Download or read book Applications of Activated Sludge Models written by Damir Brdjanovic and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2015-02-15 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1982 the International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control (IAWPRC), as it was then called, established a Task Group on Mathematical Modelling for Design and Operation of Activated Sludge Processes. The aim of the Task Group was to create a common platform that could be used for the future development of models for COD and N removal with a minimum of complexity. As the collaborative result of the work of several modelling groups, the Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1) was published in 1987, exactly 25 years ago. The ASM1 can be considered as the reference model, since this model triggered the general acceptance of wastewater treatment modelling, first in the research community and later on also in practice. ASM1 has become a reference for many scientific and practical projects, and has been implemented (in some cases with modifications) in most of the commercial software available for modelling and simulation of plants for N removal. The models have grown more complex over the years, from ASM1, including N removal processes, to ASM2 (and its variations) including P removal processes, and ASM3 that corrects the deficiencies of ASM1 and is based on a metabolic approach to modelling. So far, ASM1 is the most widely applied. Applications of Activated Sludge Models has been prepared in celebration of 25 years of ASM1 and in tribute to the activated sludge modelling pioneer, the late Professor G.v.R. Marrais. It consists of a dozen of practical applications for ASM models to model development, plant optimization, extension, upgrade, retrofit and troubleshooting, carried out by the members of the Delft modelling group over the last two decades.
Download or read book Guidelines for Using Activated Sludge Models written by Leiv Rieger and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2012-09-14 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical modelling of activated sludge systems is used widely for plant design, optimisation, training, controller design and research. The quality of simulation studies varies depending on the project objectives, finances and expertise available. Consideration has to be given to the model accuracy and the amount of time required carrying out a simulation study to produce the desired accuracy. Inconsistent approaches and insufficient documentation make quality assessment and comparison of simulation results difficult or almost impossible. A general framework for the application of activated sludge models is needed in order to overcome these obstacles. The genesis of the Good Modelling Practice (GMP) Task Group lies in a workshop held at the 4th IWA World Water Congress in Marrakech, Morocco where members of research groups active in wastewater treatment modelling came together to develop plans to synthesize the best practices of modellers from all over the world. The most cited protocols were included in the work, amongst others from: HSG (Hochschulgruppe), STOWA, BIOMATH and WERF. The goal of the group is to set up an internationally accepted framework to deal with the ASM type models in practice. This framework shall make modelling more straightforward and systematic to use especially for practitioners and consultants. Additionally, it shall help to define quality levels for simulation results, a procedure to assess this quality and to assist in the proper use of the models. The framework will describe a methodology for goal-oriented application of activated sludge models demonstrated by means of a concise guideline about the procedure of a simulation study and some illustrative case studies. The case studies shall give examples for the required data quality and quantity and the effort for calibration/validation with respect to a defined goal. The final report will include an extended appendix with additional information and details of methodologies. Additional features in Guidelines for Using Activated Sludge Models include a chapter on modelling industrial wastewater, an overview on the history, current practice and future of activated sludge modelling and several explanatory case studies. It can be used as an introductory book to learn about Good Modelling Practice (GMP) in activated sludge modelling and will be of special interest for process engineers who have no prior knowledge of modelling or for lecturers who need a textbook for their students. The STR can also be used as a modelling reference book and includes an extended appendix with additional information and details of methodologies. Scientific and Technical Report No. 22
Download or read book Activated Sludge Models written by The IWA Task Group on Mathematical Modelling for Design and Operation of Biological Wastewater Treatment and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2000-05-31 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been produced to give a total overview of the Activated Sludge Model (ASM) family at the start of 2000 and to give the reader easy access to the different models in their original versions. It thus presents ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3 together for the first time. Modelling of activated sludge processes has become a common part of the design and operation of wastewater treatment plants. Today models are being used in design, control, teaching and research. Contents ASM3: Introduction, Comparison of ASM1 and ASM3, ASM3: Definition of compounds in the model, ASM3: Definition of processes in the Model, ASM3: Stoichiometry, ASM3: Kinetics, Limitations of ASM3, Aspects of application of ASM3, ASM3C: A Carbon based model, Conclusion ASM 2d: Introduction, Conceptual Approach, ASM 2d, Typical Wastewater Characteristics and Kinetic and Stoichiometric Constants, Limitations, Conclusion ASM 2: Introduction, ASM 2, Typical Wastewater Characteristics and Kinetic and Stoichiometric Constants, Wastewater Characterization for Activated Sludge Processes, Calibration of the ASM 2, Model Limitations, Conclusion, Bibliography ASM 1: Introduction, Method of Model Presentation, Model Incorporating Carbon Oxidation Nitrification and Denitrification, Characterization of Wastewater and Estimation of Parameter Values, Typical Parameter Ranges, Default Values, and Effects of Environmental Factors, Assumptions, Restrictions and Constraints, Implementation of the Activated Sludge Model Scientific and Technical Report No.9
Download or read book Respirometry in Control of the Activated Sludge Process written by Henri Spanjers and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ebook only (available soon) The report describes the principles of measurement of respiration rate, the transformation of measurement data into other types of information, and the application of the obtained information in process control strategies. Some fundamental concepts on biological respiration and process control are provided to assist the reader with understanding the principles. A structured overview comprises some eighty control strategies in which respirometry plays a role. To enable the reader to consult the information sources, an extensive literature list of over 500 references in included and classified into six themes. Contents Fundamentals of Respiration Measuring Principles Measured and Deduced Variables Elementary Control Concepts Respirometry in Control of the Activated Sludge Process Summary and Perspectives. Scientific and Technical Report No.7 Also Available Respirometry in Control of the Activated Sludge Process: Benchmarking Control Strategies
Download or read book Methods for Wastewater Characterization in Activated Sludge Modelling written by Henryk Melcer and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-11-01 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical modeling is a useful tool for the design, analysis and control of wastewater treatment systems. The activated sludge process is one of the most common processes used in wastewater treatment, and therefore is a particularly important candidate for the application of mathematical models. In the 1980s, a task group organized by the International Association on Water Quality (IAWQ) developed a conceptual model of the activated sludge process, which has become an industry-wide standard for the development of computer-based activated sludge models. A recent version of the IAWQ model incorporates 19 components, 17 processes, and numerous rate and stoichiometric coefficients. It is difficult and costly to quantify all of the necessary coefficients for any given application of the model; consequently, it is important to identify the most critical wastewater and biomass components and the relevant coefficients to be quantified for the most common uses of the model. It is also important to provide guidance to potential model users on the use of default and/or estimated values for the remaining parameters.
Download or read book Dynamical Modelling Estimation in Wastewater Treatment Processes written by D. Dochain and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2001-12-01 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental quality is becoming an increasing concern in our society. In that context, waste and wastewater treatment, and more specifically biological wastewater treatment processes play an important role. In this book, we concentrate on the mathematical modelling of these processes. The main purpose is to provide the increasing number of professionals who are using models to design, optimise and control wastewater treatment processes with the necessary background for their activities of model building, selection and calibration. The book deals specifically with dynamic models because they allow us to describe the behaviour of treatment plants under the highly dynamic conditions that we want them to operate (e.g. Sequencing Batch Reactors) or we have to operate them (e.g. storm conditions, spills). Further extension is provided to new reactor systems for which partial differential equation descriptions are necessary to account for their distributed parameter nature (e.g. settlers, fixed bed reactors). The model building exercise is introduced as a step-wise activity that, in this book, starts from mass balancing principles. In many cases, different hypotheses and their corresponding models can be proposed for a particular process. It is therefore essential to be able to select from these candidate models in an objective manner. To this end, structure characterisation methods are introduced. Important sections of the book deal with the collection of high quality data using optimal experimental design, parameter estimation techniques for calibration and the on-line use of models in state and parameter estimators. Contents Dynamical Modelling Dynamical Mass Balance Model Building and Analysis Structure Characterisation (SC) Structural Identifiability Practical Identifiability and Optimal Experiment Design for Parameter Estimation (OED/PE) Estimation of Model Parameters Recursive State and Parameter Estimation Glossary Nomenclature
Download or read book Modelling and Control of Biotechnical Processes written by A. Halme and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-09 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modeling and Control of Biotechnical Processes covers the proceedings of the First International Federation of Automatic Control Workshop by the same title, held in Helsinki, Finland on August 17-19, 1982. This book is organized into seven sections encompassing 37 chapters. The opening section deals with the measurement techniques in fermentation processes and the use of automated analyzers to control microbial processes. The next sections consider the concepts of bioreactor modeling and related problems, as well as the modeling and control of biological wastewater treatment processes. Other sections discuss the economic and static optimization, the computer control of production processes, and the application of estimation and identification methods to biotechnological processes. The final sections explore the principles of real-time analysis, use of computer control in specific biotechnical production, process control design, and the modeling of adaptive control. This book is of great value to biotechnologists, biochemists, and control engineers.
Download or read book Biological Wastewater Treatment Revised and Expanded written by Carlos D.M. Filipe and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-10-15 with total page 1098 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by noted experts in the field sharing extensive academic and industrial experience, this thoroughly updated Second Edition covers commonly used and new suspended and attached growth reactors. The authors discuss combined carbon and ammonia oxidation, activated sludge, biological nutrient removal, aerobic digestion, anaerobic processes, lagoons, trickling filters, rotating biological contactors, fluidized beds, and biologically aerated filters. They integrate the principles of biochemical processes with applications in the real world-communicating approaches to the conception, design, operation, and optimization of biochemical unit operations in a comprehensive yet lucid manner.
Download or read book Activated Sludge written by Wesley Eckenfelder and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-08-04 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Process Theory Kinetics and Sludge Quality Control: Activated Sludge Process - Process Theory - Activated Sludge Separation Problems - References Activated Sludge Treatment of Municipal Wastewater U.S.A. Practice: General Approach - Clarifier Design - Aeration Tank (Reactor) Design - Appurtenance Design - Configurations - ReferencesEurope
Download or read book Modelling and Control of Biotechnological Processes written by A. Johnson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-17 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modelling and Control of Biotechnological Processes contains the proceedings of the International Federation of Automatic Control's First Symposium on Modeling and Control of Biotechnological Processes held in Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, on December 11-13, 1985. The papers explore modeling and control of biotechnological processes such as fermentation and biological wastewater treatment. This book consists of 37 chapters divided into 11 sections and begins with a discussion on the control of fermentation processes; modeling of biotechnical processes; and application of measurement and estimation techniques to biotechnology. The following sections focus on adaptive control theory, applications of adaptive control, and control and modeling of bioreactors. The reader is also introduced to measurement techniques and sensors, with emphasis on pyrolysis mass spectrometry; rapid bioelectrochemical methods; and a self-tuning controller for multiloop controlled fed-batch fermentation. The remaining sections deal with parameter identification and estimation; Kalman filtering techniques; optimization of production processes; modeling of microkinetics; and optimization theory. This monograph will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in the field of biotechnology.
Download or read book Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation of Activated Sludge Systems written by Jacek Makinia and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2020-03-02 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation of Activated Sludge Systems – Second Edition provides, from the process engineering perspective, a comprehensive and up-to-date overview regarding various aspects of the mechanistic (“white box”) modelling and simulation of advanced activated sludge systems performing biological nutrient removal. In the new edition of the book, a special focus is given to nitrogen removal and the latest developments in modelling the innovative nitrogen removal processes. Furthermore, a new section on micropollutant removal has been added. The focus of modelling has been shifting in the last years to models that can describe the performance of a whole plant (plant-wide modelling). The expanded part of this new edition introduces models describing the most important processes interrelated with the mainstream activated sludge systems as well as models describing the energy balance, operating costs and environmental impact. The complex process evaluation, including minimization of energy consumption and carbon footprint, is in line with the present and future wastewater treatment goals. By combining a general introduction and a textbook, this book serves both intermediate and more experienced model users, both researchers and practitioners, as a comprehensive guide to modelling and simulation studies. The book can be used as a supplemental material at graduate and post-graduate levels of wastewater engineering/modelling courses.
Download or read book Activated Sludge written by Wesley Eckenfelder and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-03-11 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past, industrial wastewater treatment primarily focused on the removal of BOD and suspended solids. In recent years, however, the focus has changed to aquatic toxicity, priority pollutants, and volatile organics. This required changes in how we design and operate biological treatment plants. Many existing plants must be retrofitted. New approaches to meet new requirements are discussed in detail. The authors, with a combined experience of sixty years, have presented case studies for a wide variety of industrial wastewaters including pulp and paper, food processing, chemical and pharmaceuticals, and textile wastewaters. Data interpretation and process design are developed through the use of seventeen examples. Procedures for the laboratory and pilot plant generation of process design data are presented. Emphasis is placed on meeting the many new regulations governing industrial wastewater discharges.
Download or read book Benchmarking of Control Strategies for Wastewater Treatment Plants written by Krist V. Gernaey and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2014-09-15 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wastewater treatment plants are large non-linear systems subject to large perturbations in wastewater flow rate, load and composition. Nevertheless these plants have to be operated continuously, meeting stricter and stricter regulations. Many control strategies have been proposed in the literature for improved and more efficient operation of wastewater treatment plants. Unfortunately, their evaluation and comparison – either practical or based on simulation – is difficult. This is partly due to the variability of the influent, to the complexity of the biological and biochemical phenomena and to the large range of time constants (from a few minutes to several days). The lack of standard evaluation criteria is also a tremendous disadvantage. To really enhance the acceptance of innovative control strategies, such an evaluation needs to be based on a rigorous methodology including a simulation model, plant layout, controllers, sensors, performance criteria and test procedures, i.e. a complete benchmarking protocol. This book is a Scientific and Technical Report produced by the IWA Task Group on Benchmarking of Control Strategies for Wastewater Treatment Plants. The goal of the Task Group includes developing models and simulation tools that encompass the most typical unit processes within a wastewater treatment system (primary treatment, activated sludge, sludge treatment, etc.), as well as tools that will enable the evaluation of long-term control strategies and monitoring tasks (i.e. automatic detection of sensor and process faults). Work on these extensions has been carried out by the Task Group during the past five years, and the main results are summarized in Benchmarking of Control Strategies for Wastewater Treatment Plants. Besides a description of the final version of the already well-known Benchmark Simulation Model no. 1 (BSM1), the book includes the Benchmark Simulation Model no. 1 Long-Term (BSM1_LT) – with focus on benchmarking of process monitoring tasks – and the plant-wide Benchmark Simulation Model no. 2 (BSM2). Authors: Krist V. Gernaey, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark, Ulf Jeppsson, Lund University, Sweden, Peter A. Vanrolleghem, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada and John B. Copp, Primodal Inc., Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Download or read book Modelling Simulation and Control of Urban Wastewater Systems written by Manfred Schütze and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-27 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: by Professor Poul Harremoes Environmental engineering has been a discipline dominated by empirical approaches to engineering. Historically speaking, the development of urban drainage structures was very successful on the basis of pure empiricism. Just think of the impressive structures built by the Romans long before the discipline of hydraulics came into being. The fact is that the Romans did not know much about the theories of hydraulics, which were discovered as late as the mid-1800s. However, with the Renaissance came a new era. Astronomy (Galileos) and basic physics (Newton) started the scientific revolution and in the mid-1800s Navier and Stokes developed the application of Newtons laws to hydrodynamics, and later, St. Venant the first basic physics description of the motion of water in open channels. The combination of basic physical understanding of the phenomena involved in the flow of water in pipes and the experience gained by "trial and error", the engineering approach to urban drainage improved the design and performance of the engineering drainage infrastructure. However, due to the mathematical complications of the basic equations, solutions were available only to quite simple cases of practical significance until the introduction of new principles of calculation made possible by computers and their ability to crunch numbers. Now even intricate hydraulic phenomena can be simulated with a reasonable degree of confidence that the simulations are in agreement with performance in practice, if the models are adequately calibrated with sample performance data.
Download or read book Activated Sludge Separation Problems written by Valter Tandoi and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activated Sludge Separation Problems: Theory, Control Measures, Practical Experiences, Second Edition, describes the most common activated sludge separation problems and explains the main reasons for the growth of the different filamentous microorganisms in activated sludge. The book summarizes the identification techniques for important groups of activated sludge microorganisms both based on conventional microscopic analysis and using the biological molecular tools available today (FISH and PCR). This new edition, with 70% new and updated material, also provides explanation of basic activated sludge process principles and of parameters necessary for process control and operation. The theory of secondary clarifies is described to the extent necessary for understanding the construction and operation of secondary clarifiers. The activated sludge reactor and secondary clarifies are treated as one system and the interactions are explained. The wide range of experiences around the world is documented and the methods to avoid the proliferation of these organisms are presented and critically reviewed. Activated Sludge Separation Problems consists of six chapters, presenting up-to-date technical and scientific aspects of these processes. The new edition also features an extended list of literature references for further reading. The book will be a valuable help for students of environmental engineering, wastewater specialists, plant operators and designers of activated sludge plants. It is also useful for specialists in wastewater operation laboratories, especially for those studying activated sludge separation properties.
Download or read book Frontiers in Wastewater Treatment and Modelling written by Giorgio Mannina and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-04 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the latest research advances, innovations, and applications in the field of water management and environmental engineering as presented by leading researchers, engineers, life scientists and practitioners from around the world at the Frontiers International Conference on Wastewater Treatment (FICWTM), held in Palermo, Italy in May 2017. The topics covered are highly diverse and include the physical processes of mixing and dispersion, biological developments and mathematical modeling, such as computational fluid dynamics in wastewater, MBBR and hybrid systems, membrane bioreactors, anaerobic digestion, reduction of greenhouse gases from wastewater treatment plants, and energy optimization. The contributions amply demonstrate that the application of cost-effective technologies for waste treatment and control is urgently needed so as to implement appropriate regulatory measures that ensure pollution prevention and remediation, safeguard public health, and preserve the environment. The contributions were selected by means of a rigorous peer-review process and highlight many exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different water specialists.
Download or read book Modelling and Control of Biotechnological Processes written by Alan Johnson and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1986 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
