Download or read book Modeling of the emission of active galactic nuclei at Fermi s era written by Thomas Vuillaume and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les noyaux actifs de galaxie (NAG) sont les objets les plus énergétiques de l'univers. Cette incroyable puissance provient de l'énergie gravitationnel de matière en rotation autour d'un trou noir super-massif siégeant au centre des galaxies. Environ 10% des NAG sont pourvus de jets relativistes émanant de l'objet central (trou noir et matière environnante) et s'étalant sur des échelles de l'ordre de la galaxie hôte. Ces jets sont observés à toutes les longueurs d'ondes, de la radio aux rayons gamma les plus énergétiques. En dépit de nombreuses études et d'instruments de plus en plus précis depuis leur découverte dans les années 1950, les NAG sont encore très mal compris et la formation, la composition et l'accélération des jets sont des questions encore pleinement ouvertes. Le modèle le plus répandu visant à reproduire l'émission des NAG, le modèle "une zone" repose souvent sur des hypothèse ad-hoc et ne parvient pas à apporter une modélisation satisfaisante.Le paradigme du "two-flow" (deux fluides) développé à l'IPAG et basé sur une idée originale de Sol et al (1989) a pour but de fournir une vision unifiée et cohérente des jets de NAG. Cette théorie repose sur une l'hypothèse principale que les jets seraient en fait composés de deux fluides co-axiaux: une colonne centrale composée d'un plasma purement leptonique (électrons/positrons) se déplaçant à des vitesses relativistes et responsable pour la grande partie de l'émission non thermique observée entourée par une enveloppe composée d'un plasma baryonique (électrons/protons), régie pas la magnéto-hydrodynamique, se déplaçant à des vitesses sous-relativistes mais transportant la majorité de l'énergie. Cette hypothèse est basée sur des indices observationnels ainsi que sur des arguments théoriques et permet d'expliquer nombre des caractéristiques des NAG.Afin d'étudier plus en profondeur le paradigme du two-flow, un modèle numérique basé sur ses concepts et produisants des observables comparables aux observations est nécessaire.Durant ma thèse, j'ai participé au développement de ce modèle, m'intéressant notamment à la diffusion Compton inverse de photons provenant de l'extérieur du jet. Ce processus, primordial dans la modélisation des NAG, est aussi central dans le paradigme du two-flow car il est à l'origine de l'accélération de la colonne via l'effet fusée Compton. Pour cela, j'ai du développer des nouvelles approximations analytiques de la diffusion Compton d'une distribution thermique de photons.En m'intéressant à l'effet fusée Compton, j'ai pu montré que dans le champ de photon thermique d'un NAG, le facteur de Lorentz d'ensemble du plasma pouvait être sujet à des variations le long du jet en fonction de la distance à l'objet central. Ces variations peuvent avoir un effet important sur l'émission observée et peuvent induire de la variabilité spatiale et temporelle. J'ai également montré que les facteurs de Lorentz terminaux obtenus étaient compatibles avec les conditions physiques attendus dans les jets et avec les observations.Le modèle complet produit des DES directement comparables aux observations. Néanmoins, le modèle est par nature erratique et il est quasiment impossible de relier directement les paramètres du modèles avec les DES produites. Malheureusement, les procédures standards d'adaptation automatique aux données (e.g. basé sur les méthodes de gradient) ne sont pas adaptées au modèle à cause de son grand nombre de paramètres, de sa non-linéarité et du temps de calcul important. Afin de palier à ce problème, j'ai développé une procédure d'adaptation automatique basée sur les algorithmes génétiques. L'utilisation de cet outil a permis la reproduction de plusieurs DES par le modèle. J'ai également montré que le modèle était capable de reproduire les DES observées avec des facteurs de Lorentz d'ensemble relativement bas, ce qui pourrait potentiellement apporter une harmonisation entre les observations et les nécessités théoriques.
Download or read book Exploring Active Galactic Nuclei at Extreme Energies written by Anton Dmytriiev and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many questions related to the physics of jets of Active Galactic Nuclei remain open. A particular subclass of AGN, blazars, have a jet pointing towards the Earth. Such suitable orientation of the jet allows us to probe a rich variety of poorly understood physical phenomena related to relativistic outflows. Blazars show non-thermal emission, originating from the jet, which is highly variable across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, from radio frequencies to TeV gamma-rays. The energy flux can enhance by an order of magnitude on time-scales as short as minutes, a phenomenon referred to as a “flare”, and as long as months or even years. Despite the growing amount of available multi-wavelength (MWL) data, the origin and the physical mechanisms behind the frequently observed flaring events in blazars are still not well understood. Many attempts have been made to describe the flares with different emission models, but detailed properties of flux variation patterns (light curves) in different wavebands remain difficult to reproduce. In order to identify physical processes that are involved during blazar outbursts, I have developed a versatile radiative code, based on a time-dependent treatment of particle acceleration, escape and radiative cooling. The code computes time evolution of the distribution function of electrons in the blazar emitting zone and the spectrum of the Synchrotron Self-Compton (SSC) emission by these electrons. I applied the code to a giant MWL flare of the blazar Mrk 421, a representative of the BL Lacertae class, which is the brightest VHE flare ever detected from this source. In our approach, we consider the flare as a moderate perturbation of the quiescent state and search for interpretations with a minimum number of free parameters. As a result, I developed a novel physical scenario of the flaring activity that describes the data set, comprising spectra in the high state of the source in different energy ranges, and MWL light curves from the optical domain to the VHE gamma-ray band. In this scenario, the process initiating the outburst is the second-order Fermi acceleration of particles due to turbulence arising in the vicinity of the blazar stationary emission region. In this thesis, I also performed analysis of High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) data of two giant flares of the blazar 3C 279, a representative of the Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQ) class. Finally, I contributed to preparation of Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), which is a new-generation ground-based gamma-ray observatory, expected to start operations in 2022. The instrument, which is presently under development, will have greatly improved performance compared to currently operating Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs), including unprecedented spectral coverage from a few tens of GeV to ~300 TeV. In the context of CTA, I performed simulations of the optical performance of the Gamma-Ray Cherenkov Telescope (GCT), one of the three proposed designs of Small-Size Telescopes (SST) for CTA. Also, using the observations of bright stars done by the telescope prototype installed on the site of Paris Observatory in Meudon, I studied the effect of micro-roughness of the telescope mirrors on the point spread function (PSF) and calculated the level of the mirror polishing quality required to optimize the performances.
Download or read book The Physics and Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei written by Hagai Netzer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-09-16 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive introduction to the theory underpinning our study of active galactic nuclei and the ways we observe them.
Download or read book Probing the Geometry and Physics of the Emission Region in Active Galactic Nuclei Using Hard X ray Gamma ray Observations written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The X-ray spectra of (almost equal to)200 AGN collected from Swift-BAT were analyzed to test the Unified Model for AGN. Specifically, the photon indices, high energy cutoffs, and reflection components of Sy1 and Sy2 were compared. Under the Unified Model, the photon indices and reflection components for Sy1 should be larger than Sy2 and the high energy cutoffs should be the same. Fitting a simple power law model to the sample spectra proved to be insufficient. The PEXRAV model fit the spectra of the Sy1 and Sy2 significantly better, indicating that a reflection component and/or high energy cutoff exists as the Unified Model expects. Using both the simple power law and PEXRAV models it was concluded that in the population studied, Sy1 had a larger photon index than Sy2, as expected by the Unified Model. For Sy1 and Sy2, the reflection components were found to be compatible, but given the large errors, this finding cannot be said to be evidence against the Unified Model. However, it was concluded that Sy1 and Sy2 have different high energy cutoffs, which is unexpected under the Unified Model.
Download or read book Acceleration and Propagation of Cosmic Rays in High Metallicity Astrophysical Environments written by Ana Laura Müller and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-01 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis addresses the feasibility of the production of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays in starburst galaxies and active galactic nuclei. These astrophysical objects were theoretically proposed as candidate sources a long time ago. Nevertheless, the interest in them has been recently renewed due to the observational data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array. In this work, a comprehensive review of the current status of the research on cosmic rays accelerators is provided, along with a summary of the principal concepts needed to connect these relativistic particles with electromagnetic and neutrino observations in the multi-messenger era. On one hand, the hypothesis of accelerating particles with energies above 1018 eV in starburst superwinds is carefully revisited, taking into account the constraints imposed by the most recent electromagnetic observations. On the other hand, an alternative new model for the gamma emission of the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068 is presented. The implications of the results of these studies are discussed in terms of the contemporary observatories and prospects for future experiments are offered.
Download or read book High energy Emission from Active Galactic Nuclei written by Matteo Cerruti and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: . In this thesis manuscript we tried to summarize the research work done during the last three years in the high-energy group of the LUTh laboratory, as well as in the H.E.S.S. collaboration. The project deals with the study of high-energy emission from active galactic nuclei (AGN), where, with high energy, we refer here to X and y-rays. The thesis covers in fact two différent aspects of the physics of AGN, firstly the study of the X-ray emission from Seyfert galaxies (radio-quiet AGN), and then of the y-ray emission from blazars (radio-loud AGN).We start then by providing a short introduction to the scientific context of AGN physics (by present- ing the unified AGN model), as well as of TeV astronomy. In the first part we first describe the problem of the soft-X-ray excess in Seyfert galaxies (Chapter 1), before entering in the details of the study of Suzaku observations of two particular objects (Mrk 509 and Mrk 841, Chapter 2), presenting the data analysis and their modelling. The second part starts with an introduction on the blazar physics (Chapter 3), before showing the results achieved by the H.E.S.S. telescope array on AGN (Chapter 4). A detailed study has been done on a particular blazar detected at TeV energies (1RXS J101015.9 - 311909), and is presented in Chapter 5. The following chapters are more theoretical, and discuss the modelling of the observed blazar emis- sion. In particular, in Chapter 6 we discuss the constrains on the synchrotron-self-Compton model, presenting a new numerical algorithm to determine the best-fit solution, while in Chapter 7 we present a new stationary lepto-hadronic code, which can be used to model the blazar emission in leptonic, hadronic and mixed scenarios.In Chapter 8 we present the problem of the spectral break observed in the GeV spectrum of 3C 454.3, and we model it consistently in an external-inverse-Compton scenario.Finally we present a perspective for the detection of high-redshift sources with the future telescope CTA (Appendix A).
Download or read book Relativistic Jets from Active Galactic Nuclei written by Markus Boettcher and published by John Wiley and Sons. This book was released on 2012-02-13 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a carefully selected consortium of researchers working in the field, this book fills the gap for an up-to-date summary of the observational and theoretical status. As such, this monograph includes all used wavelengths, from radio to gamma, the FERMI telescope, a history and theory refresher, and jets from gamma ray bursts. For astronomers, nuclear physicists, and plasmaphysicists.
Download or read book Advanced Lectures On The Starburst agn Connection written by Itziar Aretxaga and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001-04-24 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A group of leading experts in the field of starbursts and active galactic nuclei have joined hands to produce this review volume which covers the starburst-AGN connection, and the tests to be carried out with the upcoming new astronomical facilities to ascertain the relevance of both components to the formation and evolution of galaxies.The book is addressed to advanced graduate students and researchers in the fields of active galactic nuclei and young galaxies.
Download or read book Multiwavelength Studies of Radio loud Active Galactic Nuclei in the Fermi Era written by Jennifer Ann Gupta and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multiwavelength Studies of Radio loud Active Galactic Nuclei in the Fermi Era written by Jennifer Ann Gupta and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Formation and Disruption of Black Hole Jets written by Ioannis Contopoulos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-10 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the phenomenology displayed by relativistic jets as well as the most recent theoretical efforts to understand the physical mechanisms at their origin. Relativistic jets have been observed and studied in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) for about half a century and are believed to be fueled by accretion onto a supermassive black hole at the center of the host galaxy. Since the first discovery of relativistic jets associated with so-called "micro-quasars" much more recently, it has seemed clear that much of the physics governing the relativistic outflows in stellar X-ray binaries harboring black holes and in AGN must be common, but acting on very different spatial and temporal scales. With new observational and theoretical results piling up every day, this book attempts to synthesize a consistent, unified physical picture of the formation and disruption of jets in accreting black-hole systems. The chapters in this book offer overviews accessible not only to specialists but also to graduate students and astrophysicists working in other areas. Covered topics comprise Relativistic jets in stellar systems Launching of AGN jets Parsec-scale AGN jets Kiloparsec-scale AGN jets Black hole magnetospheres Theory of relativistic jets The structure and dynamics of the inner accretion disk The origin of the jet magnetic field X-ray observations, phenomenology, and connection with theory
Download or read book Continuum Emission in Active Galactic Nuclei written by Michael L. Sitko and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Active Galactic Nuclei written by Volker Beckmann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-24 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Active Galactic Nuclei This AGN textbook gives an overview on the current knowledge of the Active Galacitc Nuclei phenomenon. The spectral energy distribution will be discussed, pointing out what can be observed in different wavebands. The different physical models are presented together with formula important for the understanding of AGN physics. Furthermore, the authors discuss the AGN with respect to its environment, host galaxy, feedback in galaxies and in clusters of galaxies, variability, etc. and finally the cosmological evolution of the AGN phenomenon. This book includes phenomena based on new results in the X-Ray and gamma-ray domain from new telescopes such as Chandra, XMM-Newton, the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, and the VHE regime not mentioned so far in AGN books. Those and other new developments as well as simulations of AGN merging events and formations, enabled through latest super-computing capabilities. From the contents: The observational picture of AGN Radiative processes The central engine AGN types and unification AGN through the electromagnetic spectrum AGN variability Environment Quasars and cosmology Formation, evolution and the ultimate fate of AGN What we do not know (yet)
Download or read book Stability of Emission Line Clouds in Active Galactic Nuclei written by Irwin S. Krinsky and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Variability of Blazars written by E. VALTAOJA (Ed) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Blazars (also known as BL Lac objects), first discovered in 1978, are unusually energetic objects in the extragalactic universe. About 200 are known or suspected. They are radio sources with highly variable optical and radio emission, as well as high polarisation, and their optical spectra normally have no distinguishable features. It is generally accepted that they belong to that class of galaxies with active galactic nuclei, which are presumed to be driven by infall of matter to a supermassive black hole. In this book researchers give a complete summary of the observations of blazars and the theoretical interpretation. A comprehensive listing of confirmed and candidate objects is included. Mechanisms in which the variability can arise from shocks and relativistic jets are discussed. There are at least four different answers given to the question: what is a blazar? This book is a complete overview of the violent activity observed in these extreme active galactic nuclei.
Download or read book Big Bang Active Galactic Nuclei and Supernovae Paper written by S. Hayakawa and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Active Galactic Nuclei written by Volker Beckmann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-08-29 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Active Galactic Nuclei This AGN textbook gives an overview on the current knowledge of the Active Galacitc Nuclei phenomenon. The spectral energy distribution will be discussed, pointing out what can be observed in different wavebands. The different physical models are presented together with formula important for the understanding of AGN physics. Furthermore, the authors discuss the AGN with respect to its environment, host galaxy, feedback in galaxies and in clusters of galaxies, variability, etc. and finally the cosmological evolution of the AGN phenomenon. This book includes phenomena based on new results in the X-Ray and gamma-ray domain from new telescopes such as Chandra, XMM-Newton, the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, and the VHE regime not mentioned so far in AGN books. Those and other new developments as well as simulations of AGN merging events and formations, enabled through latest super-computing capabilities. From the contents: The observational picture of AGN Radiative processes The central engine AGN types and unification AGN through the electromagnetic spectrum AGN variability Environment Quasars and cosmology Formation, evolution and the ultimate fate of AGN What we do not know (yet)
