Download or read book Mirror and Grating Surface Figure Requirements for Grazing Incidence Synchrotron Radiation Beamlines written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At present, grazing incidence mirrors are used almost exclusively as the first optical element in VUV and soft x-ray synchrotron radiation beamlines. The performance of these mirrors is determined by thermal and mechanical stress-induced figure errors as well as by figure errors remaining from the grinding and polishing process. With the advent of VUV and soft x-ray undulators and wigglers has come a new set of thermal stress problems related to both the magnitude and the spatial distribution of power from these devices. In many cases the power load on the entrance slits and gratings in these beamlines is no longer negligible. The dependence of thermally-induced front-end mirror figure errors on various storage ring and insertion device parameters (especially those at the National Synchrotron Light Source) and the effects of these figure errors on two classes of soft x-ray beamlines are presented.

Download or read book Mirror and Grating Surface Figure Requirements for Grazing Incidence Synchrotron Radiation Beamlines written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Figure and Finish of Grazing Incidence Mirrors written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Great improvement has been made in the past several years in the quality of optical components used in synchrotron radiation (SR) beamlines. Most of this progress has been the result of vastly improved metrology techniques and instrumentation permitting rapid and accurate measurement of the surface finish and figure on grazing incidence optics. A significant theoretical effort has linked the actual performance of components used as x-ray wavelengths to their topological properties as measured by surface profiling instruments. Next-generation advanced light sources will require optical components and systems to have sub-arc second surface figure tolerances. This paper will explore the consequences of these requirements in terms of manufacturing tolerances to see if the present manufacturing state-of-the-art is capable of producing the required surfaces. 15 refs., 14 figs., 2 tabs.

Download or read book Grazing Incidence Optics for Astronomical and Laboratory Applications written by Stuart C. Bowyer and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of Highly Polished Grazing Incidence Mirrors for Synchrotron Radiation Beam Lines at SSRL written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New platinum-coated grazing incidence mirrors with low surface roughnesses have been developed to focus bending magnet radiation from the SSRL/SLAC SPEAR storage ring on the entrance slits of two Beam Line VIII grating monochromators. The first mirror in the toroidal grating monochromator (TGM) branch is a cooled SiC cylinder capable of absorbing synchrotron radiation power levels of up to 260 watts without excessive distortion. This mirror deflects the beam vertically through a 12° angle and focuses it sagitally on the TGM entrance slit plane. The second TGM optical element is a fused-silica spherical mirror with a large radius of curvature that deflects the beam vertically through an additional 12° and focuses it tangentially with 3/1 demagnification. The first mirror in our spherical grating branch is a 5/degree/-vertically deflecting, cooled SiC toroid designed to focus tangentially on the monochromator entrance slits and sagitally in the exit slits. A 4/degree/-deflecting fused silica mirror is used after the exit sites in each beam line to refocus on to the sample. For this application a thin cylinder is bent to approximate an ellipsoid. The mirrors are now installed at SSRL and performance measurements are planned. Qualitatively the focus of the TGM optics at the entrance slit plane appears very good. In this paper we discuss considerations leading to the choice of SiC for each of the two first mirrors. We present highlights of the development of these mirrors with some emphasis on SiC polishing techniques. In addition, the specialized metrology developed to produce the more difficult figure of the toroid will be described. Measured surface roughness and figure results will be presented. 19 refs., 11 figs.

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Materials Manufacturing and Measurement for Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors written by Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 1997 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modern Techniques for Circular Dichroism and Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy written by Bonnie Ann Wallace and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents an account of circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and its application to structural biology. This book covers the methods of synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) and linear dichroism (LD).

Download or read book Gratings Mirrors and Slits written by WB Peatman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended to provide scientists and engineers at synchrotron radiation facilities with a sound and convenient basis for designing beamlines for monochromatic soft x-ray radiation, this text will also be helpful to the users of synchrotron radiation who want to help ensure that beamlines being built are optimized for the experiments to be performed on them. The primary purpose of a beamline is to capture as much of the light of the source as possible and then to transfer the desired portion of that light as completely as possible to the experiment. With the development of dedicated, brilliant synchrotron radiation sources, the first half of the task has been greatly simplified. The beamline designer must contend with the second half of the problem -- conserving the brilliance of the source through an optical system which monochromatizes and focuses the radiation.

Download or read book X Ray Spectroscopy with Synchrotron Radiation written by Stephen P. Cramer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-19 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synchrotron radiation has been a revolutionary and invaluable research tool for a wide range of scientists, including chemists, biologists, physicists, materials scientists, geophysicists. It has also found multidisciplinary applications with problems ranging from archeology through cultural heritage to paleontology. The subject of this book is x-ray spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation, and the target audience is both current and potential users of synchrotron facilities. The first half of the book introduces readers to the fundamentals of storage ring operations, the qualities of the synchrotron radiation produced, the x-ray optics required to transport this radiation, and the detectors used for measurements. The second half of the book describes the important spectroscopic techniques that use synchrotron x-rays, including chapters on x-ray absorption, x-ray fluorescence, resonant and non-resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, nuclear spectroscopies, and x-ray photoemission. A final chapter surveys the exciting developments of free electron laser sources, which promise a second revolution in x-ray science. Thanks to the detailed descriptions in the book, prospective users will be able to quickly begin working with these techniques. Experienced users will find useful summaries, key equations, and exhaustive references to key papers in the field, as well as outlines of the historical developments in the field. Along with plentiful illustrations, this work includes access to supplemental Mathematica notebooks, which can be used for some of the more complex calculations and as a teaching aid. This book should appeal to graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and senior scientists alike.

Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation written by Jan-Erik Rubensson and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2016-08-01 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synchrotron radiation is the name given to the radiation which occurs when charged particles are accelerated in a curved path or orbit. Classically, any charged particle which moves in a curved path or is accelerated in a straight-line path will emit electromagnetic radiation. Various names are given to this radiation in different contexts. Thus circular particle accelerators are called synchrotrons, this is where charged particles are accelerated to very high speeds and the radiation is referred to as synchrotron radiation. Suitable for a summer short course or one term lecture series this text introduces the subject, starting with some historical background then covering basic concepts such as flux, intensity, brilliance, emittance and Liouville's theorem. The book then covers the properties of synchrotron radiation, insertion devices, beamlines and monochromators before finishing with an introduction to free electron lasers and an overview of the most common techniques and applications of this technology.

Download or read book Mirror and Grating Suface Figure Requirements for Grasing Incidence Synchrotron Radiation Beamlines written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gratings and Grating Monochromators for Synchrotron Radiation written by Wayne R. McKinney and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 1997 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book X ray Microscopy written by Chris Jacobsen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-12-19 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a pioneer in the field, this text provides a complete introduction to X-ray microscopy, providing all of the technical background required to use, understand and even develop X-ray microscopes. Starting from the basics of X-ray physics and focusing optics, it goes on to cover imaging theory, tomography, chemical and elemental analysis, lensless imaging, computational methods, instrumentation, radiation damage, and cryomicroscopy, and includes a survey of recent scientific applications. Designed as a 'one-stop' text, it provides a unified notation, and shows how computational methods in different areas are linked with one another. Including numerous derivations, and illustrated with dozens of examples throughout, this is an essential text for academics and practitioners across engineering, the physical sciences and the life sciences who use X-ray microscopy to analyze their specimens, as well as those taking courses in X-ray microscopy.

Download or read book Polymer Surface Characterization written by Luigia Sabbatini and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-01-19 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fully updated edition provides a broad approach to the surface analysis of polymers being of high technological interest. Modern analytical techniques, potential applications and recent advances in instrumental apparatus are discussed. The self-consistent chapters are devoted to spectroscopic and microscopic techniques which represent powerful tools for the characterization of morphology and chemical, physical, mechanical properties of polymer surfaces, interfaces, and thin fi lms. Selection of techniques which can properly address very shallow depth of surfaces, spanning from few angstroms to tens of nanometers Interaction of polymer surfaces with their surroundings is pointed out as a critical issue for specifi c applications

Download or read book Development of Metrology Instruments for Grazing Incidence Mirrors written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effective utilization of synchrotron radiation (SR) from high-brightness sources requires the use of optical components with very smooth surfaces and extremely precise shapes. Most manufacturers are not capable of measuring the figure and finish quality of the aspheric optics required for use in grazing incidence beam lines. Over the past several years we have developed measurement techniques and metrology instrumentation that have allowed us to measure the surface profile and roughness of large cylinder optics, up to one meter in length. Based on our measurements and feedback, manufacturers have been able to advance the state-of-the-art in mirror fabrication and are now able to produce acceptable components. Our analysis techniques enable designers to write meaningful specifications and predict the performance of real surfaces in their particular beamline configurations. Commercial instruments are now available for measuring surface microroughness with spatial periods smaller than about one millimeter. No commercial instruments are available for measuring the surface figure on cylindrical aspheres over long spatial periods, from one millimeter up to one meter. For that reason we developed a Long Trace Profiler (LTP) that measures surface profile over the long period range in a non-contact manner to extremely high accuracy. Examples of measured surfaces and data analysis techniques will be discussed, and limitations on the quality of optical surfaces related to intrinsic material properties will also be discussed. 15 refs., 14 figs., 2 tabs.

Download or read book Theory and Practice of Surface relief Diffraction Gratings written by Wayne R. McKinney and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 1998 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: