Download or read book Modeling of cryogenic sloshing including heat and mass transfer written by Arnold van Foreest and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2014-03-10 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sloshing of cryogenic liquid propellants in launch vehicle tanks creates unwanted thermodynamic side-effects such as pressure changes in the tank. The goal of this PhD research was to develop a practical engineering model which is able to describe the influence of the sloshing of a cryogenic liquid on the heat and mass transfer and the associated temperature and pressure. The pressure changes caused by sloshing were investigated experimentally and numerically. Using the experimental and numerical results, a one dimensional (1D) engineering model was developed which is able to describe the experimental results.
Download or read book Assessment of Governing Heat and Mass Transfer Coefficients for Cryogenic No vent Top off Modeling written by Robert Ahlman and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No-vent fill / no-vent top-off (NVF/NVTO) is a method to enable the transfer of cryogenic propellants without the need to vent. Transferring propellants in microgravity environments is necessary to support the long-duration space missions planned for the coming decades. A key developmental milestone to developing this capability fully is the simulation and experimentation of NVF/NVTO in 1-g settings. This work seeks to advance the former by assessing the effectiveness of different heat transfer correlations used in a 1-g non-equilibrium model. Heat transfer correlations for natural convection and two-phase boiling heat transfer are compared against experimental results for 34 different tests. Two distinct experiments, comprised of 21 tests, are presented in detail here. These tests cover a variety of different injection methods, receiver tank geometries, receiver tank materials, cryogenic propellants, and initial tank states. Overall for the cases tested in this work, the model was able to predict the pressure response within the receiver tank to a mean absolute percentage error of 25.9%. The temperature response error rate was 29.5% and 24.9% for wall-gas and two-phase nodes, respectively. Compared to the worst case correlation set tested, the pressure prediction error rate represents a 31% improvement. For the cases presented in this work, the mean pressure prediction error rate was 15.5%. Future work could evaluate the effectiveness of this model against experiments conducted with different propellants or different initial conditions. In its current form, however, the model can still be used to help reduce design and testing time for 1-g experiments, enabling the quicker iteration that is necessary to meet the technological demands of future space missions.
Download or read book Low Loss Storage and Handling of Cryogenic Liquids written by Thomas D. Bostock and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-21 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The revised second edition of this practical book reviews the fundamentals of cryogenic liquid behaviour in small and large scale storage systems. The text is based on research findings on the convective and evaporative behaviour of cryogenic fluids, aimed at improving the design, construction and operation of low-loss cryogenic liquid storage systems, with a view to minimising cost and improving operational safety. Since the first edition was published in 2006, the breadth of cryogenic applications and the modelling of cryogenic fluid dynamics (CFD) have expanded in several directions. In this second edition, most chapters have been extended to introduce discussions of these new applications and their safety and energy economy. These include advances in the modelling of CFD required in, for example, the design of miniature cryocoolers and condensers and reboilers, large-scale cryogenic liquid mixture properties and their stability, and the understanding that hazards and safety problems in the public domain increase with the scaling up of cryogenic systems. With helpful summaries at the end of each chapter, the book is an essential reference for anyone working on the design and operation of cryogenic liquid storage and transportation systems.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book COSMIC Software Catalog written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sloshing of Cryogenic Liquids in a Cylindrical Tank under normal Gravity Conditions written by Tim Arndt and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2012-06-04 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particularly in the upper stage development of rockets (launchers), gravity dominated fluid motion in upper stage tanks (sloshing) during flight represents an undesired dynamic effect. On the one hand the sloshing forces lead to disturbances, which have to be compensated by the reaction control system. On the other hand, when cryogenic fluids are considered, the fluctuations in tank pressure may be critical under some circumstances compromising the structural stability of the tank. In this field, the utilization of cryogenic propellants represents a high challenge to layout and design of the propulsion components including the propellant tanks. This work deals with two effects that are directly coupled to the sloshing content inside the propellant tank. To investigate these effects a dedicated test setup has been developed. At first, the damping characteristics of sloshing cryogenic nitrogen - which is used as a substitute for the rocket propellants liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen - are determined. The results are correlated to the theory based on storable propellants. The main part of this work is linked to a characteristic pressure drop inside the propellant tank caused by the sloshing liquid. For the effect to occur, the tank must be pressurized to enable the formation of a thermal stratification below the liquid surface. Sloshing leads to the mixing of liquid in this region with subcooled liquid from the bulk. This affects the decrease of the temperature at the free surface leading to the condensation of superheated vapor. Thus, the pressure in the tank must decreases. Three different pressurization concepts are introduced in this work; self-pressurization where the tank is pressurized by evaporating liquid caused by the heat flowing into the tank. Furthermore, the tank is pressurized with gaseous nitrogen taken from an external gas bottle and at last gaseous helium from an external supply is used for pressurization purpose. By the application of helium as non-condensable gas, a significant reduction of the pressure drop is expected. The experimental results confirm this working hypothesis and therefore support the theoretical considerations described by an approach of Das & Hopfinger. All results are presented in a non-dimensional form to allow the comparison to data from the literature. Furthermore, the upscaling of the current results enables the prediction for future cryogenic upper stages such as the ESC-B for the European space launcher Ariane 5.
Download or read book Modeling Two phase Transport During Cryogenic Chilldown in a Pipeline written by Jun Liao and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The predicted wall temperature variation matches well with the experimental measurement. It provides valuable insights into the two-phase flow dynamics, and heat and mass transfer for a given spatial region in the pipe during the chilldown.
Download or read book Liquid Sloshing Dynamics written by Raouf A. Ibrahim and published by . This book was released on 2005-09 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with almost every aspect of liquid sloshing dynamics.
Download or read book Modelling Heat and Mass Transfer in Freezing Porous Media written by Leonid Brondenbrener and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heat and mass transfer in porous media under phase transition conditions has a great scientific and practical interest in solving of engineering and technical problems. Many industrial processes require the study of mathematical models for the development of both the technologies based on the phase transitions in porous media and experimental devices for the study of these processes. The main goal of the book is sequential and systematical consideration from unified view point the heat and mass transfer processes occurring in heterogeneous porous media (soil-water-ice) under phase transition conditions. New solutions and also analytical and numerical models are provided for the analysis of the freezing (thawing) processes in the soils, which are arisen in various regions such as Canada, The United States and North-East Asia. For multiphase media, the system of differential equations with allowance of phase transition kinetics is derived. In contrast to the most studies, considering a two-zone model for the solution (classical approach), we suppose the existence of a region of intensive phase transitions freezing or kinetic zone, which is characterised by non-instantaneous kinetics of crystallisation. As a new and important result, the criterion for freezing zone formation as a function of soil properties and freezing conditions is derived. The book also includes the new experimental method and results relating to determination of the important characteristic for the kinetic model time of the water crystallisation in freezing porous media. A new approach for the modelling the secondary frost heave is proposed and described in detail. The new results, concerning with frost heave distribution and its rate, are presented. On the basis of perturbation method in a two-dimensional coupled heat and mass transfer model, for the first time, the analytical criteria in dimensionless form for the both dynamic and morphological instability are derived. Employing Fourier synthesis, an actual front shape evolution is calculated. In this way the new physical results are obtained. All results of modelling represented in book have an appropriate mathematical justification, are illustrated by comparison with appropriate experimental data and, where it is possible, with calculation results of other authors. The models and results presented in this book can be used for the prediction of the main engineering characteristics for the practical problems.
Download or read book Analysis and Modeling of Cryogenic Transfer Line Cool down written by A. S. M. Rokanuzzaman and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Heat Transfer in Cryogenic Vessels written by Mishaal A. AbdulKareem and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Heat and Mass Transfer in the Melting of Frost written by William F. Mohs and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Brief is aimed at engineers and researchers involved in the refrigeration industry: specifically, those interested in energy utilization and system efficiency. The book presents what the authors believe is the first comprehensive frost melting study involving all aspects of heat and mass transfer. The volume's description of in-plane and normal digital images of frost growth and melting is also unique in the field, and the digital analysis technique offers an advantage over invasive measurement methods. The scope of book's coverage includes modeling and experimentation for the frost formation and melting processes. The key sub-specialties to which the book are aimed include refrigeration system analysis and design, coupled heat and mass transfer, and phase-change processes.
Download or read book Large Space Structures Systems in the Space Station Era written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1042 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydraulic Research in the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Cryogenic Engineering written by Klaus D. Timmerhaus and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NBS Special Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
