Download or read book Mitochondrial Genetics and Epigenetics written by Caterina Garone and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-15 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Download or read book Epigenetic Regulation and Epigenomics written by Robert A. Meyers and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-10-02 with total page 1259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics is a term in biology referring to heritable traits that do not involve changes in the underlying DNA sequence of the organism. Epigenetic traits exist on top of or in addition to the traditional molecular basis for inheritance. The "epigenome" is a parallel to the word "genome," and refers to the overall epigenetic state of a cell. Cancer and stem cell research have gradually focused attention on these genome modifications. The molecular basis of epigenetics involves modifications to DNA and the chromatin proteins that associate with it. Methylation, for example, can silence a nearby gene and seems to be involved in some cancers. Epigenetics is beginning to form and take shape as a new scientific discipline, which will have a major impact on Medicine and essentially all fields of biology. Increasingly, researchers are unearthing links between epigenetics and a number of diseases. Although in recent years cancer has been the main focus of epigenetics, recent data suggests that epigenetic plays a critical role in psychology and psychopathology. It is being realized that normal behaviors such as maternal care and pathologies such as Schizophrenia and Alzheimer's might have an epigenetic basis. It is also becoming clear that nutrition and life experiences have epigenetic consequences. Discover more online content in the Encyclopedia of Molecular Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine.

Download or read book The Human Mitochondrial Genome written by Giuseppe Gasparre and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-07-23 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Human Mitochondrial Genome: From Basic Biology to Disease offers a comprehensive, up-to-date examination of human mitochondrial genomics, connecting basic research to translational medicine across a range of disease types. Here, international experts discuss the essential biology of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), including its maintenance, repair, segregation, and heredity. Furthermore, mtDNA evolution and exploitation, mutations, methods, and models for functional studies of mtDNA are dealt with. Disease discussion is accompanied by approaches for treatment strategies, with disease areas discussed including cancer, neurodegenerative, age-related, mtDNA depletion, deletion, and point mutation diseases. Nucleosides supplementation, mitoTALENs, and mitoZNF nucleases are among the therapeutic approaches examined in-depth. With increasing funding for mtDNA studies, many clinicians and clinician scientists are turning their attention to mtDNA disease association. This book provides the tools and background knowledge required to perform new, impactful research in this exciting space, from distinguishing a haplogroup-defining variant or disease-related mutation to exploring emerging therapeutic pathways. Fully examines recent advances and technological innovations in the field, enabling new mtDNA studies, variant and mutation identification, pathogenic assessment, and therapies Disease discussion accompanied by diagnostic and therapeutic strategies currently implemented clinically Outlines and discusses essential research protocols and perspectives for young scientists to pick up Features an international team of authoritative contributors from basic biologists to clinician-scientists

Download or read book Mitochondrial DNA and Diseases written by Hongzhi Sun and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-25 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes molecular principles and mechanisms by which mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can drive the occurrence of diseases and the latest understanding of mtDNA biology. The book explores roles of mtDNA mutation and genetic changes in cancer, with a special focus on lung cancer, and the significance of approach, application, and bioethics of mtDNA sequencing. Authors made a great effort to overview roles of mtDNA signaling pathways, base excision repair, methylation, USP30-mediated regulation, mitochondrial ribosome, autophagy pathways, or ROS-dependent signaling in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases. It also demonstrates the importance of basic mitochondrial genetics and the relationship between mutations and disease phenotypes and ageing. This book covers not only the basic information of mtDNA, the relationship of mtDNA and disease, but also mtDNA in stem cell and mitochondria and metabolism etc. The book is written for biological and clinical students and researchers in the field of mtDNA–associated diseases.

Download or read book Mitochondrial Gene Expression written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mitochondrial Genome Evolution written by Laurence Marechal-Drouard and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-10-03 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Botanical Research publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in plant sciences. Features a wide range of reviews by recognized experts on all aspects of plant genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, physiology and ecology. This thematic volume features reviews on Mitochondrial genome evolution. Publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in plant sciences Features a wide range of reviews by recognized experts on all aspects of plant genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, physiology and ecology This thematic volume features reviews on mitochondrial genome evolution

Download or read book The Effect of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase on the Epigenetics of Human Mitochondrial DNA written by John Andrew Strang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aberrant metabolism has become an increasingly interesting area of cancer biology. In many cancers including lower grade glioma, glioblastomas and some leukemias, a mutation in the metabolic enzyme Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH), has been found in more than 70% of cases and has been shown to lead to a distinct hypermethylator phenotype. IDH commonly converts isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate in normal cell metabolism. Three isoforms of this enzyme are found in humans: IDH1, IDH2 and IDH3. Studies on IDH1, the cytosolic isoform, have revealed that mutations in the enzyme's binding site lead to a novel gain of function: the synthesis of an oncogenic metabolite, 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). 2HG competitively inhibits alpha-ketoglutarate dependent enzymes such as the TET 5-methylcytosine (5mC) oxygenases and histone demethylases. These oxygenases are responsible for the hydroxymethylation (5hmC) of cytosine residues, ultimately leading to demethylation and gene re-expression. Thus, mutant IDH may lead to an elevation in 5mC levels producing the hypermethylator phenotype described. A similar gain-of-function mutation in IDH2, the mitochondrial isoform of IDH1, has been associated with leukemias and gliomas lacking IDH1 mutations. Mutations in IDH1, IDH2 and TET2 are mutually exclusive, and each yields a similar hypermethylator phenotype. IDH2, along with IDH3, is primarily involved in the TCA cycle and energy production for the cell. Recently, the Taylor lab has uncovered evidence of 5mC and 5hmC residues in mitochondrial DNA, established and maintained by mtDNMT1 and TET2. Changing levels of mtDNMT1 appears to alter the patterns and levels of mtDNA transcription from the mitochondrial genome. We hypothesized that mutant IDH would produce a similar effect on the mitochondrial genome as that found in the nuclear genome and result in a decrease in the level of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, as well as a subsequent increase in the level of 5-methylcytosine caused by the competitive inhibition of the TET enzymes by 2-hydroxyglutarate accumulation. Using molecular biology techniques such as Western blots and MeDIP (methylated DNA immunoprecipitation) I aim to uncover the role of IDH mutation on mitochondrial DNA methylation and its effect on energy production in mammalian cells.

Download or read book Blinded by Science written by Wastell, David and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2017-03-15 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There's no hotter area of science, at least as far as the general media and laypeople are concerned, than neuroscience--every day we hear of dramatic, surprising discoveries that seem to have the potential to utterly change our understanding of how the mind works. This book offers the first thorough review of such claims and the new biological science behind them. It examines the actual and potential applications of neuroscience within social policy and the impact of neuroscientific discoveries on long-standing moral debates and professional practices throughout social work, mental health practice, and criminal justice.

Download or read book Introduction to Epigenetics written by Renato Paro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease

Download or read book Mitochondrial Dysfunction written by Lawrence H. Lash and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods in Toxicology, Volume 2: Mitochondrial Dysfunction provides a source of methods, techniques, and experimental approaches for studying the role of abnormal mitochondrial function in cell injury. The book discusses the methods for the preparation and basic functional assessment of mitochondria from liver, kidney, muscle, and brain; the methods for assessing mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo and in intact organs; and the structural aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction are addressed. The text also describes chemical detoxification and metabolism as well as specific metabolic reactions that are especially important targets or indicators of damage. The methods for measurement of alterations in fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism and for the analysis and manipulation of oxidative injury and antioxidant systems are also considered. The book further tackles additional methods on mitochondrial energetics and transport processes; approaches for assessing impaired function of mitochondria; and genetic and developmental aspects of mitochondrial disease and toxicology. The text also looks into mitochondrial DNA synthesis, covalent binding to mitochondrial DNA, DNA repair, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of developing individuals and cellular differentiation. Microbiologists, toxicologists, biochemists, and molecular pharmacologists will find the book invaluable.

Download or read book Environmental Epigenetics written by L. Joseph Su and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-18 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the toxicological and health implications of environmental epigenetics and provides knowledge through an interdisciplinary approach. Included in this volume are chapters outlining various environmental risk factors such as phthalates and dietary components, life states such as pregnancy and ageing, hormonal and metabolic considerations and specific disease risks such as cancer cardiovascular diseases and other non-communicable diseases. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses.

Download or read book Human Mitochondrial DNA and the Evolution of Homo sapiens written by Hans-Jürgen Bandelt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-05 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondrial DNA is one of the most closely explored genetic systems, because it can tell us so much about the human past. This book takes a unique perspective, presenting the disparate strands that must be tied together to exploit this system. From molecular biology to anthropology, statistics to ancient DNA, this first volume of three presents a comprehensive global picture and a critical appraisal of human mitochondrial DNA variation.

Download or read book Hormones and Epigenetics written by Gerald Litwack and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-03 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hormones and Epigenetics, Volume 122, the latest release in the Vitamins and Hormones series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting timely, interesting chapters written by an international board of authors.

Download or read book Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Genetics written by Giuseppe Attardi and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for forty years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerlyawaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. More than 250 volumes have been published (all of them still in print) and much of the material is relevant even today--truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences. Key Features * Structural and functional analysis of oxidative phosphorylation complexes * Import of proteins and RNA into mitochondria * Ion and metabolite transport systems in mitochondria * Biophysical methods for mitochondrial function analysis * Mitochondrial inheritance and turnover.

Download or read book The Genetic Basis of Sleep and Sleep Disorders written by Paul Shaw and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-10-24 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive book on the subject, The Genetic Basis of Sleep and Sleep Disorders covers detailed reviews of the general principles of genetics and genetic techniques in the study of sleep and sleep disorders. The book contains sections on the genetics of circadian rhythms, of normal sleep and wake states and of sleep homeostasis. There are also sections discussing the role of genetics in the understanding of insomnias, hypersomnias including narcolepsy, parasomnias and sleep-related movement disorders. The final chapter highlights the use of gene therapy in sleep disorders. Written by genetic experts and sleep specialists from around the world, the book is up to date and geared specifically to the needs of both researchers and clinicians with an interest in sleep medicine. This book will be an invaluable resource for sleep specialists, neurologists, geneticists, psychiatrists and psychologists.

Download or read book Medical and Health Genomics written by Dhavendra Kumar and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-06-04 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical and Health Genomics provides concise and evidence-based technical and practical information on the applied and translational aspects of genome sciences and the technologies related to non-clinical medicine and public health. Coverage is based on evolving paradigms of genomic medicine—in particular, the relation to public and population health genomics now being rapidly incorporated in health management and administration, with further implications for clinical population and disease management. Provides extensive coverage of the emergent field of health genomics and its huge relevance to healthcare management Presents user-friendly language accompanied by explanatory diagrams, figures, and many references for further study Covers the applied, but non-clinical, sciences across disease discovery, genetic analysis, genetic screening, and prevention and management Details the impact of clinical genomics across a diverse array of public and community health issues, and within a variety of global healthcare systems

Download or read book Advances in Mitochondrial Medicine written by Roberto Scatena and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-08 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondria are far more than the “powerhouse” of the cell as they have classically been described. In fact, mitochondria biological activities have progressively expanded to include not only various bioenergetic processes but also important biosynthetic pathways, calcium homeostasis and thermogenesis, cell death by apoptosis, several different signal transduction pathways mainly related to redox control of gene expression and so on. This functional and structural complexity may undergo important derangements so to justify the definition of ‘mitochondrial medicine’, which should include all the clinical consequences of congenital or acquired mitochondrial dysfunctions. There are actually a growing number of studies which assign a significant pathogenic role to damaged mitochondria in different diseases: ischemia/reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer with its dramatic sequelae (i.e, metastasis), metabolic syndrome, hyperlipidemias, just to mention a few of the most important pathologies. In this context, a further aspect that should not be disregarded is the interaction of pharmacological agents with mitochondria, not only in regard of the toxicological aspects but, above all, of the potential therapeutic applications. In fact, it is interesting to note that, while the properties of different so-called “mitoxicants” are well-known, the subtle linkages between drugs and mitochondria is still in need of a real pharmacological and therapeutic control at the clinical level. This lack of consideration can often lead to an underestimation of unwanted toxic effects but also of desirable therapeutic activities. A reevaluation of the potential clinical role of mitochondria could give a new light on some yet obscure aspects of human pathophysiology.