Download or read book Modality in hindi written by Shlomper Genady and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modality in Hindi written by Genady Shlomper and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modality in English and Hindi written by Shambhu Nath Singh and published by . This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modality in Hindi and English written by Prashant Mishra (Professor of English) and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modality in Bengali written by Anna Rácová and published by Ústav orientalistiky SAV. This book was released on with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes the basic concepts and types of modality in Bengali, classifies them and concurrently shows through which linguistic means the individual modal domains are expressed in Bengali within socio-cultural environment. Close attention is particularly paid to the event modality, but the propositional (epistemic) modality is also discussed. The analysis presents both similarities and differences in the expression of this cross-linguistic semantic category between Bengali and other languages.

Download or read book Tense and Aspect in Indo European Languages written by John Hewson and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1997-03-06 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph presents a general picture of the evolution of IE verbal systems within a coherent cognitive framework. The work encompasses all the language families of the IE phylum, from prehistory to present day languages. Inspired by the ideas of Roman Jakobson and Gustave Guillaume the authors relate tense and aspect to underlying cognitive processes, and show that verbal systems have a staged development of time representations (chronogenesis). They view linguistic change as systemic and trace the evolution of the earliest tense systems by (a) aspectual split and (b) aspectual merger from the original aspectual contrasts of PIE, the evidence for such systemic change showing clearly in the paradigmatic morphology of the daughter languages. The nineteen chapters cover first the ancient documentation, then those families whose historical data are from a more recent date. The last chapters deal with the systemic evolution of languages that are descended from ancient forbears such as Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin, and are completed by a chapter on the practical and theoretical conclusions of the work.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Modality and Mood written by Jan Nuyts and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-09-08 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook offers an in depth and comprehensive state of the art survey of the linguistic domains of modality and mood. An international team of experts in the field examines the full range of methodological and theoretical approaches to the many facets of the phenomena involved. Parts 1 and 2 of the volume present the basic linguistic facts about the systems of modality and mood in the languages of the world, covering the semantics and the expression of different subtypes of modality and mood respectively. The authors also examine the interaction of modality and mood, mutually and with other semantic categories such as aspect, time, negation, and evidentiality. In Part 3, authors discuss the features of the modality and mood systems in five typologically different language groups, while chapters in Part 4 deal with wider perspectives on modality and mood: diachrony, areality, first language acquisition, and sign language. Finally, Part 5 looks at how modality and mood are handled in different theoretical approaches: formal syntax, functional linguistics, cognitive linguistics and construction grammar, and formal semantics.

Download or read book Linguistic Structure and Language Dynamics in South Asia written by Anvita Abbi and published by Motilal Banarsidass Publ.. This book was released on 2001 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Eighteenth Round Table of South Asian Language Analysis (SALA) was organised by the Centre of Linguistics and English, School of Languages, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi (India), Janurary 4-6, 1997. The conference was attended by scholars from all over the world and about 150 papers were presented in 20 parallel sessions and plenary sessions. This volume is a representative sample of the breadth and quality of research that is being carried out in South Asian linguistics today.

Download or read book Annual Review of South Asian Languages and Linguistics written by Rajendra Singh and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2008-12-19 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South Asia is home to a large number of languages and dialects. Although linguists working on this region have made significant contributions to our understanding of language, society, and language in society on a global scale, there is as yet no recognized international forum for the exchange of ideas amongst linguists working on South Asia. The Annual Review of South Asian Languages and Linguistics is designed to be just that forum. It brings together empirical and theoretical research and serves as a testing ground for the articulation of new ideas and approaches which may be grounded in a study of South Asian languages but which have universal applicability. Each volume will have three major sections: I. Invited contributions consisting of state-of-the-art essays on research in South Asian languages. II. Refereed open submissions focusing on relevant issues and providing various viewpoints. III. Reports from around the world, book reviews and abstracts of doctoral theses.

Download or read book Orientalia Suecana written by Erik Gren and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Interaction of Modality and Negation written by Ferdinand De Haan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1997. This book is an updated version of the author's 1994 dissertation, submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Southern California. With updated references footnotes pointing to research published after May 1994, this study of modality showcases its long history. Yet, for many centuries it seemed to be the exclusive domain of philosophers. It was not recognized by linguists as a separate object for study until comparatively recent times. The author argues that the other component of this study, negation, has fared much better.

Download or read book Covert Modality in Non finite Contexts written by Rajesh Bhatt and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2008-08-22 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the distribution and interpretation of Covert Modality. Covert Modality is modality which we interpret but which is not associated with any lexical item in the structure that we are interpreting. This dissertation investigates a class of environments that involves covert modality. Examples of covert modality include wh-infinitival complements, infinitival relative clauses, purpose clauses, the 'have to' construction, and the 'is to' construction (cf. 1): 1a. Tim knows [how to solve the problem]. ("Tim knows how one/he could/should solve the problem.") 1b. Jane found [a book to draw cartoons in] for Sara. ("Jane found a book for Sara one could/should draw cartoons in.") 1c. [The man to fix the sink] is here. ("The man whose purpose is to fix the sink is here.") 1d. Sue went to Torino [to buy a violin]. ("Sue went to Torino so that she could buy a violin.") 1e. Bill has to reach Philadelphia before noon. ("Bill must reach Philadelphia before noon.") 1f. Will is to leave tomorrow. ("Will is scheduled/supposed to leave tomorrow.") The interpretation of (1a-f) involves modality; however, there is no lexical item that seems to be the source of the modality. What (1a-f) have in common is that they involve infinitivals. This book addresses the following questions about covert modality: what is the source of this modality, what are its semantic properties, why are some but not all infinitival relatives modal, and why are all infinitival questions modal? The infinitival [+wh] Complementizer is identified as the source of the covert modality. The apparent variability of the force of this modality is related to the particular semantics of this Complementizer. Infinitival relatives that receive a non-modal interpretation are analyzed as being reduced relatives and thus not involving the infinitival [+wh] Complementizer.

Download or read book Language Typology 1987 written by Winfred P. Lehmann and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These papers from the 1987 Typology Symposium — a follow-up to the 1985 meeting in Moscow — deal with the relevance of typology for historical linguistics. Its application in understanding phonological and grammatical change is examined for a variety of languages. Its relevance for application of the comparative method and the method of internal reconstruction is noted with reference to the glottalic theory and problems in other language families. Among the several approaches, alignment typology is especially examined, with languages defined as accusative, ergative or stative-active an approach to which linguists of the USSR have made important contributions in recent years.Among specific problems examined are tonogenesis in Na-Dene, the origin of the genitive in ergative languages, and relative pronouns of Indo-European languages in the context of the Eurasiatic hypothesis. Along with changes in other languages (like those of East and Southeast Asia), these problems are discussed in an effort to determine general and specific tendencies in language change, and to contribute towards the development of diachronic typology.

Download or read book The Development of Second Language Grammars written by Elaine C. Klein and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1999-05-15 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a collection of state-of-the-art papers in generative studies of second language (L2) acquisition bringing together an unusually broad range of interests and inquiry. Selected papers report on controlled experimental studies within specific areas of research investigating the development of L2 grammars; others formulate exciting new proposals for methodology and learnability in both first and second language acquisition. Following an introduction which argues for new research strategies that focus on the process of acquisition along with its product, the book is divided into two sections: Current Perspectives includes compelling new work on the development of functional categories within a parameter-setting model of L2 acquisition; the second section, New Directions, introduces research and discussion on topics which reflect the latest developments in the field, including syntax-semantics correspondences, L2 processing research, code-switching from a UG perspective, and applications of Chomsky’s (1995) Minimalist Program to second language acquisition studies.

Download or read book Modality Across Syntactic Categories written by Ana Arregui and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the linguistic expression of modality in natural language from a cross-linguistic perspective. Modal expressions provide the basic tools that allow us to dissociate what we say from what is actually going on, allowing us to talk about what might happen or might have happened, as well as what is required, desirable, or permitted. Chapters in the book demonstrate that modality involves many more syntactic categories and levels of syntactic structure than traditionally assumed. The volume distinguishes between three types of modality: 'low modality', which concerns modal interpretations associated with the verbal and nominal cartographies in syntax; 'middle modality', or modal interpretation associated with the syntactic cartography internal to the clause; and 'high modality', relating to the left periphery. It combines cross-linguistic discussions of the more widely studied sources of modality with analyses of novel or unexpected sources, and shows how the meanings associated with the three types of modality are realized across a wide range of languages.

Download or read book Tense Aspect Modality and Evidentiality written by Dalila Ayoun and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2018-08-15 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After an introductory chapter that provides an overview to theoretical issues in tense, aspect, modality and evidentiality, this volume presents a variety of original contributions that are firmly empirically-grounded based on elicited or corpus data, while adopting different theoretical frameworks. Thus, some chapters rely on large diachronic corpora and provide new qualitative insight on the evolution of TAM systems through quantitative methods, while others carry out a collostructional analysis of past-tensed verbs using inferential statistics to explore the lexical grammar of verbs. A common goal is to uncover semantic regularities and variation in the TAM systems of the languages under study by taking a close look at context. Such a fine-grained approach contributes to our understanding of the TAM systems from a typological perspective. The focus on well-known Indo-European languages (e.g. French, German, English, Spanish) and also on less commonly studied languages (e.g. Hungarian, Estonian, Avar, Andi, Tagalog) provides a valuable cross-linguistic perspective.

Download or read book Modality Aspect and Negation in Persian written by Azita H. Taleghani and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2008-06-26 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph presents a morpho-syntactic investigation on modality, aspect, and negation by concentrating on Persian, and is designed to contribute to theoretical linguistics and the study of Iranian languages. The analysis is based on the Minimalist program. This research challenges the idea that the syntactic structure maps on the semantic interpretation or vice versa. The discussion presented in this monograph shows that the syntactic structure of Persian modals is uniform no matter if the modals are interpreted as having root or epistemic readings. Although it is claimed that modals are raising constructions in different languages, modals in Persian, which does not have subject-raising constructions, show a different syntactic behavior. Furthermore, the structural analysis of the interaction of Persian modals and negation shows that because of the scope interaction of negation and modals, the syntactic structure of modals with respect to negation mostly corresponds to the semantic interpretation of modals.