Download or read book Modeling the Formation of Current Sheets in Symmetric and Asymmetric Reconnection written by Peter Katsumi Montag and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis we investigate the nature of magnetic reconnection using analytic and numerical methods. We consider configurations which are symmetric across the reconnection layer relevant to the Earth magnetotail, as well as configurations asymmetric in density and temperature across the reconnection layer, important to reconnection in Earth's dayside magnetopause. We develop an analytic model for the evolution of the electron phase space distribution function based on adiabatic invariants. We then apply this two model problems-Fermi acceleration and electron trapping-to extend previous results in these areas and model their effects on parallel heating. Following this, we run a battery of simulations of reconnection using particle in cell (PIC) codes at several different values of density asymmetry and guide field. These simulations reveal a number of regimes of current sheet formation, all of which are associated with significant anisotropic heating. Finally, we take a closer look at the case of antiparallel reconnection, where small levels of asymmetry cause significant shortening in the current sheet that develops at the midplane. Analysis of the data suggests an asymmetry in the firehose condition is the cause. Running another battery of simulations that adds a temperature asymmetry, we find that elongated current sheets will again form when the temperature asymmetry is large enough to restore balance in the firehose condition across the layer.
Download or read book Micro to Macro Scale Dynamics of Earth s Flank Magnetopause written by Kyoung-Joo Hwang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-06-03 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Space Weather Fundamentals written by George V. Khazanov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-11-17 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Space weather is one of the most significant natural hazards to human life and health. Conditions of the sun and in the solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere can influence the performance and reliability of space-borne and ground-based technological systems. If conditions in the space environment are adverse, they can cause disruption of satellite operations, communications, navigation, and electric power distribution grids, leading to a variety of socioeconomic losses. This book provides an overview of our current knowledge and theoretical understanding of space weather formation and covers all major topics of this phenomena, from the sun to the Earth’s ionosphere and thermosphere, thus providing a fully updated review of this rapidly advancing field. The book brings together an outstanding team of internationally recognised contributors to cover topics such as solar wind, the earth's magnetic field, radiation belts, the aurora, spacecraft charging, orbital drag and GPS.
Download or read book Electric Currents in Geospace and Beyond written by Andreas Keiling and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric currents are fundamental to the structure and dynamics of space plasmas, including our own near-Earth space environment, or “geospace.”This volume takes an integrated approach to the subject of electric currents by incorporating their phenomenology and physics for many regions in one volume. It covers a broad range of topics from the pioneers of electric currents in outer space, to measurement and analysis techniques, and the many types of electric currents. First volume on electric currents in space in over a decade that provides authoritative up-to-date insight on the current status of research Reviews recent advances in observations, simulation, and theory of electric currents Provides comparative overviews of electric currents in the space environments of different astronomical bodies Electric Currents in Geospace and Beyond serves as an excellent reference volume for a broad community of space scientists, astronomers, and astrophysicists who are studying space plasmas in the solar system. Read an interview with the editors to find out more: https://eos.org/editors-vox/electric-currents-in-outer-space-run-the-show
Download or read book Magnetotails in the Solar System written by Andreas Keiling and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-02 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All magnetized planets in our solar system (Mercury, Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) interact strongly with the solar wind and possess well developed magnetotails. It is not only the strongly magnetized planets that have magnetotails. Mars and Venus have no global intrinsic magnetic field, yet they possess induced magnetotails. Comets have magnetotails that are formed by the draping of the interplanetary magnetic field. In the case of planetary satellites (moons), the magnetotail refers to the wake region behind the satellite in the flow of either the solar wind or the magnetosphere of its parent planet. The largest magnetotail of all in our solar system is the heliotail, the “magnetotail” of the heliosphere. The variety of solar wind conditions, planetary rotation rates, ionospheric conductivity, and physical dimensions provide an outstanding opportunity to extend our understanding of the influence of these factors on magnetotail processes and structures. Volume highlights include: Discussion on why a magnetotail is a fundamental problem of magnetospheric physics Unique collection of tutorials on a large range of magnetotails in our solar system In-depth reviews comparing magnetotail processes at Earth with other magnetotail structures found throughout the heliosphere Collectively, Magnetotails in the Solar System brings together for the first time in one book a collection of tutorials and current developments addressing different types of magnetotails. As a result, this book should appeal to a broad community of space scientists, and it should also be of interest to astronomers who are looking at tail-like structures beyond our solar system.
Download or read book Magnetic Reconnection written by Walter Gonzalez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-22 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of recent research highlights in the main areas of application of magnetic reconnection (MR), including planetary, solar and magnetospheric physics and astrophysics. It describes how research on magnetic reconnection, especially concerning the Earth's magnetosphere, has grown extensively due to dedicated observations from major satellite missions such as Cluster, Double Star and Themis. The accumulated observations from these missions are being supplemented by many theoretical and modelling efforts, for which large scale computer facilities are successfully being used, and the theoretical advances are also covered in detail. Opening with an introductory discussion of some fundamental issues related to magnetic reconnection, subsequent chapters address topics including collisionless magnetic reconnection, MHD structures in 3D reconnection, energy conversion processes, fast reconnection mediated by plasmoids, rapid reconnection and magnetic field topology. Further chapters consider specific areas of application such as magnetospheric dayside and tail reconnection, comparative reconnection in planetary systems and reconnection in astrophysical systems. The book offers insight into discussions about fundamental concepts and key aspects of MR, access to the full set of applications of MR as presently known in space physics and in astrophysics, and an introduction to a new related area of study dealing with the annihilation of quantum magnetic fluxes and its implications in the study on neutron star activity. The book is aimed primarily at students entering the field, but will also serve as a useful reference text for established scientists and senior researchers.
Download or read book Magnetic Reconnection written by Peter Wyper and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three dimensional magnetic null points are now accepted as important topological features at which magnetic reconnection occurs. However, the understanding of the processes involved is still far behind the well developed field of 2D X-point reconnection. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to present realistic extensions of the known ways in which 3D null point reconnection occurs. The Torsional (twisting) regimes of 3D null point reconnection are investigated using analytical models with, for the first time, localised current structures that qualitatively match those seen in simulation studies. These solutions show a wealth of possible scenarios in which new connections can form as a result of twisting perturbations near 3D nulls. Analytical solutions for fan and spine reconnection are presented with asymmetric current sheets as this scenario is thought to be commonplace in astrophysical plasmas. The asymmetry in each solution has a profound and rather different effect in each case. This analysis is then complimented by a series of numerical experiments studying the self consistent formation of similar current structures for the spine-fan mode in response to transient driving. Time dependent effects, such as the movement of the null position and the applicability of scaling laws derived from analyses with symmetric current sheets, are discussed. These results suggest that, in typical astrophysical plasmas, 3D null points may be continuously shifting position with a flow of plasma at the null point itself. Lastly, as instabilities are thought to play an important role in astrophysical reconnection dynamics, a series of numerical experiments investigating the self consistent formation and subsequent instability of a current-vortex layer at the fan plane of a 3D null point is presented. The results suggest that separatrix surfaces are great potential sites for current-vortex sheet formation and, therefore, the additional heating and connection change associated with instabilities of this layer.
Download or read book Plasmas in the Universe written by Società italiana di fisica and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2000-10-25 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book illustrates new developments in the fields of space and solar physics, stellar physics, extragalactic physics and cosmology. It also elaborates upon the progress of laboratory plasma physics. One of the topics discussed is the existence of collective processes, both linear and non-linear, that can explain key elements of accretion physics, magnetic reconnection, the formation of ‘strange’ particle distributions, particle scattering phenomena, etc. Astrophysical plasma are dominated by turbulent or quasi-turbulent processes which interactively associate instabilities, radiation processes and plasma-wave scattering. The resulting scenario, which is outside thermodynamics and conventional statistical physics, is too difficult to describe theoretically, but today there are large-scale experiments and powerful computational tools allowing for the exploration of an almost similarly complex variety of phenomena. Several contributions to this book present indications of the influence of nonlinear phenomena in astrophysical applications. This work marks the fast growth of plasma astrophysics thanks to new observations in the high energy band of the spectrum on the one hand and the possibility of validating and bringing to light relevant new theories by increasingly sophisticated machines on the other.
Download or read book Magnetosphere Ionosphere Coupling written by Y. Kamide and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past two decades a succession of direct observations by satellites, and of extensive computer simulations, has led to the realization that the polar ionosphere plays a principal role in large-scale magnetospheric processes - a manifestation of the physics linkage involved in solar-terrestrial interactions. Spatial/temporal variations in high-latitude electromagnetic phenomena, such as dynamic aurorae, electric fields and currents, have proved to be extremely complex. Now the challenge is to comprehend the vast amount of complicated measurements made in this magnetosphere-ionosphere sysstem of the Earth. This book addresses the electrical coupling between the hot, but dilute, magnetospheric plasma and the cold, but dense, plasma in the ionosphere. In five major chapters, this book presents: - basic properties of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling; - morphology of electric fields and currents at high latitudes; - global modeling of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling; - modeling of ionospheric electrodynamics; - current issues, such as auroral particle acceleration, substorms, penetration of high-latitude fields into low latitudes.
Download or read book Magnetic Reconnection Processes in the Solar Atmosphere written by COSPAR. Scientific Commission E. E2.3 Symposium (Nagoya, Japan) and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Particle Acceleration and Kinematics in Solar Flares written by Markus Aschwanden and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade we entered a new exploration phase of solar flare physics, equipped with powerful spacecraft such as Yohkoh, SoHO, and TRACE that pro vide us detail-rich and high-resolution images of solar flares in soft X-rays, hard X -rays, and extreme-ultraviolet wavelengths. Moreover, the large-area and high sensitivity detectors on the Compton GRO spacecraft recorded an unprecedented number of high-energy photons from solar flares that surpasses all detected high energy sources taken together from the rest of the universe, for which CGRO was mainly designed to explore. However, morphological descriptions of these beau tiful pictures and statistical catalogs of these huge archives of solar data would not convey us much understanding of the underlying physics, if we would not set out to quantify physical parameters from these data and would not subject these measurements to theoretical models. Historically, there has always been an unsatisfactory gap between traditional astronomy that dutifully describes the mor phology of observations, and the newer approach of astrophysics, which starts with physical concepts from first principles and analyzes astronomical data with the goal to confirm or disprove theoretical models. In this review we attempt to bridge this yawning gap and aim to present the recent developments in solar flare high-energy physics from a physical point of view, structuring the observations and analysis results according to physical processes, such as particle acceleration, propagation, energy loss, kinematics, and radiation signatures.
Download or read book Literature 1991 Part 2 written by Astronomisches Rechen-Institut and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 1592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts" appearing twice a year has become oneof the fundamental publications in the fields of astronomy, astrophysics andneighbouring sciences. It is the most important English-language abstracting journal in the mentioned branches. The abstrats are classified under more than a hundred subject categories, thus permitting a quick survey of the whole extended material. The AAA is a valuable and important publication for all students and scientists working in the fields of astronomy and related sciences. As such it represents a necessary ingredient of any astronomical library all over the world.
Download or read book Physics of Magnetic Flux Ropes written by C. T. Russell and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1990 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on papers presented at the American Geophysical Union Chapman Conference on the Physics of Magnetic Flux Ropes was held in Hamilton, Bermuda on Mar. 27-31, 1989.
Download or read book Spring Meeting written by American Geophysical Union. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multiscale Magnetospheric Processes written by Gurbax S. Lakhina and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dawn Dusk Asymmetries in Planetary Plasma Environments written by Stein Haaland and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-10-04 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DawnDusk Asymmetries in Planetary Plasma Environments Dawn-dusk asymmetries are ubiquitous features of the plasma environment of many of the planets in our solar system. They occur when a particular process or feature is more pronounced at one side of a planet than the other. For example, recent observations indicate that Earth's magnetopause is thicker at dawn than at dusk. Likewise, auroral breakups at Earth are more likely to occur in the pre-midnight than post-midnight sectors. Increasing availability of remotely sensed and in situ measurements of planetary ionospheres, magnetospheres and their interfaces to the solar wind have revealed significant and persistent dawn-dusk asymmetries. As yet there is no consensus regarding the source of many of these asymmetries, nor the physical mechanisms by which they are produced and maintained. Volume highlights include: A comprehensive and updated overview of current knowledge about dawn-dusk asymmetries in the plasma environments of planets in our solar system and the mechanisms behind them Valuable contributions from internationally recognized experts, covering both observations, simulations and theories discussing all important aspects of dawn-dusk asymmetries Space weather effects are caused by processes in space, mainly the magnetotail, and can be highly localized on ground. Knowing where the source, i.e., where dawn-dusk location is will allow for a better prediction of where the effects on ground will be most pronounced Covering both observational and theoretical aspects of dawn dusk asymmetries, Dawn-Dusk Asymmetries in Planetary Plasma Environments will be a valuable resource for academic researchers in space physics, planetary science, astrophysics, physics, geophysics and earth science.
Download or read book Theory of Fusion Plasmas written by J. Vaclavik and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
