Download or read book Mixed Oxide Fuel Mox Exploitation and Destruction in Power Reactors written by E.R. Merz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MOX fuel, a mixture of weapon-grade plutonium and natural or depleted uranium, may be used to deplete a portion of the world's surplus of weapon-grade plutonium. A number of reactors currently operate in Europe with one-third MOX cores, and others are scheduled to begin using MOX fuels in both Europe and Japan in the near future. While Russia has laboratory-scale MOX fabrication facilities, the technology remains under study. No fuels containing plutonium are used in the U.S. The 25 presentations in this book give an impressive overview of MOX technology. The following issues are covered: an up to date report on the disposition of ex-weapons Pu in Russia; an analysis of safety features of MOX fuel configurations of different reactor concepts and their operating and control measures; an exchange of information on the status of MOX utilisation in existing power plants, the fabrication technology of various MOX fuels and their behaviour in practice; a discussion of the typical national approaches by Russia and the western countries to the utilisation of Pu as MOX fuel; an introduction to new ideas, enhancing the disposition option of MOX fuel exploitation and destruction in existing and future advanced reactor systems; and the identification of common research areas where defined tasks can be initiated in cooperative partnership.
Download or read book Advanced Nuclear Systems Consuming Excess Plutonium written by E.R. Merz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A survey of recent developments in the field of plutonium disposal by the application of advanced nuclear systems, both critical and subcritical. Current national R&D plans are summarized. The actinide-fuelled critical reactors are associated with control problems, since they tend to have a small delayed neutron fraction coupled with a small Doppler effect and a positive void coefficient. Current thinking is turning to accelerator-driven subcritical systems for the transmutation of actinides. The book's conclusion is that the various systems proposed are technically feasible, even though not yet technically mature. The book presents a unique summary and evaluation of all relevant possibilities for burning surplus plutonium, presented by experts from a variety of different disciplines and interests, including the defence establishment. The obvious issue - the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons - is vital, but the matter represents a complex technological challenge that also requires an assessment in economic terms.
Download or read book Materials Science and Fuel Technologies of Uranium and Plutonium Mixed Oxide written by Masato Kato and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-10-17 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials Science and Fuel Technologies of Uranium and Plutonium Mixed Oxide offers a deep understanding of MOX properties for nuclear fuels that will be useful for performance evaluation. It also reviews fuel property simulation technology and an irradiation behavior model required for performance evaluation. Based on research findings, the book investigates various physical property data in order to develop MOX fuel for sodium-cooled fast reactors. It discusses a database of MOX properties, including oxygen potential, melting temperature, the lattice parameter, sound speeds, thermal expansion, thermal diffusivity, oxygen self-diffusion, and chemical diffusion coefficients, that was used to derive a science-based model of MOX properties (Sci-M Pro) for fuel-performance code development. Features: Concisely covers the essential aspects of MOX nuclear fuels. Explores MOX nuclear fuels by systematically evaluating various physical property values using a behavior model. Presents fuel property simulation technology. Considers oxygen potential, the lattice parameter, sound speeds, and oxygen self-diffusion. Discusses melting temperature, thermal expansion, thermal diffusivity, and chemical diffusion coefficients. The book will be useful for researchers and engineers working in the field of nuclear fuels and nuclear materials.
Download or read book Management and Disposition of Excess Weapons Plutonium written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-08-06 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the next decade, many thousands of U.S. and Russian nuclear weapons are slated to be retired as a result of nuclear arms reduction treaties and unilateral pledges. Hundreds of tons of plutonium and highly enriched uranium will no longer be needed for weapons purposes and will pose urgent challenges to international security. This is the supporting volume to a study by the Committee on International Security and Arms Control which dealt with all phases of the management and disposition of these materials. This technical study concentrates on the option for the disposition of plutonium, looking in detail at the different types of reactors in which weapons plutonium could be burned and at the vitrification of plutonium, and comparing them using economic, security and environmental criteria.
Download or read book MOX and MOX with 237Np 241Am Inert Fission Gas Generation Comparison in ATR written by G. S. Chang and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The treatment of spent fuel produced in nuclear power generation is one of the most important issues to both the nuclear community and the general public. One of the viable options to long-term geological disposal of spent fuel is to extract plutonium, minor actinides (MA), and potentially long-lived fission products from the spent fuel and transmute them into short-lived or stable radionuclides in currently operating light-water reactors (LWR), thus reducing the radiological toxicity of the nuclear waste stream. One of the challenges is to demonstrate that the burnup-dependent characteristic differences between Reactor-Grade Mixed Oxide (RG-MOX) fuel and RG-MOX fuel with MA Np-237 and Am 241 are minimal, particularly, the inert gas generation rate, such that the commercial MOX fuel experience base is applicable. Under the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI), developmental fuel specimens in experimental assembly LWR-2 are being tested in the northwest (NW) I-24 irradiation position of the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR). The experiment uses MOX fuel test hardware, and contains capsules with MOX fuel consisting of mixed oxide manufactured fuel using reactor grade plutonium (RG-Pu) and mixed oxide manufactured fuel using RG-Pu with added Np/Am. This study will compare the fuel neutronics depletion characteristics of Case-1 RG-MOX and Case-2 RG-MOX with Np/Am.
Download or read book Disposal of Weapon Plutonium written by E.R. Merz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995-12-31 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Disposal of Weapons Plutonium is a follow-up event to two preceding workshops, each dealing with a special subject within the overall disarmament issue: "Disposition of Weapon Plutonium", sponsored by the NATO Science Committee. The first workshop of this series was held at the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London on 24-25 January 1994, entitled "Managing the Plutonium Surplus, Applications, and Options". Its over all goal was to clarify the current situation with respect to pluto nium characteristics and availability, the technical options for use or disposal, and their main technical, environmental, and economic constraints. In the immediate term, plutonium recovered from dismantled nuclear warheads will have to be stored securely, and under international safeguards if possible. In the intermediate term, the principal alter natives for disposition of this plutonium are: irradiation in mixed oxide (MOX) fuel assemblies in existing commercial light-water reac tors or in specially adapted light-water reactors capable of operation with full cores of MOX fuel .and irradiation in future fast reactors. Another option is to blend plutonium with high-level waste as it is vitrified for final disposal in a geologic repository. In both cases, the high radioactivity of the resulting products provides "self shielding" and prevents separation of plutonium without already developed and available sophisticated technology. The so-called "spent fuel standard" as an effective protection barrier is - quired in either case.
Download or read book Safety Issues Associated with Plutonium Involvement in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by Theodore A. Parish and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The "VOLGA" conferences, hosted in odd-numbered years by the Department of Theoretical and Experimental Reactor Physics of the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI), are some of the most prestigious technical meetings held in Russia. Traditionally, these conferences present the opportunity for reactor physicists from around the world to gather at MEPhI's holiday camp on the banks of the Volga river (near Tver) to exchange ideas and explore innovative concepts related to nuclear power development. In 1997, NATO became involved in the "VOLGA" meetings for the first time by co-sponsoring "VOLGA97" as an advanced research workshop. This workshop broke with tradition a bit in that the venue was moved from MEPhI's holiday camp to a location nearer Moscow. The workshop program was effectively organized in order to cover a broad range of topics relating to the theme of the meeting. Generally, the papers concerned safety related questions associated with utilizing both weapons-grade and reactor-grade plutonium in the nuclear fuel cycle, including facility requirements, licensing issues, proliferation risks, and a variety of advanced concepts for alternative fuel cycles. The program contained a total of ninety-nine papers presented in five days of sessions.
Download or read book Thorium Fuel Cycle written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a critical review of the thorium fuel cycle: potential benefits and challenges in the thorium fuel cycle, mainly based on the latest developments at the front end of the fuel cycle, applying thorium fuel cycle options, and at the back end of the thorium fuel cycle.
Download or read book Intra nodal Study for the Mixed LEU MOX Cores written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One favored method being considered for the disposal of surplus weapons grade plutonium (WGPu) is to burn the WGPu as mixed oxide (MOX) fuel in commercial existing Light Water Reactors (LWRs). Duke Power Company intends to irradiate MOX fuel assemblies in their four Westinghouse pressurized water reactors (PWR). The introduction of MOX fuel into LWRs poses several challenges for the reactor physics analysis. The difference in properties of uranium and plutonium induces neutron energy spectrum difference between the MOX and LEU assemblies, which creates a large thermal flux gradient at the interface between these assemblies. Current methods for predicting the intra-nodal flux distribution have difficulty to model this gradient. This study is focused on improving the fidelity of the core simulator utilized in FORMOSA-P to model mixed LEU-MOX cores. In particular, the nature of challenge in regard to accurately model the LEU-MOX interfaces due to both strong spatial variations of the thermal flux and energy spectra, the later impacting the two-group cross section values, will be assessed. The specific focus is on pin-wise power reconstruction; however, issues related to the nodal solution will also be assessed. To complete the work on pin-wise power reconstruction, there are three ways to improve the prediction accuracy, those being to improve the prediction accuracy of the intra-nodal flux shape, improve the prediction accuracy of the intra-nodal kappa-sigma-fission shape, and to introduce group power form factors. However, since the intra-nodal flux and kappa-sigma-fission both are predicted using results obtained from the nodal solution, the prediction accuracy of the nodal solution for mixed LEU-MOX cores enters. This study is completed by using HELIOS, a transport theory based lattice physics code, and NESTLE, a diffusion theory core simulator. The single assembly (SA) calculation is done by HELIOS to generate the homogenized cross sections, discontinuity factors.
Download or read book Role Of Science In The Third Millennium The Proceedings Of The International Seminar On Nuclear War And Planetary Emergencies 20th Session written by Antonino Zichichi and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996-10-16 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of major reprint articles on one of the most intriguing phenomena in modern physics: the quantum Hall effect. Together with a detailed introduction by the editor, this volume serves as a stimulating and valuable reference for students and research workers in condensed matter physics and for those with a particle physics background. The papers have been chosen with the intention of emphasizing the topological aspects of the quantum Hall effect and its connections with other branches of theoretical physics, such as topological quantum field theories and string theory. The contents include sections on integer effect, fractional effect, effect of global topology, effective theories, edge states and non-Abelian statistics.
Download or read book American Book Publishing Record written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Materials written by D.B. Rao and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear materials have civilian utilization too along with military utilization. The dual nature of the utilization of nuclear materials has organised many problems but has also created several opportunities. The developed or developing nations should try to eliminate the danger of nuclear conflicts from human life and to develop nuclear technologies that work for the welfare of the mankind. This book may have an impact on politicians and policy makers, scientists and technologists, economists and educationists, and advocates and activists.
Download or read book Physics and Fuel Performance of Reactor based Plutonium Disposition written by OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents workshop results which reviewed existing technical information from the civil nuclear power programmes that are beneficial to weapons-grade plutonium disposition.
Download or read book Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 838 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Wastes written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-02-23 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear weapons production and power generation has caused public outcry and political consternation. Nuclear Wastes presents a critical review of some waste management and disposal alternatives to the current national policy of direct disposal of light water reactor spent fuel. The book offers clearcut conclusions for what the nation should do today and what solutions should be explored for tomorrow. The committee examines the currently used "once-through" fuel cycle versus different alternatives of separations and transmutation technology systems, by which hazardous radionuclides are converted to nuclides that are either stable or radioactive with short half-lives. The volume provides detailed findings and conclusions about the status and feasibility of plutonium extraction and more advanced separations technologies, as well as three principal transmutation concepts for commercial reactor spent fuel. The book discusses nuclear proliferation; the U.S. nuclear regulatory structure; issues of health, safety and transportation; the proposed sale of electrical energy as a means of paying for the transmutation system; and other key issues.
Download or read book 4th International Conference on CANDU Fuel written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamental aspects of nuclear reactor fuel elements written by Donald R. Olander and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
