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Book Modeling and Control of a Hydrocarbon Selective Catalytic Reduction System for Diesel Exhaust

Download or read book Modeling and Control of a Hydrocarbon Selective Catalytic Reduction System for Diesel Exhaust written by Oliver Rivera and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diesel vehicles are continually being regulated each year by tighter restrictions on exhaust emissions. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) form one of the more difficult emissions to control. Urea based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx emissions is an evolving technology that has seen widespread implementation on over the road vehicles. However, this technology requires an on-board reductant to function properly. Hydrocarbon based SCR (HC-SCR) technology eliminates the need for an additional on-board liquid by using diesel fuel as the reductant. A review of aftertreatment systems including HC-SCR is provided in this work. This review is followed by an experimental investigation of an HC-SCR aftertreatment system fitted to a marine diesel engine. A model of the HC-SCR outlet NOx concentration is developed and validated for several operating conditions. A sensitivity analysis of the model parameters is performed, demonstrating the most influential model parameters. A controller is successfully implemented in simulation and in the laboratory environment.

Book Urea SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts

Download or read book Urea SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts written by Isabella Nova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-14 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts presents a complete overview of the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia/urea. The book starts with an illustration of the technology in the framework of the current context (legislation, market, system configurations), covers the fundamental aspects of the SCR process (catalysts, chemistry, mechanism, kinetics) and analyzes its application to useful topics such as modeling of full scale monolith catalysts, control aspects, ammonia injections systems and integration with other devices for combined removal of pollutants.

Book Selective Catalytic Reduction Technology for the Control of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Coal Fired Boilers

Download or read book Selective Catalytic Reduction Technology for the Control of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Coal Fired Boilers written by Gene Knight and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-08 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Clean Coal Technology Demo. Program (CCTDP) is an effort to demonstrate a new generation of innovative coal utilization processes in a series of facilities built across the country. These projects are carried out on a commercial scale to prove technical feasibility and provide the info. required for future applications. Projects have demonstrated technical options with the potential to meet the needs of energy markets while satisfying environ. requirements. Part of this program is the demo. of technologies designed to reduce emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from existing coal-fired utility boilers. This report summarizes the status of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology for the control of NOx emissions from high-sulfur, coal-fired boilers. Illus.

Book Control of Diesel Engine Urea Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems

Download or read book Control of Diesel Engine Urea Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems written by Ming-Feng Hsieh and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A systematic nonlinear control methodology for urea-SCR systems applicable for light-to-heavy-duty Diesel engine platforms in a variety of on-road, off-road, and marine applications is developed and experimentally validated in this dissertation. Urea selective catalytic reduction (urea-SCR) systems have been proved of being able to reduce more than 90% of Diesel engine-out NOx emissions and have been favored by the automotive industry in recent years. Urea-SCR systems utilize ammonia, converted from 32.5% aqueous urea solution (AdBlue) injected at upstream of the SCR catalyst, as the reductant for NOx reductions. Because ammonia is considered a hazardous material, urea injection should be systematically controlled to avoid undesired tailpipe ammonia slip while achieving a sufficient level of SCR NOx reduction. The novelty of the control methodology is to regulate the ammonia storage distribution along the axial direction of a SCR catalyst to a staircase profile and thus to simultaneously realize high NOx reduction efficiency and low ammonia emissions. To achieve this control objective, several relevant subjects are studied, including: 1) aftertreatment system control-oriented modeling, 2) online NOx sensor ammonia cross-sensitivity correction, 3) SCR catalyst ammonia coverage ratio estimation, as well as 4) adaptive urea dosing controller design. A unique SCR system which consists of a urea injector and two SCR catalysts connected in-series with several NOx and NH3 sensors is used for the study of the proposed urea-SCR control methodology. Such a SCR system is integrated with a state-of-the-art Diesel engine and aftertreatment system (DOC-DPF). The US06 test cycle experimental results show the proposed control methodology, in comparison to a conventional control strategy, is capable of improving the SCR NOx reduction by 63% and reducing the tailpipe ammonia slip amount by 74%. The contributions of this research to the art include: 1) A novel, efficient, and generalizable urea-SCR dosing control methodology; 2) Diesel engine-DOC-DPF NO/NO2 ratio control-oriented models and observer-based estimations; 3) SCR catalyst ammonia coverage ratio estimation methods; 4) An online correction approach for NOx sensor ammonia cross-sensitivity elimination; and 5) An improved SCR control-oriented model.

Book Emissions Control Catalysis

Download or read book Emissions Control Catalysis written by Ioannis V. Yentekakis and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-06-18 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The important advances achieved over the past years in all technological directions (industry, energy, and health) contributing to human well-being are unfortunately, in many cases, accompanied by a threat to the environment, with photochemical smog, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, global warming, and finally climate change being the most well-known major issues. These are the results of a variety of pollutants emitted through these human activities. The indications show that we are already at a tipping point that might lead to non-linear and sudden environmental change on a global scale. Aiming to tackle these adverse effects in an attempt to mitigate any damage that has already occurred and to ensure that we are heading toward a cleaner (green) and sustainable future, scientists around the world are developing tools and techniques to understand, monitor, protect, and improve the environment. Emissions control catalysis is continuously advancing, providing novel, multifunctional, and optimally promoted using a variety of methods, nano-structured catalytic materials, and strategies (e.g., energy chemicals recycling, cyclic economy) that enable us to effectively control emissions, either of mobile or stationary sources, improving the quality of air (outdoor and indoor) and water and the energy economy. Representative cases include the abatement and/or recycling of CO2, CO, NOx, N2O, NH3, CH4, higher hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter, and specific industrial emissions (e.g., SOx, H2S, dioxins aromatics, and biogas). The “Emissions Control Catalysis” Special Issue has succeeded in collecting 22 high-quality contributions, included in this MDPI open access book, covering recent research progress in a variety of fields relevant to the above topics and/or applications, mainly on: (i) NOx catalytic reduction from cars (i.e., TWC) and industry (SCR) emissions; (ii) CO, CH4, and other hydrocarbons removal, and (iii) CO2 capture/recirculation combining emissions control with added-value chemicals production.

Book Control of a Selective Catalytic Reduction Process

Download or read book Control of a Selective Catalytic Reduction Process written by Christoph Michael Schär and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Distributed Parameter Control of Selective Catalytic Reduction SCR for Diesel powered Vehicles

Download or read book Distributed Parameter Control of Selective Catalytic Reduction SCR for Diesel powered Vehicles written by Hallas Pakravesh and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main scope of this work is to design a distributed parameter control for SCR, which is modelled by using coupled hyperbolic and parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs). This is a boundary control problem where the control objectives are to reduce the amount of NO[subscript x] emissions and ammonia slip as far as possible. Two strategies are used to control SCR. The first strategy includes using the direct transcription (DT) as the open-loop control technique. The second strategy includes the design of a closed-loop control technique that uses a new numerical method developed in this work, which combines the method of characteristics and spectral decomposition, and the characteristic-based nonlinear model predictive control (CBNMPC) as the control algorithm. The results show that the designed advanced controllers are able to achieve very high control performance in terms of NO[subscript x] and ammonia slip reduction.

Book Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx

Download or read book Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx written by Deborah W. Dayton and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Modeling of Aftertreatment Systems for Diesel Engines

Download or read book Modeling of Aftertreatment Systems for Diesel Engines written by Nimrod Kapas and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Model based Control of Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems

Download or read book Model based Control of Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems written by Mu Wang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Development of Catalyst for Selective Reduction of NOx and Oxidation of CO and Hydrocarbons

Download or read book Development of Catalyst for Selective Reduction of NOx and Oxidation of CO and Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presently available technologies for control of engine NOx are not applicable in diesel engines and microns research projects are in progress in both the U.S. and Japan to find a practical method of catalytically reducing NOx in diesel exhaust. This report describes are laboratory scale testing of two possible methods of doing this. Tests were done with gas mixtures which simulated diesel exhaust. Of the two NOx control methods tested, one was found unpromising while the other gave promising results when propane was used as the NOx reducing agent. Since, however, the results with diesel fuel as the reducing agent were not promising, further development did not seem justified. It appears likely than the need to used diesel fuel is the NOx reductant in any practical system will be an issue in the other research projects now ongoing.

Book Validation of a Standardized Measuring Journal for Calibration of Exhaust Gas After Treatment Catalysts Investigation of the Effect of Hydrocarbon Species on SCR Catalyst Behaviour

Download or read book Validation of a Standardized Measuring Journal for Calibration of Exhaust Gas After Treatment Catalysts Investigation of the Effect of Hydrocarbon Species on SCR Catalyst Behaviour written by Juan Miralles Munita and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Research & Development, the simulation of the aftertreatment systems has become a fundamental part in the development process for the automobile industry. It is normal then to study individually every aftertreatment technology in order to create simulation models for these technologies such as Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR), Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) or Diesel Particle Filter (DPF). For helping the creation of these models, dedicated experiments are carried out. These kinetic experiments must be designed and well-defined such that they provide the necessary information in a reproducible way at minimal time and costs. In the first part of the work and in order to facilitate measurements with long SDPF specimens, a reactor with a new oven design has been characterized. Its thermal behaviour and the absence of unwanted reactions of the bare reactor (without catalyst) have been checked. In a previous work, dedicated kinetic measurement procedures for the SCR calibration process were determined and optimized on a synthetic gas test rig. The optimal settings and procedures were programed in the test rig control software. In the second part of this work, several measurements based on these optimal procedures have been carried out on the test rig with a state-of-the-art Cu-Ze SCR to investigate the influence of several types of HCs on the SCR behaviour. The alternative of the NO2/NOx ratio step concept was used for the NOx conversion study of the SCR catalyst. It has been seen that the presence during the experiment of different HC species such as C3H6 and C2H2 had an negative effect in the NOx reduction, and for other HC species as C3H8 the effect was practically inexistent. The results of this work will help to better understand the behaviour of SCR catalysts and SDPF filters for future investigations.