my thesis, I will explore the origins of scale invariance phenomena which has been previously described for natural sounds and has been observed in a variety of natural sensory signals including natural scenes. In the second part, I will explore the ability of the brain to utilize high-level statistical regularities in natural sounds to perform sound identification tasks. Using a catalog of natural sounds, texture synthesis procedures to manipulate sounds statistics from various sound categories, and neural recordings from the auditory midbrain of awake rabbits, I will show that neural population response statistics can be used to identify discrete sound categories. In the last part of the thesis, I will explore the role of hierarchical organization in the auditory pathway for sound recognition and optimal coding in the presence of challenging background noise. Using neural responses from auditory nerve, midbrain, and auditory cortex, I developed optimal computational neural network model for word recognition in presence of speech babble noise. I demonstrate that the optimal computational strategy for word recognition in noise predicts various transformations performed by the ascending auditory pathway, including a sequential loss of temporal and spectral resolution, increasing sparseness and selectivity.
Download or read book The Neural Code of Pitch and Harmony written by Gerald D. Langner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-23 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harmony is an integral part of our auditory environment. Resonances characterised by harmonic frequency relationships are found throughout the natural world and harmonic sounds are essential elements of speech, communication and, of course, music. Providing neurophysiological data and theories that are suitable to explain the neural code of pitch and harmony, the author demonstrates that musical pitch is a temporal phenomenon and musical harmony is a mathematical necessity based on neuronal mechanisms. Moreover, he offers new evidence for the role of an auditory time constant for speech and music perception as well as for similar neuronal processing mechanisms of auditory and brain waves. Successfully relating current neurophysiological results to the ancient ideas of Pythagoras, this unique title will appeal to specialists in the fields of neurophysiology, neuroacoustics, linguistics, behavioural biology and musicology as well as to a broader audience interested in the neural basis of music perception.
Download or read book Predictive Coding in the Auditory Cortex written by Srihita Rudraraju and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Characterization of response properties of neurons in higher-level sensory areas is not well defined. Here we show that firing rates of neurons in a secondary sensory forebrain area of songbirds can be modeled by different representations of birdsong. In this work, we modeled neurons in the caudo-medial nidopallium (NCM) of adult European starlings with three different representations of the natural birdsong called signal, prediction, and error. Prediction spectrogram was computed by training the data as a Gaussian distribution on a loss function given by the negative log likelihood, and then estimating the means and variances of the signal. Using our Maximum Noise Entropy (MNE) model, responses were predicted by the logistic function, the parameters of which are obtained from the MNE model. Predictions of neural responses were computed by using both a full MNE model, and then by only considering the linear parameters of the model. The neural responses to natural stimuli obtained using prediction and error MNEs were close to the actual response in the NCM. The concept of stimulus representations obtained from predictive coding models may be useful for modeling neural responses in higher-order sensory areas whose functions have been poorly understood.
Download or read book Temporal Processing in Primate Auditory Cortex written by Daniel Bendor and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A cornerstone of the human auditory system is its ability to recognize and appreciate music and speech. At its most basic level, music is made up of melodies and rhythms, which are the relative changes in pitch and temporal rates, respectively, for a series of musical notes. Speech is also composed of sequences of different pitches and temporal rates, however pitch changes carry prosody information (for non-tonal languages), while semantic information in contained in the temporal rate. How is an acoustic signal's temporal rate and pitch encoded in the auditory system? For my dissertation, I have investigated the neural coding of a sound's temporal properties by single neurons in the auditory cortex of the marmoset.
Download or read book Neural Encoding of Natural Sounds in the Auditory System written by Anne Showen Hsu and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Auditory Cortex written by Jeffery A. Winer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-02 with total page 711 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been substantial progress in understanding the contributions of the auditory forebrain to hearing, sound localization, communication, emotive behavior, and cognition. The Auditory Cortex covers the latest knowledge about the auditory forebrain, including the auditory cortex as well as the medial geniculate body in the thalamus. This book will cover all important aspects of the auditory forebrain organization and function, integrating the auditory thalamus and cortex into a smooth, coherent whole. Volume One covers basic auditory neuroscience. It complements The Auditory Cortex, Volume 2: Integrative Neuroscience, which takes a more applied/clinical perspective.
Download or read book Tools to Investigate Composite Receptive Fields in Songbird Auditory Region written by Nasim Winchester Vahidi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural coding is primarily concerned with characterizing the relationship between stimulus and neuronal responses and is classified to stimuli encoding and brain response decoding. Although there are existing models for neural coding, most are not sophisticated enough to describe the relationship of population of neural responses to natural stimuli such as human speech or bird songs. In this study we propose utilizing composite receptive fields (CRF) as a new tool for neural coding. CRFs are quadratic receptive fields which are built from mutual information between stimuli and related brain responses. Here we create a pool of 3080 CRFs from a population of 154 cells recorded from the brain auditory region of European starling songbirds. Following, this pool of CRFs is used to build a spatial-temporal map for the population of cells along the brain coronal plane in respect to bird song stimuli. This map has revealed novel information about the relationship between neural responses and related stimuli such as: 1) Natural sound stimuli can be encoded by populations of neurons. 2) The number of cells needed to encode the stimuli can be quantified. 3) Stimuli encoding mechanisms of the brain appeared to be uniform and independent of cells' topology and their locations. 5) From this map, connectivity between cells as well as their response plasticity to diverse stimuli were observed. 6) CRFs were used as intermediate tools to reconstruct stimuli and predict brain responses. These results have confirmed that quadratic receptive fields can be a novel candidate for population neural coding. Testing neural coding by CRFs was originally performed on cells recorded from the brain coronal depth plane. We expanded this coding method and evaluated CRFs mapping on cells recorded from two novel in-house fabricated electrodes: a surface electrode and a combination of surface and depth electrodes. The CRFs extracted from cells recorded by these electrodes can be employed to create a 2D and 3D spatial-temporal map which is useful to explore neural information distribution and their perception mechanisms from deep brain to cortical surface. Furthermore, the CRF neural coding method and the brain implants described in this study have potentials to be used in BCI prosthetics.
Download or read book Principles of Neural Coding written by Rodrigo Quian Quiroga and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-05-06 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding how populations of neurons encode information is the challenge faced by researchers in the field of neural coding. Focusing on the many mysteries and marvels of the mind has prompted a prominent team of experts in the field to put their heads together and fire up a book on the subject. Simply titled Principles of Neural Coding, this book covers the complexities of this discipline. It centers on some of the major developments in this area and presents a complete assessment of how neurons in the brain encode information. The book collaborators contribute various chapters that describe results in different systems (visual, auditory, somatosensory perception, etc.) and different species (monkeys, rats, humans, etc). Concentrating on the recording and analysis of the firing of single and multiple neurons, and the analysis and recording of other integrative measures of network activity and network states—such as local field potentials or current source densities—is the basis of the introductory chapters. Provides a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach Describes topics of interest to a wide range of researchers The book then moves forward with the description of the principles of neural coding for different functions and in different species and concludes with theoretical and modeling works describing how information processing functions are implemented. The text not only contains the most important experimental findings, but gives an overview of the main methodological aspects for studying neural coding. In addition, the book describes alternative approaches based on simulations with neural networks and in silico modeling in this highly interdisciplinary topic. It can serve as an important reference to students and professionals.
Download or read book The Human Auditory Cortex written by David Poeppel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-12 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live in a complex and dynamically changing acoustic environment. To this end, the auditory cortex of humans has developed the ability to process a remarkable amount of diverse acoustic information with apparent ease. In fact, a phylogenetic comparison of auditory systems reveals that human auditory association cortex in particular has undergone extensive changes relative to that of other species, although our knowledge of this remains incomplete. In contrast to other senses, human auditory cortex receives input that is highly pre-processed in a number of sub-cortical structures; this suggests that even primary auditory cortex already performs quite complex analyses. At the same time, much of the functional role of the various sub-areas in human auditory cortex is still relatively unknown, and a more sophisticated understanding is only now emerging through the use of contemporary electrophysiological and neuroimaging techniques. The integration of results across the various techniques signify a new era in our knowledge of how human auditory cortex forms basis for auditory experience. This volume on human auditory cortex will have two major parts. In Part A, the principal methodologies currently used to investigate human auditory cortex will be discussed. Each chapter will first outline how the methodology is used in auditory neuroscience, highlighting the challenges of obtaining data from human auditory cortex; second, each methods chapter will provide two or (at most) three brief examples of how it has been used to generate a major result about auditory processing. In Part B, the central questions for auditory processing in human auditory cortex are covered. Each chapter can draw on all the methods introduced in Part A but will focus on a major computational challenge the system has to solve. This volume will constitute an important contemporary reference work on human auditory cortex. Arguably, this will be the first and most focused book on this critical neurological structure. The combination of different methodological and experimental approaches as well as a diverse range of aspects of human auditory perception ensures that this volume will inspire novel insights and spurn future research.
Download or read book The Oscillatory Nature of Language written by Elliot Murphy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-05 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Develops a theory of how language is processed in the brain and provides a state-of-the-art review of current neuroscientific debates.
Download or read book Carry over or prediction Investigating the predictive coding model using an auditory listening task written by Nicolas Neef and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2021-02-08 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2018 in the subject Psychology - Cognition, grade: 1,0, University of Salzburg, language: English, abstract: Researches have come up with the framework, that for the fluency of our perception we fundamentally rely on top-down predictions, which occur prior to the appearance of actual external stimuli. These predictions lead to very specific modulations of our perceptual units to facilitate perception. The theory behind this framework is the predictive coding theory, which has gathered increasing interest in research. The predictive coding theory could provide a better understanding of how we cope with perceiving our complex environment. For this study focus lies on the auditory domain. A recent study, conducted by Demarchi et al. (2018), could find evidence supporting the predictive coding framework. By analyzing MEG data they could even show, that predictions are so sharply tuned, that they contain specific tonotopic information about an upcoming tone. Due to the fact, that they trained a classifier on pre-stimulus data to decode post-stimulus data, their results are confounded with a carry-over effect (activity still present from previous stimuli). The purpose of this study is supporting this study and rule the carry-over effect out as the only explanation for their findings. We therefore conducted a follow-up experiment and changed the paradigm, as we included conditions with fixed and random stimulus omissions. Since no prediction activity should be found when the omission is fixed, a higher mean decoding accuracy in the random omission condition would directly indicate towards a tone-specific prediction. In our MEG-experiment we can provide further evidence for the findings of Demarchi et al. (2018), by finding this very result.
Download or read book The Effects of Engagement and Attention on Sound Representation in Auditory Cortex written by Joshua David Downer and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The neural codes that support sensation and perception have been a subject of inquiry in neuroscience for over a century. Up until recently, studies have focused on very simple sensory systems to understand how the nervous system translates incoming sensory information into a neural code. Moreover, these foundational studies tended to ignore the effect of animals’ behavior on such codes. In the last several decades, researchers have made huge strides in understanding not only different manifestations of the neural code, but how these codes can change to suit the ongoing needs to animals. The present work represents new advances in this frontier. We record from groups of single neurons in auditory cortex while animals perform auditory detection tasks, as well as while they sit passively awake. We provide evidence that the adaptive processing of sounds involves not only the changing activity of single neurons, but also the interactions between them. These findings help advance our understanding not only of sound processing, but also of fundamental behaviors, such as carrying on a conversation in a busy restaurant, finding a friend in a crowded airport or tasting and describing the distinct features in a glass of wine. Moreover, we present a framework that can explain not only adaptive sensory processing, but which may also inform novel models of natural computation outside of the brain.
Download or read book Experience Dependent Changes in the Auditory Cortical Representation of Natural Sounds written by Frank Lin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vocal communication sounds are an important class of signals due to their role in social interaction, reproduction, and survival. The higher-order mechanisms by which our auditory system detects and discriminates these sounds to generate perception is still poorly understood. The auditory cortex is thought to play an important role in this process, and our current work provides new evidence that the auditory cortex changes its neural representation of sounds that are acquired in natural social contexts. We use a mouse ultrasonic communication system between pups and adult females to elucidate this. We record single neurons in the auditory cortex of awake mice, and assess the cortical differences between animals that either do (mothers) or do not (naïve virgins) recognize the pup ultrasounds as behaviorally relevant. We then evaluate the role that pup experience and the maternal physiological state play in this cortical plasticity. Finally, we develop a model to predict the responses to pup vocalizations as a way to segregate the diversity of cortical neuronal responses in the hope of more clearly assessing their roles in processing acoustic features. Our results demonstrate the detailed nature by which the core auditory cortex processes natural vocalizations, showing how it changes to represent behavioral relevance.
Download or read book Computational Models of the Auditory System written by Ray Meddis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-16 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Springer Handbook of Auditory Research presents a series of comprehensive and synthetic reviews of the fundamental topics in modern auditory research. The v- umes are aimed at all individuals with interests in hearing research including advanced graduate students, post-doctoral researchers, and clinical investigators. The volumes are intended to introduce new investigators to important aspects of hearing science and to help established investigators to better understand the fundamental theories and data in fields of hearing that they may not normally follow closely. Each volume presents a particular topic comprehensively, and each serves as a synthetic overview and guide to the literature. As such, the chapters present neither exhaustive data reviews nor original research that has not yet appeared in pe- reviewed journals. The volumes focus on topics that have developed a solid data and conceptual foundation rather than on those for which a literature is only beg- ning to develop. New research areas will be covered on a timely basis in the series as they begin to mature.
Download or read book Auditory Neuroscience written by Jan Schnupp and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-08-17 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrated overview of hearing and the interplay of physical, biological, and psychological processes underlying it. Every time we listen—to speech, to music, to footsteps approaching or retreating—our auditory perception is the result of a long chain of diverse and intricate processes that unfold within the source of the sound itself, in the air, in our ears, and, most of all, in our brains. Hearing is an "everyday miracle" that, despite its staggering complexity, seems effortless. This book offers an integrated account of hearing in terms of the neural processes that take place in different parts of the auditory system. Because hearing results from the interplay of so many physical, biological, and psychological processes, the book pulls together the different aspects of hearing—including acoustics, the mathematics of signal processing, the physiology of the ear and central auditory pathways, psychoacoustics, speech, and music—into a coherent whole.
Download or read book The Inferior Colliculus written by Jeffery A. Winer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-05 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Connecting the auditory brain stem to sensory, motor, and limbic systems, the inferior colliculus is a critical midbrain station for auditory processing. Winer and Schreiner's The Inferior Colliculus, a critical, comprehensive reference, presents the current knowledge of the inferior colliculus from a variety of perspectives, including anatomical, physiological, developmental, neurochemical, biophysical, neuroethological and clinical vantage points. Written by leading researchers in the field, the book is an ideal introduction to the inferior colliculus and central auditory processing for clinicians, otolaryngologists, graduate and postgraduate research workers in the auditory and other sensory-motor systems.
