Download or read book Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conductivity in Polymers written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New polymer films were synthesized that are mixed ionic-electronic conductors. Preliminary ion transport measurements have been made on these materials in the reduced state where electronic conductivity is negligible. We also have made preliminary measurements of switching times for these materials. Theoretical studies have been performed ion pairing in insulating and electronically conducting films.

Download or read book Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conductivity in Polymers Progress Report January 1 1990 December 31 1990 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New polymer films were synthesized that are mixed ionic-electronic conductors. Preliminary ion transport measurements have been made on these materials in the reduced state where electronic conductivity is negligible. We also have made preliminary measurements of switching times for these materials. Theoretical studies have been performed ion pairing in insulating and electronically conducting films.

Download or read book Mixed ionic and Electronic Conductivity in Polymers Annual Technical Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim in this portion of the research is to prepare new electroactive films with high ion mobility, and to characterize the transport properties of these materials. The classic conducting polymers, polyacetylene, polythiophene, and polypyrrole have dense structures that prevent rapid redox switching because of the low diffusivity of ions. The objective is to modify the last two polymers with pendant polyethers, which should greatly improve ion transport.

Download or read book Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conductivity in Polymers Progress Report January 1 1991 December 31 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past year, we have made progress in the theory of mixed ionic and electronic conductivity in polymers. On the experimental side, we have prepared polypyrroles with pendant polyethers and studied their conductivity in the reduced state. Theoretical progress was made in the application of Monte Carlo methods to ion motion in polymers.

Download or read book Application for Continuation of Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conductivity in Polymers written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim in this portion of the research is to prepare new electroactive films with high ion mobility, and to characterize the transport properties of these materials. The classic conducting polymers, polyacetylene, polythiophene, and polypyrrole have dense structures that prevent rapid redox switching because of the low diffusivity of ions. The objective is to modify the last two polymers with pendant polyethers, which should greatly improve ion transport.

Download or read book Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conductivity in Polymers Progress Report January 1 1989 December 31 1989 written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conductivity of iodine-containing polymers was investigated and conductivity along polyiodide chains is implicated by the concentration dependence of the conductivity data and spectroscopic measurements. On the theoretical side, entropy based models were developed to describe ion motion in polymers.

Download or read book Structural Control of Mixed Ionic and Electronic Transport in Conducting Polymers written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate), PEDOT:PSS, has been utilized for over two decades as a stable, solution-processable hole conductor. While its hole transport properties have been the subject of intense investigation, recent work has turned to PEDOT:PSS as a mixed ionic/electronic conductor in applications including bioelectronics, energy storage and management, and soft robotics. Conducting polymers can efficiently transport both holes and ions when sufficiently hydrated, however, little is known about the role of morphology on mixed conduction. Here, we show that bulk ionic and electronic mobilities are simultaneously affected by processing-induced changes in nano- and meso-scale structure in PEDOT:PSS films. We quantify domain composition, and find that domain purification on addition of dispersion co-solvents limits ion mobility, even while electronic conductivity improves. We show that an optimal morphology allows for the balanced ionic and electronic transport that is critical for prototypical mixed conductor devices. As a result, these findings may pave the way for the rational design of polymeric materials and processing routes to enhance devices reliant on mixed conduction.

Download or read book Study of Mixed Ionic electronic Conductors MIECS Based on conjugated Liquid Crystals and Block Copolymers written by Ziwei Liu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixed ionic/electronic conductors (MIECs) are materials that conduct both ions and electronic charge carriers simultaneously. Generally, they belong to two distinct families: ceramics and conducting polymers with the latter exhibiting advantages such as easy wet synthesis, low cost processability, biocompatibility and mechanical flexibility over its ceramic counterpart. Conducting polymers, either with single ionic or electronic conductivity, have been extensively studied for their potential applications in energy storage, sensors, and so on. New materials with combined functionalities within the same molecule are expected to form interesting structures and exhibit intriguing properties. Nano/micro-segregation between immiscible components will lead to spatially confined self-assembly with unanticipated synergies including the potential to improve ionic and electronic transport properties. Our goal has been to develop new materials with mixed ionic and electronic conductivity. A systematic study of design, synthesis and characterization of MIECs based on small dimension liquid crystals and large dimension block copolymers has been conducted. First, we synthesized linear structured coil-rod-coil liquid crystals with oligothiphene as a rigid building block for electronic conductivity and ion-doped ethylene oxide units as the flexible ionically-conducting phase. A variety of characterization methods were employed to study the structure and self-assembly behavior of our liquid crystal materials. Simultaneous ionic/electronic transport was for the first time characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with LiTFSI and F4TCNQ as ionic and electronic dopant, respectively. Apart from experiments, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were adopted to guide molecular design and material properties. Based on simulation results, a series of liquid crystals with ternary amphiphilic structures was synthesized and investigated, leading to complex structures and unique charge transport response. We also carried out the synthesis and study of P3HT-b-POEM rod-coil block copolymers. Without well-ordered phase separation between the two blocks, the incorporation of LiTFSI to the POEM phase resulted in enhanced molecular order as well as electronic doping of the P3HT block, leading to improved electronic conductivity with retained ionic conductivity. In order to achieve comparable mixed conductivity, a polymer with modified P3HT regioregularity and block ratio was investigated and showed a "crystallinity-conductivity" trade-off. The knowledge gained from those studies offers opportunities for further development of conducting polymers.

Download or read book The Influence of Side Chain Modifications on Transport in Polymeric Mixed Ionic electronic Conductors written by Jonathan William Onorato and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixed ionic/electronic conducting polymers (MIECs) are an important emerging class of materials, with rising interest due to the wide range of applications enabled by their unique properties. Recent research efforts have begun to focus on developing homopolymer-based MIECs by introducing ion-conducting side chains in place of alkyl chains that are more traditional for conjugated polymers. It has been widely shown that side chain variations in conjugated polymers have a significant effect on polymer electronic conduction; however, understanding of the influence of side chain variation for MIEC polymers on both the ionic and electronic conduction for MIECs remains limited, and optimization efforts have been largely Edisonian. This work seeks to expand on the field's understanding of these MIEC materials and the interplay between side chains and ionic conduction, focusing on enabling predictive understanding of their material properties. First, we explore, the influence of the connection for an oligoethylene glycol side chain, either with an oxygen atom directly attached to the polymer backbone, or with a methylene bridge, highlighting the importance of proximity of the oxygen atom to the polymer backbone on ionic conductivity. We follow this with an investigation into varying the concentration and position of oxygen atoms of an oligoethylene glycol side chain, highlighting the influence that subtle changes in oxygen atom placement have on the polymer morphology, and polymer interactions with lithium salts.

Download or read book Machine learning assisted Molecular Dynamics of Side chain Chemistry of Polymer with Improved Ionic Conductivity written by Allen Yang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixed ionic/electronic polymer-based conductors(MIECs) are promising materials and have been widely used for a variety of applications in recent years, ranging from energy devices (batteries, fuel cells) to robotics and biomaterials (biosensors, biointerfaces). The design of MIECs involves a combination of multiple targeted properties such as a percolated phase architecture, balanced electronic/ionic conduction, flexibility and mechanical strength. By using a unique chain architecture that couples organic substituents (e.g., polythiolphenes) which are capable of electronic conductivity with ionic conductive hydrophilic blocks (e.g., ionic liquids and polyethylene glycol), the electronic conducting blocks are able to self-assemble into a crystalline structure while the ionic blocks remain amorphous inside percolating channels. Our research centers on designing ionic blocks with improved ionic conductivity within MIEC materials. To evaluate the ionic performance of different side chain chemistry in the ionic blocks, I will adopt a normalized ionic conductivity score. This score is calculated from molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and takes into account not only the ionic mobility and the number of mobile ions, but also the dissociation energy of ion pairs. In the traditional approach to material design, researchers usually synthesize the new materials based on intuition and prior experience. Such an approach, however, is rather inefficient due to the large size of the chemical space and the modest predictive accuracy of material properties based on limited experience. I propose to establish a new design approach that integrates MD and machine learning (ML) to efficiently sample the design space. By combining the advantages of high-throughput screening strategies and the accurate simulation of ionic transport afforded by our MD model, I can largely accelerate the material discovery process.

Download or read book Conductive Polymers and Plastics written by Larry Rupprecht and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1999-12-31 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of papers by individuals in industry and academia on research and application development of conductive polymers and plastics. Conductive plastics are positioned to play an increasingly important role in affairs of mankind, specifically in the area of electrical and electronic conductivity. While general knowledge about conductive polymers and plastics has been available for many years, a true understanding of their application has only taken place in the last 3 to 4 years. This is attributed to advances in materials and processing techniques. Engineers have only begun to explore the design freedom and economic benefits of specifying conductive polymers and plastics in industrial and business applications.This book is a key reference and guide to the use of conductive polymers and plastics. It is a summary of existing technologies, but also a look at future possibilities.

Download or read book Electrical and Optical Polymer Systems written by Donald L. Wise and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-03-27 with total page 1266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Offers background information, methods of characterization, and applications for electrical and optical polymers, including biopolymers, and tutorial sections that explain how to use the techniques."

Download or read book Iontronics written by Janelle Leger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-10-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of organic electronics promises exciting new technologies based on inexpensive and mechanically flexible electronic devices, and is now seeing the beginning of commercial success. On the sidelines of this increasingly well-established field are several emerging technologies with innovative mechanisms and functions that utilize the mixed ionic/electronic conducting character of conjugated organic materials. Iontronics: Ionic Carriers in Organic Electronic Materials and Devices explores the potential of these materials, which can endow electronic devices with unique functionalities. Fundamental science and applications With contributions from a community of experts, the book focuses on the use of ionic functions to define the principle of operation in polymer devices. It begins by reviewing the scientific understanding and important scientific discoveries in the electrochemistry of conjugated polymers. It examines the known effects of ion incorporation, including the theory and modulation of electrochemistry in polymer films, and it explores the coupling of electronic and ionic transport in polymer films. The authors also describe applications that use this technology, including polymer electrochromic devices, artificial muscles, light-emitting electrochemical cells, and biosensors, and they discuss the fundamental technological hurdles in these areas. The changes in materials properties and device characteristics due to ionic conductivity and electrochemical doping in electrically conductive organic materials, as well as the importance of these processes in a number of different and exciting technologies, point to a large untapped potential in the development of new applications and novel device architecture. This volume captures the state of the science in this burgeoning field.

Download or read book Optics of Conducting Polymer Thin Films and Nanostructures written by Shangzhi Chen and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2021-02-19 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intrinsically conducting polymers forms a category of doped conjugated polymers that can conduct electricity. Since their discovery in the late 1970s, they have been widely applied in many fields, ranging from optoelectronic devices to biosensors. The most common type of conducting polymers is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), or PEDOT. PEDOT has been popularly used as electrodes for solar cells or light-emitting diodes, as channels for organic electrochemical transistors, and as p-type legs for organic thermoelectric generators. Although many studies have been dedicated to PEDOT-based materials, there has been a lack of a unified model to describe their optical properties across different spectral ranges. In addition, the interesting optical properties of PEDOT-based materials, benefiting from its semi-metallic character, have only been rarely studied and utilized, and could potentially enable new applications. Plasmonics is a research field focusing on interactions between light and metals, such as the noble metals (gold and silver). It has enabled various opportunities in fundamental photonics as well as practical applications, varying from biosensors to colour displays. This thesis explores highly conducting polymers as alternatives to noble metals and as a new type of active plasmonic materials. Despite high degrees of microstructural disorder, conducting polymers can possess electrical conductivity approaching that of poor metals, with particularly high conductivity for PEDOT deposited via vapour phase polymerization (VPP). In this thesis, we systematically studied the optical and structural properties of VPP PEDOT thin films and their nanostructures for plasmonics and other optical applications. We employed ultra-wide spectral range ellipsometry to characterize thin VPP PEDOT films and proposed an anisotropic Drude-Lorentz model to describe their optical conductivity, covering the ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and terahertz ranges. Based on this model, PEDOT doped with tosylate (PEDOT:Tos) presented negative real permittivity in the near infrared range. While this indicated optical metallic character, the material also showed comparably large imaginary permittivity and associated losses. To better understand the VPP process, we carefully examined films with a collection of microstructural and spectroscopic characterization methods and found a vertical layer stratification in these polymer films. We unveiled the cause as related to unbalanced transport of polymerization precursors. By selection of suitable counterions, e.g., trifluoromethane sulfonate (OTf), and optimization of reaction conditions, we were able to obtain PEDOT films with electrical conductivity exceeding 5000 S/cm. In the near infrared range from 1 to 5 µm, these PEDOT:OTf films provided a well-defined plasmonic regime, characterized by negative real permittivity and lower magnitude imaginary component. Using a colloidal lithography-based approach, we managed to fabricate nanodisks of PEDOT:OTf and showed that they exhibited clear plasmonic absorption features. The experimental results matched theoretical calculations and numerical simulations. Benefiting from their mixed ionic-electronic conducting characters, such organic plasmonic materials possess redox-tunable properties that make them promising as tuneable optical nanoantennas for spatiotemporally dynamic systems. Finally, we presented a low-cost and efficient method to create structural colour surfaces and images based on UV-treated PEDOT films on metallic mirrors. The concept generates beautiful and vivid colours through-out the visible range utilizing a synergistic effect of simultaneously modulating polymer absorption and film thickness. The simplicity of the device structure, facile fabrication process, and tunability make this proof-of-concept device a potential candidate for future low-cost backlight-free displays and labels.

Download or read book Organic Mixed Ionic Electronic Conductors for Electrochemical Devices written by Siew Ting Melissa Tan and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of wearable devices for continuous health monitoring of biomarkers requires materials that are mechanically compliant, biocompatible, and are sensitive to biochemical molecules. One class of materials that show promise are Organic Mixed Ionic Electronic Conductors (OMIECs), commonly semiconducting polymers, which are redox-active and can simultaneously conduct ions and electrons. Electronic charges accumulated on the conjugated polymer backbone result in secondary property changes in electrochemical potential and electronic conductivity, allowing OMIECs to be implemented in a variety of devices such as chemical sensors, organic electrochemical transistors, and energy storage electrodes. Additionally, the mechanical flexibility and biocompatibility of these polymers enable conformable and seamless integration with biological interfaces, enabling bio-interfacing devices for continuous health monitoring. My PhD research investigates how OMIECs can be designed, characterized, and implemented in 1) polymer-based batteries for energy storage, 2) electrochemical sensors for the detection of biological analytes, 3) organic electrochemical transistors that amplify biosensing signals, and 4) tunable antennas for wireless signal transmission in microwave frequencies compatible with consumer electronics. Leveraging fundamental materials characterization to drive the understanding of device physics, these OMIEC-based technologies are integrated into a fully self-powered and wireless glucose sensor.

Download or read book Understanding Ion Injection and Transport in Mixed Ionic electronic Conductors written by Lucas Quinn Flagg and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials with the ability to conduct both ionic and electronic charge have found a number of new applications recently with real potential to change the world. Each of these applications has its own design requirements, however all of these rely on the ability of the polymer to conduct ions throughout the bulk of the film. In order to expand these capabilities, deeper understanding of what affects ion injection and transport is required. Specifically, the role of the electrolyte, polymer, and processing conditions all play a role. Here we specifically isolate these effects to develop a deeper understanding of what factors control ion injection and transport in conjugated polymer mixed electronic/ionic conductors. Specifically, we show that larger, more polarizable anions are able to enter hydrophobic polymers films at a lower potential, to a greater extent, and faster. Next, we investigate the role of the polymer side-chain and find that polar side chains enhance ion uptake. Additionally, we show the polymer morphology affects performance in different ways than it does in dry films, suggesting the need for new design rules. Finally, we show in certain cases the charge compensation process is cation dependent as well. Together these studies help develop our understanding of ion injection into semiconducting polymers.

Download or read book High Conductivity Solid Ionic Conductors Recent Trends And Applications written by Takehiko Takahashi and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1989-05-01 with total page 691 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the history and future views of high conductivity solid ionic conductors, ionic transport theories in solids, relations between structures and ionic transport in solid ionic and ionic electronic mixed conductors.