Download or read book Modeling Scenarios for Water Allocation in the Gediz Basin Turkey written by G. W. Kite and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2001 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the use of a distributed hydrologic model to evaluate different data scenarios. The study attempted to answer questions such as; what will happen to the basin water resources if a) there is a change in climate; b) it is decided that more water must be retained in the river for environmental reasons; c) more water is extracted for urban and industrial use; d) the timing and accounts used for water are changed?
Download or read book Estimating Productivity of Water at Different Spatial Scales Using Simulation Modeling written by Peter Droogers and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2001 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A clear understanding of the current water balance is required to explore options for water saving measures. However, measurement of all the terms in the water balance is infeasible in terms of spatial and temporal scale, but hydrological simulation models can fill the gap between measured and required data. For a basin in Western Turkey, simulation modeling at three different scales, field, irrigation scheme and basin scale, was performed to obtain all terms of the water balance. These water balance numbers were used to calculate the Productivity of Water at the three spatial levels distinguished to assess the performance of the systems.
Download or read book Wells and Welfare in the Ganga Basin written by Tushaar Shah and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2001 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report analyzes the history of groundwater development in the eastern Uttar Pradesh region over the 1950-1990 period. Its main conclusion is that the story of groundwater-based livelihood creation in the Ganga basin is one of failed public initiatives and successful adaptive responses by private agents. However, tube-well-induced agrarian dynamism in eastern Uttar Pradesh and north Bihar in recent years can spread to the entire basin if public policy makers learn correct lessons from the experience of these two subregions.
Download or read book Hydronomic Zones for Developing Basin Water Conservation Strategies written by D. J. Molden and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2001 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this report, the concept and procedures of hydronomic (hydro water + nomus management) zones are introduced. A set of six hydronomic zones are developed and defined based on key differences between reaches or areas of river basins. These are the: Water Source Zone, Natural Recapture Zone, Regulated Recapture Zone, Stagnation Zone, Final Use Zone, and Environmentally Sensitive Zone. The zones are defined based on similar hydrological, geological and topographical conditions and the fate of water outflow from the zone. In addition, two conditions are defined which influence how water is managed: whether or not there is appreciable salinity or pollution loading; and whether or not groundwater that can be used for utilization or storage is present. Generic strategies for irrigation for four water management areas, the Natural Recapture, Regulated Recapture, Final Use, and Stagnation Zones, are presented. The Water Source Zone and Environmentally Sensitive Zone are discussed in terms of their overall significance in basin water use and management.
Download or read book Charging for Irrigation Water written by C. J. Perry and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2001 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: nadequate funding for maintenance of irrigation works and emerging shortages of water are prevalent. The use of water charges to generate resources for maintenance and to reduce demand is widely advocated. Examples from other utilities, and from the domestic/industrial sectors of water supply suggest the approach could be effective. In developing countries, the facilities required for measured and controlled delivery of irrigation are rarely in place, and would require a massive investment in physical, legal and administrative infrastructure. To be effective in curtailing demand, the marginal price of water must be significant. The price levels required to cover operation and maintenance (O&M) costs are too low to have a substantial impact on demand, much less to actually bring supply and demand into balance. On the other hand, the prices required to control demand are unlikely to be within the politically feasible range. Furthermore, water supplied is a proper measure of service in domestic and industrial uses. But in irrigation, and especially as the water resource itself becomes constrained, water consumption is the appropriate unit for water accounting. This is exceptionally difficult to measure. An alternative approach to cope with shortage would focus on assigning volumes to specific uses–effectively rationing water where demand exceeds supply. This approach has a number of potential benefits including simplicity, transparency, and the potential to tailor allocations specifically to hydrological situations, particularly where salinity is a problem. Data from Iran are presented to support these contentions.
Download or read book Valuing Water in Irrigated Agriculture and Reservoir Fisheries written by Mary E. Renwick and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2001 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although irrigation projects often provide water for more than crop irrigation, water allocation and management decisions often do not account for nonirrigation uses of water. Failure to account for the multiple uses of irrigation water may result in inefficient and inequitable water allocation decisions. Decision-makers often lack information on the relative economic contributions of water in irrigation and nonirrigation uses. This report addresses this problem. It examines the relative economic contributions of irrigated agriculture and reservoir fisheries in the Kirindi Oya irrigation system, located in Southeastern Sri Lanka. The results of the analysis indicate the importance of both irrigated paddy production and reservoir fisheries to the local economy. They also demonstrate significant potential financial and economic gains to irrigated agriculture from improvements in water management practices. Since these water uses are interdependent, policy makers must consider how changes in water management practices may affect reservoir levels and water quality and the fisheries that depend on them.
Download or read book Water Scarcity and Managing Seasonal Water Crisis written by R. Sakthivadivel and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2001 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coping with scarcity of water supply for managing irrigation under uncertain and inadequate conditions has become part and parcel of many irrigation systems in the semiarid tropics of Asia. Based on a case study of the Kirindi Oya Irrigation and Settlement Project (KOISP) in southern Sri Lanka, this report provides evidence of the uncertain and inadequate inflow into the reservoir and its impact on the seasonal planning.
Download or read book Small Irrigation Tanks as a Source of Malaria Mosquito Vectors written by Felix P. Amerasinghe and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2001 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thousands of small irrigation reservoirs (tanks) exist in rice ecosystems in malarious regions of south Asia. The potential of these tanks to generate malaria-transmitting mosquitoes has not been adequately evaluated. Through a study of nine small irrigation tanks in north-central Sri Lanka, this report provides an assessment of the capacity of tanks to generate malaria and nuisance mosquitoes, factors that contribute to mosquito generation, and measures that could ameliorate the problem.
Download or read book More Crop Per Drop written by Meredith Giordano and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is an analytical summary and a critical synthesis of research at the International Water Management Institute over the past decade under its evolving research paradigm known popularly as 'more crop per drop'. The research synthesized here covers the full range of issues falling in the larger canvas of water-food-health-environment interface. Besides its immediate role in sharing knowledge with the research, donor, and policy communities, this volume also has a larger purpose of promoting a new way of looking at the water issues within the broader development context of food, livelihood, health and environmental challenges. More crop per drop: Revisiting a research paradigm contrasts the acquired wisdom and fresh thinking on some of the most challenging water issues of our times. It describes new tools, approaches, and methodologies and also illustrates them with practical application both from a global perspective and within the local and regional contexts of Asia and Africa. Since this volume brings together all major research works of IWMI, including an almost exhaustive list of citations, in one single set of pages, it is very valuable not only as a reference material for researchers and students but also as a policy tool for decision-makers and development agencies.
Download or read book Institutional Alternatives in African Smallholder Irrigation written by Tushaar Shah and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2002 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews several decades of global experience in transferring management of government-run irrigation systems to farmer associations or other nongovernmental agencies in an attempt to apply the lessons of success to the African smallholder irrigation context.
Download or read book A Gender Performance Indicator for Irrigation written by Barbara Van Koppen and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2002 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although gender issues are today a priority on the agendas of irrigation policy makers, interventionists, farm leaders and researchers, there is still a considerable gap between positive intentions and concrete action. An important but hitherto ignored reason for this is the lack of adequate generic concepts and tools that are policy-relevant and can accommodate the vast variation in irrigation contexts worldwide. The Gender Performance Indicator for Irrigation (GPII) aims to fill this gap. In any particular scheme, this tool diagnoses the gendered organization of farming and gender-based inclusion or exclusion in irrigation institutions. It informs irrigation agencies what they themselves can do for effective change-if necessary. The tool also identifies gender issues beyond a strict mandate of irrigation water provision. The Indicator was applied and tested in nine case studies in Africa and Asia. The research report presents the underlying concepts, methodological guidelines and selected applications of the GPII.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Smallholder Irrigation written by B. Albinson and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2002 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smallholder irrigation systems–where farm sizes generally range from a fraction of a hectare to 10 hectares–pose special management problems, especially where the water available for irrigation is frequently less than the demand. The intensity of system adjustments required to meet individual farmer demands, and the administrative complexity of measuring and accounting water deliveries have generally proven excessive when attempting to meet “on demand†schedules, resulting in chaos (often characterized by illegal tampering with infrastructure, and vast differences of water use intensity at different locations in the system). The alternative–provision of a simple service, based on proportional sharing of available supplies on the basis of landholdings–has been resilient for many years over vast areas. The approach is based on a clear delineation between the part of the irrigation system that is actively managed (at various flow rates and water levels) and the part of the system that operates either at full supply level (with proportional division of water down to the level at which farmers rotate among their individual farms), or is completely shut. This operational design is known as a “structured†system, and has well-defined hydraulic characteristics, simplifying operation and management, in turn allowing a clearer definition of water entitlements and the responsibilities of agency staff and farmers. The approach is particularly suited to areas where water is scarce and discipline is needed to ration water among users. An additional benefit, which has been demonstrated in modeling studies using a well–proven model relating to water and yield, is that the productivity of water (which is more important than the more traditional productivity of land when water is scarce) is substantially increased when deficit irrigation is practiced–a widely observed and predictable response to rationed water supplies. Structured systems are most suited where water is scarce, clear definition of water entitlements is needed, management capacity is limited, and investment resources are limited. The approach to determining critical aspects of a structured system design is described in this report.
Download or read book Poverty Dimensions of Irrigation Management Transfer in Large scale Canal Irrigation in Andra Pradesh and Gujarat India written by Barbara C. P. Koppen and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2002 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A growing body of evidence on the impacts of irrigation management transfer (IMT) shows that IMT risks aggravating rural poverty. For governments that aim to continue irrigation management while ensuring that it contributes to poverty alleviation, a "pro-poor" mode of IMT needs to be designed and implemented. That is, a mode of IMT that benefits poor farmers while benefiting non-poor farmers equally, or perhaps to a lesser degree. The present research explores the scope for pro-poor modes of IMT in canal irrigation, focusing on large-scale canal irrigation schemes in India.
Download or read book Irrigation Sector in Sri Lanka written by M. Kikuchi and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2002 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing the area under irrigation and the widespread adoption of seed-fertilizer technology were the major factors that contributed to enhanced rice production in Sri Lanka, enabling the country to achieve self-sufficiency in rice. In recent years, there has been a shift in emphasis from expanding the irrigated land base to enhancing the productivity of irrigated land through diversification of agriculture and improvement of rice production, with better water management in irrigation schemes. This report attempts to assess how the irrigation sector in Sri Lanka is adapting itself to these new challenges. It analyzes the future direction of irrigation in Sri Lanka in light of recent trends in public and private investment in this sphere, and the revolution in groundwater development brought about by the poor performance and gradual deterioration of existing irrigation schemes.
Download or read book Modeling Water Allocation Between Wetlands and Irrigated Agriculture written by Koos de Voogt and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2000 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report investigates how much water is required to maintain the freshwater reed beds that are the main shelter and breeding place for threatened bird species. The ability of Gediz basin to fulfill this requirement and the effects of this requirement on irrigated agriculture, the major competitor for water in the Gediz basin were subsequently examined.
Download or read book Comparing Estimates of Actual Evapotranspiration from Satellites Hydrological Models and Field Data written by G. W. Kite and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2000 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of an experiment in which 8 different methods of estimating actual evaporation and transpiration were compared using a common database. Methods based on field data, hydrological models, and satellite data were used and the objectives were to compare results and to assess the utility of each method for various applications.
Download or read book Annual Report written by International Water Management Institute and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
