Download or read book Modelling the Global Fate of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers PBDEs written by Fabian Soltermann and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Transport and Fate of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Baltic and Arctic Regions written by Anna Palm and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Transport and Fate of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Baltic and Arctic Regions written by Nordic Council of Ministers and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decades, concern has been raised regarding the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) due to its increased environmental occurrence and its possible toxicological impact in humans and wildlife. As a result, two of the commercial PBDE products have recently been banned within the EU, while the use of the third product (DecaBDE) is still approved. A dynamic, fugacity-based, regional multimedia fate and transport model (POPCYCLING-Baltic) has been used to assess the historical behaviour and the potential future fate of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), exemplifying different emission scenarios following the introduction of restricting measures. The past, current and future consumption and emission of PBDEs were estimated, and the environmental fate of individual compounds was modelled. The possible impact on the Arctic region is also discussed. Uncertainties in the estimates and data gaps were identified

Download or read book Modeling the Environmental Fate of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Lake Thun written by Markus Bläuenstein and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Application of Systematic Review Methods in an Overall Strategy for Evaluating Low Dose Toxicity from Endocrine Active Chemicals written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-08-14 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To safeguard public health, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) must keep abreast of new scientific information and emerging technologies so that it can apply them to regulatory decision-making. For decades the agency has dealt with questions about what animal-testing data to use to make predictions about human health hazards, how to perform dose-response extrapolations, how to identify and protect susceptible subpopulations, and how to address uncertainties. As alternatives to traditional toxicity testing have emerged, the agency has been faced with additional questions about how to incorporate data from such tests into its chemical assessments and whether such tests can replace some traditional testing methods. Endocrine active chemicals (EACs) have raised concerns that traditional toxicity-testing protocols might be inadequate to identify all potential hazards to human health because they have the ability to modulate normal hormone function, and small alterations in hormone concentrations, particularly during sensitive life stages, can have lasting and significant effects. To address concerns about potential human health effects from EACs at low doses, this report develops a strategy to evaluate the evidence for such low-dose effects.

Download or read book Measurement and Modeling of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers PBDEs and Polychlorinated Biphenyls PCBs in the Indoor Environment written by Xianming Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The indoor environment is a potentially dominant source of exposure for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This thesis describes a study on levels, sources, emissions, and fate of PBDEs and PCBs indoors. PBDEs and PCBs air levels in 20 indoor environments in Toronto were sampled and measured. The geometric means of PBDE (Sigma10BDE) and PCB (Sigma35PCB) concentrations were 0.072 and 7.2 ng·m-3 respectively. Statistical analysis on chemical profiles distinguished the chemical sources in the 20 environments. A multimedia indoor environmental model was applied on two test rooms. Estimated PBDE and PCB emission rates were 5.4--550 ng·h -1 and 280--5870 ng·h-1 respectively. Particle movement dominates within-room transport processes, and dust removal and air advection are the main chemical loss processes. Temperature, particle concentration and deposition velocity, and air exchange rate are the most influential parameters, which can alter source or sink behaviors of household products for the chemicals.

Download or read book Polybrominated Dyphenyl Ethers PBDEs Fate and Transport written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Assessment of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers PBDEs in Sediments and Bivalves of the U S Coastal Zone written by K. L. Kimbrough and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report represents the first national assessment of PBDEs in the U.S. coastal zone. Results suggest that they are widely distributed nationally. Several regions, including the northern Mid-Atlantic, central Gulf of Mexico, Southern California, Pacific Northwest and the Great lakes have elevated PBDE concentrations compared with other coastal regions. Furthermore, PBDE concentrations are positively correlated with human population density along the U.S. coastline. The national and regional perspectives provided herein are intended to support research, local monitoring, and to assist resource managers and policy makers tasked with making regulatory decisions about these contaminants.

Download or read book Indoor Environment written by Lidia Morawska and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-12-13 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the fundamentals of air-borne particles and settled dust in the indoor environment, this handy reference investigates: * relevant definitions and terminology, * characteristics, * sources, * sampling techniques and instrumentation, * exposure assessment, * monitoring methods. The result is a useful and comprehensive overview for chemists, physicists and biologists, postgraduate students, medical practitioners, occupational health professionals, building owners and managers, building, construction and air-conditioning engineers, architects, environmental lawyers, government and regulatory professionals.

Download or read book The Environmental Fate of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Centre of Stockholm written by Anna Palm and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-11-30 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomonitoring—a method for measuring amounts of toxic chemicals in human tissues—is a valuable tool for studying potentially harmful environmental chemicals. Biomonitoring data have been used to confirm exposures to chemicals and validate public health policies. For example, population biomonitoring data showing high blood lead concentrations resulted in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) regulatory reduction of lead in gasoline; biomonitoring data confirmed a resultant drop in blood lead concentrations. Despite recent advances, the science needed to understand the implications of the biomonitoring data for human health is still in its nascent stages. Use of the data also raises communication and ethical challenges. In response to a congressional request, EPA asked the National Research Council to address those challenges in an independent study. Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals provides a framework for improving the use of biomonitoring data including developing and using biomarkers (measures of exposure), research to improve the interpretation of data, ways to communicate findings to the public, and a review of ethical issues.

Download or read book Pentabromodiphenyl Ether as a Global POP written by Johanna Peltola and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2001 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Understanding the Long range Transport of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers written by Fiona Kin-Yao Lau and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Risk Assessment of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether PBDE and Hexabromocyclododecane HBCD in Ebro River Basin written by Stefano Betrò and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, a model for the evaluation of the environmental risk of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) for the aquatic organisms has been developed. These compounds are brominated flame retardants (BRFs) used in plastics, electronic devices, textiles and others to prevent fire. The model designed is based on a technical application of the Fuzzy Theory. In particular, three interconnected Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS) have been created through the use of the Fuzzy Toolbox in Matlab. In order to improve and make the model scientifically robust, several international experts have been questioned about different information needed to build the fuzzy system. Information from 38 questionnaires have been collected and statistically treated. The model has been tested in two case studies, using the data provided by four samples campaigns in two Ebro tributaries in north east of the Spain, the Cinca River (2002 and 2004) and the Vero River (2004 and 2005). Concentrations in biota and sediments obtained in the sample campaigns have been used directly as input for the model. Missing data for HBCD and PBDEs, as BMF factor and toxicity data have been obtained through scientific literature. In both rivers, there exists an industrial park with a widespread use and consequently discharge of flame retardants into the water body. The proposed model evaluates the risk in different points according to the industrial park position. In the Vero River, only PBDEs have been found. The risk of these compounds for the aquatic organisms before the source of pollution has been categorized as LOW (both in 2004 and 2005), with a value of 0.352 (in a range [0-1]). After the industrial park, the risk (0.62) has been considered to be mainly MODERATE in 2004, and mainly HIGH (0.78) in 2005. In Cinca River, four different samples points have been analysed, finding a HIGH risk (0.78) for HBCD in the most contaminated site (near the industrial city of Monzón). Values for PBDEs are much lower in this case study, representing LOW risk in all the analysed points. Concerning the model design, the classic procedure of the FIS has been modified with the aim to give weights or relative importance to the several environmental variables involved in the model. This new insight has been compared with the classic FIS system and has proved to be more conservative and sensitive for all the case studies. The results obtained with the proposed methodology prove that the qualitative environmental risk assessment of PBDEs and HBCD is possible through fuzzy logic. Numerical values and bibliographic data can be translated into fuzzy sets, dealing with the uncertainty and providing a final output easy to understand by the human mind (e.g. LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH risk). This information can be very useful for the decision making processes.

Download or read book Fate of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers During Wastewater Treatment Process Producing Reclaimed Water written by Kristy Siegel and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sludge was found to carry the largest mass loading at 14.2 lb/day (sum7)PBDE. Of the total mass loading of PBDEs from the WWTP, sludge is responsible for 86.7%, followed by reclaimed water and effluent (11.7% and 1.6%, respectively). The mass loading from air was negligible with less than 0.01% contribution to the total mass loading. Whereas reclaimed water overall had higher PBDE congener mean concentrations than the effluent, the independent samples t-test found no statistically significant differences between the two groups. The results of this study can be used to improve the wastewater treatment process to reduce the impact of PBDEs being released into the environment by WWTPs, and to educate the public on utilizing reclaimed water in a safe and healthy manner.

Download or read book Developmental Neurotoxicity of PBDEs Mechanisms and Implications written by Henrik Alm and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are constantly exposed to a plethora of different chemicals, the majority of which are mostly uncharacterised with respect to their biological properties. This book provides an in depth overview on known neurotoxicity mechanisms for a group of industrial chemicals known as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous environmental toxicants that have been found world-wide in a variety of biotas. This book reports and discusses the interesting and salient work published on the known and potential mechanisms behind the developmental neurotoxicity of PBDEs in the foremost used model organisms, mouse and rat.

Download or read book Child specific Exposure Factors Handbook written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: