Download or read book Mod lisation indexation et recherche de documents structur s written by Franck Fourel and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les systèmes actuels de recherche de documents électroniques, que ce soit des systèmes de gestion de bases de données ou des systèmes de recherche d'informations, n'exploitent pas suffisament la richesse des documents. Les uns n'analysent pas le contenu du document et se laissent diriger par la structure du document alors que les autres délaissent l'aspect structurel en s'appuyant sur des méthodes trop peu adaptées aux nouvelles caractéristiques de ces documents. Le but de notre travail, situé à l'intersection de ces deux types de systèmes, est de réconcilier les différentes modalités d'accès aux documents électroniques et de rendre accessible tout document ou toute partie de documents qui peut résoudre le problème d'informations d'un utilisateur. Notre travail comporte plusieurs phases: la définition de modèles de représentation des documents structurés ainsi que de leurs composantes monomédias et multimédias (texte et image fixe) et la mise en place d'un processus d'indexation structurelle support du processus d'interrogation. Le modèle de représentation des documents structurés s'articule autour de trois relations de structure que nous avons particulièrement identifiées dans les documents textuels : la relation de composition, la relation de séquence et la relation de référence. Elles établissent l'organisation syntaxique des parties des documents, appelées éléments de structure, qui comme nous le montrons, possède une organisation duale, la structure sémantique. Nous exploitons les caractéristiques de cette dernière pour définir des propriétés sur les descripteurs des éléments de structure. Ces propriétés sont formalisées dans la notion de portées des attributs et dans la classification des attributs qui s'en suit. Pour chaque attribut d'un élément de structure, sa portée indique quels sont les autres éléments concernés par l'attribut et par sa valeur. C'est en suivant les relations de structure que nous retrouvons les éléments concernés, puis nous leur assignons un attribut et une valeur dépendante de la valeur de l'attribut de l'élément qui est à la source de l'information. L'application des portées fournit une représentation du document au sein de laquelle les informations, si elles ne sont pas modifiées, sont mieux réparties et pour laquelle la plupart des informations sont explicitées pour chaque élément de structure et sont rendues dépendantes les unes des autres. Le processus d'interrogation utilise ces dépendances pour retrouver le ou les éléments de structure pertinents d'un document. Nous avons validé ce travail par le développement du prototype my Personal Daily News qui permet d'interroger des quotidiens d'informations en mêlant dans les requêtes des critères structurels et des critères de contenu. Nous montrons ainsi que notre approche rend des éléments accessibles et augmente la flexibilité d'interrogation en autorisant une connaissance imparfaite de la structure des documents

Download or read book The Structuring of Organizations written by Henry Mintzberg and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesizes the empirical literature on organizationalstructuring to answer the question of how organizations structure themselves --how they resolve needed coordination and division of labor. Organizationalstructuring is defined as the sum total of the ways in which an organizationdivides and coordinates its labor into distinct tasks. Further analysis of theresearch literature is neededin order to builda conceptualframework that will fill in the significant gap left by not connecting adescription of structure to its context: how an organization actuallyfunctions. The results of the synthesis are five basic configurations (the SimpleStructure, the Machine Bureaucracy, the Professional Bureaucracy, theDivisionalized Form, and the Adhocracy) that serve as the fundamental elementsof structure in an organization. Five basic parts of the contemporaryorganization (the operating core, the strategic apex, the middle line, thetechnostructure, and the support staff), and five theories of how it functions(i.e., as a system characterized by formal authority, regulated flows, informalcommunication, work constellations, and ad hoc decision processes) aretheorized. Organizations function in complex and varying ways, due to differing flows -including flows of authority, work material, information, and decisionprocesses. These flows depend on the age, size, and environment of theorganization; additionally, technology plays a key role because of itsimportance in structuring the operating core. Finally, design parameters aredescribed - based on the above five basic parts and five theories - that areused as a means of coordination and division of labor in designingorganizational structures, in order to establish stable patterns of behavior.(CJC).

Download or read book Laboratory Life written by Bruno Latour and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-04 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly original work presents laboratory science in a deliberately skeptical way: as an anthropological approach to the culture of the scientist. Drawing on recent work in literary criticism, the authors study how the social world of the laboratory produces papers and other "texts,"' and how the scientific vision of reality becomes that set of statements considered, for the time being, too expensive to change. The book is based on field work done by Bruno Latour in Roger Guillemin's laboratory at the Salk Institute and provides an important link between the sociology of modern sciences and laboratory studies in the history of science.

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cover Crops in West Africa written by International Development Research Centre (Canada) and published by IDRC. This book was released on 1998 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover Crops in West Africa Contributing to Sustainable Agriculture

Download or read book Microlog Canadian Research Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An indexing, abstracting and document delivery service that covers current Canadian report literature of reference value from government and institutional sources.

Download or read book A Guide to the Preventive Conservation of Photograph Collections written by Bertrand Lavédrine and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A resource for the photographic conservator, conservation scientist, curator, as well as professional collector, this volume synthesizes both the masses of research that has been completed to date and the international standards that have been established on the subject.

Download or read book PASCAL written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Immunoinformatics written by Christian Schönbach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-21 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In contrast to existing books on immunoinformatics, this volume presents a cross-section of immunoinformatics research. The contributions highlight the interdisciplinary nature of the field and how collaborative efforts among bioinformaticians and bench scientists result in innovative strategies for understanding the immune system. Immunoinformatics is ideal for scientists and students in immunology, bioinformatics, microbiology, and many other disciplines.

Download or read book PASCAL thema T205 Information science documentation written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biological Feedback written by Rene Thomas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-09-25 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clearly explaining the logical analysis of biological control phenomena, Biological Feedback answers questions concerning everything from regulation to logic. This rare monograph presents a formal methodology for analyzing the dynamic behavior of complex systems. The easy-to-read text describes a simple logical formalization called "kinetic logic". The reader discovers how this method is used to predict all possible patterns of behavior of which a system is capable. It includes specific conditions required for each pattern. It also explains how to modify an incorrect model in order to account for the observed behavior. The authors give special attention to the two basic types of simple feedback loops: positive and negative. This volume is filled with easy-to-use tables, providing quick reference throughout the book. The subject matter is of great interest to everyone working in molecular genetics and developmental biology. Researchers, immunologists, physical chemists, physicists, electrical engineers, economists, and mathematicians will find this unique text to be an informative, indispensable resource.

Download or read book Qualitative Research Practice written by Jane Ritchie and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2003-02-19 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'An excellent introduction to the theoretical, methodological and practical issues of qualitative research... they deal with issues at all stages in a very direct, clear, systematic and practical manner and thus make the processes involved in qualitative research more transparent' - Nyhedsbrev 'This is a "how to" book on qualitative methods written by people who do qualitative research for a living.... It is likely to become the standard manual on all graduate and undergraduate courses on qualitative methods' - Professor Robert Walker, School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham What exactly is qualitative research? What are the processes involved and what can it deliver as a mode of inquiry? Qualitative research is an exciting blend of scientific investigation and creative discovery. When properly executed, it can bring a unique understanding of people's lives which in turn can be used to deepen our understanding of society. It as a skilled craft used by practitioners and researchers in the 'real world'; this textbook illuminates the possibilities of qualitative research and presents a sequential overview of the process written by those active in the field. Qualitative Research Practice: - Leads the student or researcher through the entire process of qualitative research from beginning to end - moving through design, sampling, data collection, analysis and reporting. - Is written by practising researchers with extensive experience of conducting qualitative research in the arena of social and public policy - contains numerous case studies. - Contains plenty of pedagogical material including chapter summaries, explanation of key concepts, reflective points for seminar discussion and further reading in each chapter - Is structured and applicable for all courses in qualitative research, irrespective of field. Drawn heavily on courses run by the Qualitative Unit at the National Centre for Social Research, this textbook should be recommended reading for students new to qualitative research across the social sciences.

Download or read book Earth Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Documentaci n de la FAO written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Safety Reliability and Risk Management written by Christophe Berenguer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-08-31 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering a wide range of topics on safety, reliability and risk management, the present publication will be of interest to academics and professionals working in a wide range of scientific, industrial and governmental sectors, including: Aeronautics and Aerospace; Chemical and Process Industry; Civil Engineering; Critical Infrastructures; Energy; Information Technology and Telecommunications; Land Transportation; Manufacturing; Maritime Transportation; Mechanical Engineering; Natural Hazards; Nuclear Industry; Offshore Industry; Policy Making and Public Planning.

Download or read book Livestock s Long Shadow written by Henning Steinfeld and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2006 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The assessment builds on the work of the Livestock, Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative"--Pref.