Download or read book Microwaves and Thermoregulation written by Eleanor Adair and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microwaves and Thermoregulation emerged from a symposium hosted by the John B. Pierce Foundation at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, on October 26-27, 1981. The event brought together engineers, physical scientists, physiologists, and psychologists to discuss the ways in which nonionizing electromagnetic radiation deposits thermalizing energy in biological tissues and how this energy may be detected and managed by the conscious organism. The book begins by tracing the history of thermal RF-tolerance and of thermoregulation. This is followed by chapters on topics such as the characteristics of the thermal environment; the microwave stimulus; electromagnetic heating for therapy; the effects of thermal (infrared) radiation on humans; body temperature regulation during euthermia and hyperthermia; the central nervous thermoregulatory system; and thermal sensation. Other chapters discuss the sensory dynamics of intense microwave irradiation; thermoregulation in intense microwave fields; thermoregulatory behavioral responses; and effects of long-term (subchronic) exposure to weak microwave fields. The book also includes a chapter featuring panel discussion held during the symposium, and one that discusses G. A. Sachers free-energy hypothesis of life-span enhancement.
Download or read book Microwaves and Thermoregulation A Symposium written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary goal of the Symposium was to discuss how nonionizing radiation deposits thermalizing energy in biological tissues and the means by which this energy may be detected and effectively dealt with by the conscious organism. Much is known of the mechanisms by which endotherms achieve and maintain a characteristic stable internal body temperature in the face of environmental and internal thermal stresses. Nonionizing radio-frequency radiation provides a unique thermal challenge to deep as well as peripheral tissues that must be dealt with by these same mechanisms. Over the past several years, research into the biological effects of microwave exposure has advanced considerably; research emphasis has shifted from high intensity to low intensity exposure as scientists probe more and more subtle biological effects. With this shift in emphasis has come the realization that a body temperature increase in an experimental animal exposed to microwaves implies a breakdown of thermoregulatory mechanisms. On the other hand, low intensity exposures (previously dubbed non-thermal) usually initiate immediate and efficient thermoregulatory processes that ensure the constancy of the internal body temperature.
Download or read book Thermoregulation in Intense Microwave Fields written by S. M. Michaelson and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These studies clearly indicate the thermoregulatory capacity of the dog to withstand exposure to high microwave fields at specific absorption rates (SAR) of 3.7 and 6.1 W/kg. It appears that adequate thermoregulation takes place at an SAR of 3.7 W/kg but only transiently at 6.1 W/kg. These values, compared with the standardized resting metabolic rate of 3.29 W/kg (0.75), provide a basis for assessing the relationship of the thermal burden and thermo-regulatory disruption by microwaves in the dog. To elucidate the thermal potential of microwave exposure, it was helpful to conduct these exposures at various ambient temperatures in which the normal body temperature remained stable, thus permitting comparison of het production and dissipation with our without microwaves. The zone of the thermal neutrality or thermoneutral zone of vasomotor activity, 22-26.5 deg C, where body temperature is regulated by changes in vasomotor tonus, fulfilled this requirement.
Download or read book Microwaves and Thermoregulation written by Eleanor R. Adair and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microwave Radiation and Thermoregulation written by Eleanor R. Adair and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low intensity microwave fields alter normal responses, both autonomic and behavioral, that regulate the body temperature. Using the squirrel monkey as an animal model, we have quantified the minimal intensity of 2450 MHz CW microwaves that will lower metabolic heat production in the cold, initiate thermoregulatory sweating in the heat, alter peripheral vasomotor tone in thermoneutral environments, and stimulate a behaving animal to select a cooler environment. The threshold intensities for all responses were remarkably similar (4-8 mW/cu cm), representing 15-20% of the monkey's resting metabolic rate. This finding suggests a common thermal basis for the response changes. Autonomic responses that generate or dissipate body heat showed some adaptation during prolonged microwave exposure whereas behaviroal thermoregulatory responses persisted unchanged as long as the microwave field was present. Partial body microwave exposure produced appropriate adjustments in thermoregulatory responses to a degree nominally proportional to the fraction of the body so exposed. In general, whether the environment is cold or warm, endotherms detect and respond immediately to low intensity microwave fields as they do to other environmental thermal stimuli with the result that internal body temperature is regulated with precision at the normal level. (Author).
Download or read book CRC Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields written by Charles Polk and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-07-23 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this book is to present in a concise manner what is actually known at the present time about biological effects of time invariant, low frequency and radio frequency (including microwave) electric and magnetic fields. In reviewing the vast amount of experimental data which have been obtained in recent years, the authors tried to select those results that are, in their opinion, of major importance and of lasting value. In discussing mechanisms of interaction of electromagnetic fields with living matter they have tried to differentiate between what is clearly established, what is suggested by available evidence without being convincingly proven, and what is conjecture at the present time.
Download or read book Radiofrequency Radiation Standards written by B. Jon Klauenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has sponsored research and personnel safety standards development for exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) for over twenty years. The Aerospace Medical Panel of the Advisory Group For Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD) sponsored Lecture Series No. 78 Radiation Hazards,! in 1975, in the Netherlands, Germany, and Norway, on the subject of Radiation Hazards to provide a review and critical analysis of the available information and concepts. In the same year, Research Study Group 2 on Protection of Personnel Against Non-Ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation (Panel VIIl of AC/243 Defence Research Group, NATO) proposed a revision to Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 2345. The intent of the proposal was to revise the ST ANAG to incorporate frequency-dependent-RFR safety guidelines. These changes are documented in the NATO STANAG 2345 (MED), Control and Recording of Personnel Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation,2 promulgated in 1979. Research Study Group 2 (RSG2) of NATO Defense Research Group Panel VIII (AC1243) was organized, in 1981, to study and contribute technical information concerning the protection of military personnel from the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. A workshop at the Royal Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine, Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, U. K. was held to develop and/or compile sufficient knowledge on the long-term effects of pulsed RFR to maintain safe procedures and to minimize unnecessary operational constraints.
Download or read book Microwave Heating written by Gennadiy I. Churyumov and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-08-18 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 80 years of experience in the practical application of electromagnetic energy in various fields of human activity (industry, agriculture, science, medicine, etc.) suggests that microwave heating is an effective application of electromagnetic energy. This book presents the latest investigations on the applications of microwave energy and the effects of microwave radiation on various materials and mediums. Divided into two sections on thermal and nonthermal effects, this volume contains eight chapters that examine the use of microwave energy to extract bioactive compounds from plant materials, for rock-breaking operations, to synthesize functional dyes and nanomaterials, and more.
Download or read book Behavioral Effects of Microwave Radiation Absorption written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microwaves and Thermoregulation written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields Third Edition 2 Volume Set written by Charles Polk and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-12-21 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of this book has been recognized as the standard reference on biological effects of electric and magnetic fields from DC to microwaves. But much has changed in this science since the book's original publication in 1986. With contributions from eighteen leading researchers, this latest edition includes authoritative discussions of many new developments and will quickly become the new, must-have resource handbook. Dielectric properties of biological tissue are thoroughly examined, followed by chapters on physical mechanisms and biological effects of static and extremely low frequency magnetic fields. New chapters on topics that were treated very briefly in the first edition now receive extensive treatment. These topics include electric and magnetic fields for bone and soft tissue repair, electroporation, and epidemiology of ELF health effects. The chapter on computer methods for predicting field intensity has been substantially revised to describe new numerical techniques developed within the last few years and includes calculations of power absorbed in the human head from cellular telephones. The chapter discussing experimental results on RF interaction with living matter now contains information on effects of very high power, very short duration pulses. A new appendix on safety standards is based on the latest publications of governmental, as well as quasi-governmental organizations (such as the U.S. Council on Radiation Protection) in the United States, Europe, and Australia. With all its revisions, this updated version of the CRC Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields provides the most comprehensive overview available of this rapidly changing science.
Download or read book Neurobiology of Hyperthermia written by Hari Shanker Sharma and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of global warming on human health factors with special regards to our brain function are still not well understood. There is an urgent need to expand our knowledge on the effects of hot environment on our brain functions in healthy and in diseased populations. It is still unclear whether infectious events, traumatic injuries, metabolic diseases, carcinogenic events, cardiovascular and respiratory functions will be adversely affected by the rise in global temperature or whether environmental pollutants, such as nanoparticles entered into our body system will produce more damage at high ambient temperatures. This book aims to answer these questions based on recent research carried out by top experts in the field from the USA (11 chapters), Europe (8) chapters), the Middle East (3 chapters), Asia (2 chapters) and Canada (1). These chapters are written in review style and embedded with the author’s new and original data in relation to the current knowledge in the field. The book is highly interesting to the first time readers, beginners and students alike as well as provides in-depth knowledge to the professionals. In addition, prospects for future research and recommendations are clearly indicated in each chapter for future growth of the subject in this highly emerging new discipline. Describes the importance of brain temperature and hyperthermia in disease processes Presents research on the first observations on Nanoparticles that worsen the outcome of hyperthermia Discusses the effects of hyperthermia on the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers
Download or read book Biological and Medical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields written by Frank S. Barnes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological and Medical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields examines potential health hazards, exposure standards, and medical applications of electromagnetic (EM) fields. The second volume in the bestselling and newly revisedHandbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields, Third Edition, this book draws from the latest studies on the effects of exposure to electric and magnetic fields. In addition to extensive reviews of physiological effects, the book contains now separate reviews of behavioral and cognitive responses to various exposures. The book also describes an approach to setting standards for exposure limits and explores a few of the beneficial uses of EM fields in medical applications, both diagnostics and in treatment. Biological and Medical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields provides a practical overview of the experiments and methods used to observe ELF and RF fields and the possible useful and hazardous implications of these observations.
Download or read book Proceedings of a Workshop on Thermal Physiology written by T. Whit Athey and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Adaptive and Intelligent Temperature Control of Microwave Heating Systems with Multiple Sources written by Sun, Yiming and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2016-04-28 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, an innovative real-time microwave control approach is proposed, to improve the temperature homogeneity under microwave heating. Multiple adaptive or intelligent control structures have been developed, including the model predictive control, neural network control and reinforcement learning control methods. Experimental results prove that these advanced control methods can effectively reduce the final temperature derivations and improve the temperature homogeneity.
Download or read book Radio Frequency Radiation Dosimetry and Its Relationship to the Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields written by B. Jon Klauenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has sponsored research supporting development of personnel safety standards for exposure to Radio Frequency Radiation (RFR) for over a quarter century. NATO previously recognized that one of the most important tools used in the RFR effects research laboratory is accurate dosimetry when it supported a NATO Advanced Studies Institute (ASI) on Advances in Biological Effects and Dosimetry of Low Energy Electromagnetic Fields held in 1981, in Erice, Sicily. That meeting resulted in a NATO ASI publication; Biological Effects and Dosimetry of l Non-ionizing Radiation: Radiofrequency and Microwave Energies . The most recent NATO sponsored program on RFR was an Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on "Developing a New Standardization Agreement (STANAG) for Radio frequency Radiation" held May 1993, at the Pratica di Mare Italian Air Force Base, Pomezia (Rome) Italy. That ARW produced an ASI proceedings, published in 1995: Radio frequency Radiation Standards, Biological Effects, Dosimetry, Epidemiology, and Public Health Policy2. The Rome ARW and the Proceedings served as a springboard to the much needed revision of the NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 2345 MED "Evaluation and Control of Personnel Exposure to Radio Frequency Fields - 3 kHz to 300 GHz,,3, which was subsequently promulgated in October 1998. One of the published recommendations developed by the Rome ARW was to hold this second ARW focusing on dosimetry and measurements.
Download or read book Microwaves and Thermoregulation Historical Intrtoduction written by H. P. Schwan and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building models of the thermoregulatory system and gaining insight about how RF energy is absorbed by the human body have been two distinct disciplines with very little cross-fertilization for several decades. Their historical developments have much in common. In both cases, models of the human body were introduced which were initially very simple. These models were eventually replaced by increasing complex models providing ever-increasing predictive capability. I will first outline the history of thermal RF-tolerance and of thermoregulation and then conclude with a survey of recent attempts to merge these two areas. The models to be considered are: (1) RF and MW energy deposition, (2) human thermoregulation, and (3) thermoregulation and microwaves.
