Download or read book Microwave Ablation Treatment of Solid Tumors written by Ping Liang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-17 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microwave ablation is a simple, affordable, and highly precise technique. After its successful application in treating liver tumors, it is now widely used to combat renal tumors, adrenal tumors, thyroid nodes, uterine fibroids and other solid tumors. This book presents 40 successful cases of treating these diseases. A series of picture before treatment, after treatment and from different angles is provided for each kind of tumor treatment. In each chapter, step by step operative techniques and illustrations are included. This book also examines CT, NMR and ultrasonography to evaluate the effect of microwave ablation. Editor Ping Liang, is the Director and Professor at Dept. of Interventional Ultrasound, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China. Editor Xiaoling Yu is Professor and Chief physician, Editor Jie Yu is Associate Chief physician at the same department.

Download or read book Design and Optimization of Microwave Ablation Tools and Techniques written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal ablation is a minimally-invasive procedure that is used as an alternative to surgical resection in treating early-stage solid tumors. Due to its percutaneous route of administration, thermal ablations have been shown to be associated with less bleeding, fewer complications and quicker recovery compared to surgery. While radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is currently the most common heating modality used for ablation, microwave ablations have rapidly gained traction in academic centers in recent years due to its improved heating physics. Microwave offers substantial benefits over radiofrequency ablation through faster heat generation, leading to larger and more homogenous ablation zones in highly-perfused tissue. These qualities can lead to better margins during tumor ablation and a smaller chance for tumor recurrence. However, controlling the high power and temperatures associated with microwave has remained a formidable barrier toward widespread clinical adoption. The tools used in microwave ablation, especially the antenna itself, require modifications in order to decrease shaft heating. The physics of microwave heating, which now incorporate water vaporization, needs to be accounted for in the tissue heating process. Lastly, the role of hotter ablation zones in thrombosing larger blood vessels is becoming a growing concern for physicians. This thesis aims to further our understanding of these issues.

Download or read book Radiofrequency Ablation for Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma written by Minshan Chen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-26 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive guide to the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma (sHCC) using a minimally invasive technique: radiofrequency ablation (RFA). RFA has emerged as a new treatment modality and become the main modality of locoregional therapy. Extensive clinical research indicates that RFA is as effective as surgical resection for sHCC, and it has the advantage of being less invasive. However, the outcomes after RFA are largely dependent on the operators’ experience- known as the “learning curve”. This book presents the characteristics of sHCC and discusses why sHCC is the best candidate for RFA. Then it introduces all the commercially available RFA systems, and their working principles, advantages, disadvantages and so on. It goes on to demonstrate how to perform RFA under the guidance of ultrasound, CT, laparoscopy, or during open operation. Finally, it discusses the radiologic assessment and follow‐up after RFA, as well as adjuvant therapies and clinical trials on RFA. The authors are experts from the fields of pathology, radiology, surgery, and gastroenterology, as well as manufacturers. With this book, readers gain have a clear idea of when and how to do RFA. It aims to standardize and generalize the procedure of RFA, which will be very helpful in improving the outcome of RFA for sHCC.

Download or read book Physical Properties of Tissues written by Francis Duck and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique reference book describes quantitatively the measured and predicted values of all the physical properties of mammalian tissue. Reported measurements are thoroughly documented and are complemented by a range of empirical mathematical models which describe the observed physical behavior of tissue.**Intended as a broad-ranging reference, this volume gives the bioengineer, physicist, radiologist, or physiologist access to a literature which may not be known in detail. It will also be of value for those concerned with the study of a range of environmental radiation hazards. Most extensive compilation of values of physical properties of tissue**Presents data for thermal, optical, ultrasonic, mechanical, x-ray, electrical, and magnetic resonance properties**Comprehensive bibliography

Download or read book Irreversible Electroporation written by Boris Rubinsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-25 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-thermal irreversible electroporation is a new minimally invasive surgical p- cedure with unique molecular selectivity attributes – in fact it may be considered the first clinical molecular surgery procedure. Non-thermal irreversible electro- ration is a molecular selective mode of cell ablation that employs brief electrical fields to produce nanoscale defects in the cell membrane, which can lead to cell death, without an effect on any of the other tissue molecules. The electrical fields can be produced through contact by insertion of electrode needles around the undesirable tissue and non-invasively by electromagnetic induction. This new - dition to the medical armamentarium requires the active involvement and is of interest to clinical physicians, medical researchers, mechanical engineers, che- cal engineers, electrical engineers, instrumentation designers, medical companies and many other fields and disciplines that were never exposed in their training to irreversible electroporation or to a similar concept. This edited book is designed to be a comprehensive introduction to the field of irreversible electroporation to those that were not exposed or trained in the field before and can also serve as a reference manual. Irreversible electroporation is broad and interdisciplinary. Therefore, we have made an attempt to cover every one of the various aspects of the field from an introductory basic level to state of the art.

Download or read book Applicators and Methods to Achieve Precise Spatial Control of the Treatment Zone During Microwave Ablation written by Austin Pfannenstiel and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer is a large and growing societal concern. According to the World Health Organization, one in five men and one in six women worldwide will develop cancer during their lifetime. However, some patients cannot be treated with established therapeutic modalities such as surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy because of challenges with performing these complex procedures for some tumors, the potential for complication due to other medical conditions, and/or dose limiting toxicities. Thermal ablation offers a low-cost, minimally invasive therapy that can be used to treat tumors, usually as an outpatient procedure. Of the possible thermal ablation energy modalities, microwave ablation (MWA) is gaining increasing clinical adoption due to its ability to rapidly heat large volumes of tissue, radiate through charred or other high impedance tissues, and avoid expensive and cumbersome ancillary equipment. However, a significant problem limiting MWA technologies is that the growth of the thermal treatment zone cannot be precisely targeted or visualized in real time and it is therefore extremely difficult to reliably ensure the entire tumor is fully treated without also causing unintended thermal injury to adjacent critical anatomy. This limitation leaves doctors with a difficult choice of risking undertreatment and disease recurrence or risking overtreatment and damage to critical healthy anatomy that may cause pain or life-threatening complications. The fundamental technical barrier to precise targeting, and therefore to broader MWA clinical acceptance is that all currently available MWA systems can only produce a roughly spherical, ellipsoidal, or teardrop-shaped treatment zone centered on the axis near the tip of the applicator, which is not suitable for treating tumors with irregular shapes or those located near critical anatomy. This dissertation focuses on the development of a MWA applicator and methods to achieve precise spatial control of the treatment zone during microwave ablation in diverse tissue targets. A 14-gauge directional MWA (DMWA) applicator design is presented which would allow the physician to instead place the applicator alongside the tumor and direct heat towards the target and away from nearby sensitive tissues. DMWA may also be used with multiple applicators to "bracket" the tumor and clinical margin to enable a procedure with less chance of complications and disease recurrence, or applied on the surface of a target aiming inward in an even less-invasive non-penetrating approach. Coupled electromagnetic-bioheat transfer computational models were used for design and simulation of this DMWA applicator. Proof-of-concept applicators were evaluated in ex vivo liver at 60, 80, and 100 W generator settings for 3, 5 and 10 minutes (n=4 per combination) and in vivo tissue at 80 and 100 W generator settings for 5 or 10 minutes (n=2 or 3 per combination). Mean ex vivo ablation forward depth was 8-15.5 mm. No backward heating was observed at 60 W, 3-5 minutes; directivity (the ratio of forward ablation depth to backward ablation depth) was 4.7-11.0 for the other power and time combinations. In vivo ablation forward depth was 10.3-11.5 mm and directivity was 11.5-16.1. No visible or microscopic thermal damage to non-target tissues in direct contact with the back side of the applicator was observed. As the resulting thermal treatment zone from MWA is comprised of regions exposed to direct electromagnetic heating as well as regions indirectly heated by thermal conduction from the temperature gradients created during thermal ablation, using excessive treatment power or duration during a DMWA procedure may still result in undesired heating of non-target sectors through the thermally conductive surrounding tissues. A method is presented to cycle microwave power on and off to allow blood perfusion in the surrounding tissue to cool the margins of the treatment zone and improve the directivity of the DMWA procedure. Coupled electromagnetic-bioheat transfer computational models were used to evaluate equivalent energy delivery power pulsing protocols with periods of 5, 10, or 20 seconds, duty cycles of 50, 75, or 100%, and a 100 W generator power setting. A 10 second period, 70% duty cycle, 80 W generator setting power pulsing protocol in ex vivo liver showed a 51.7% reduction in the backward ablation depth, a 2.3% increase in the forward ablation depth, and a 115.2% increase in the directivity ratio. A 10 second period, 70% duty cycle, 100 W generator setting power pulsing protocol in in vivo liver showed a 40.1% reduction in the backward ablation depth, a 1.0% reduction in the forward ablation depth, and a 59.6% increase in the directivity ratio. Once many common types of cancer metastasize, a common site to which they spread is bone. Should cancer form in the vertebral bodies, the resulting tumor growth can cause significant pain and neurological problems including paralysis. Due to the proximity of a significant amount of critical anatomy, including the spinal cord and other nerves, treating these tumors can be exceedingly challenging. DMWA may offer the ability to provide enough spatial control of the ablation zone to attempt more palliative treatments of vertebral tumors in proximity to critical nerves and the spinal cord. However, there is limited published literature describing the interactions of microwave energy in bone tissues in detail; of specific importance is the degree of microwave absorption/transmission in bone tissue relative to tissues types that would comprise metastatic disease and how that may affect the resultant size and shape of the resultant treatment zone. Presented are three-dimensional simulations of spinal DMWA treatment zones based on coupled electromagnetic-bioheat transfer computational models with tissue domains that mimic the anatomical dimensions and the biophysical properties of each different type of tissue, including cortical bone, cancellous bone, spinal cord, cartilage, and metastatic and primary tumor. DMWA experimental ablations at 80 or 120 W generator settings for 3.5 or 5 minutes with two fiber optic temperature sensors in ex vivo vertebrae showed a temperature rise of 33.5 - 63.2 °C in the vertebral body 9.5 mm from the DMWA applicator (T1) and a temperature rise of 10.8 - 32.3 °C in the spinal canal 2.5 mm from the backside of the applicator (T2). A computational model with static bone tissue biophysical properties was able to predict the temperature change in the forward direction within 3 - 7% and in the backward direction within 11 - 37% of the experimental observation. This computational model was further modified to include tissue-specific perfusion values and demonstrated two DMWA applicators operated at 80 W generator setting for 5 minutes could heat the entirety of a 2 cm metastatic tumor in the vertebral body to ablative temperature (55 °C) without exceeding 45 °C in the spinal canal.

Download or read book Monitoring Microwave Ablation Treatments for Liver Tumors Using Ultrasound Elastography written by Wenjun Yang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liver cancer is the sixth most common and the third leading cause of cancer related deaths world-wide. New cases and mortality in the U.S. have doubled during the past two decades, increasing at a rate of 3.4% per year from 2007 to 2011. Existing treatment methods for liver cancer include partial hepatectomy, embolization with chemotherapy, liver transplant, and percutaneous ablation. Percutaneous ablation is increasingly being adopted as an effective treatment method for liver cancer by thermal necrosis of cancerous tissue, with the advantage of promising treatment outcomes, and minimally invasive procedures. Previously percutaneous ablation was performed using radiofrequency ablation (RFA), which uses a local circuit loop to generate a thermal dose. To improve the heating rate and volume treated with RFA, microwave ablation (MWA) was introduced which heated local tissue by agitating water molecules using microwave energy. The key factor to yield a promising treatment outcome with MWA is to effectively monitor the ablation margin of the treated region. The guidance imaging modality for MWA, namely ultrasound B-mode imaging is not sufficient to delineate the ablated region after the MWA procedure. Thus, computed tomography (CT) is adopted as the current gold standard to determine the ablation margin by comparing the pre- and post- treatment images. However, CT scans prolong the treatment time and expose the patients to ionizing radiation. In this dissertation, an ultrasound elastography technique, which is referred to as electrode displacement elastography (EDE), is applied for monitoring clinical MWA procedures. By comparison with B-mode imaging and commercial acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI), EDE is potentially an alternative imaging modality to provide effective real-time feedback of the ablated margin, which might improve treatment outcomes with MWA. In addition, our previously introduced three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction algorithm, Sheaf of Ultrasound Planes Reconstruction (SOUPR) was applied for a phantom study to depict the ablation inclusion as a 3D volume instead of a single 2D ultrasound plane. An image fusion technique is also developed to register EDE and CT to determine the ablation margin on EDE with comparison to the current gold standard.

Download or read book Liver Malignancies written by C. Bartolozzi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the role of diagnostic and interventional radiology in respect of liver malignancies. Following background chapters on anatomy, epidemiology, and clinicopathologic features, each of the diagnostic imaging techniques is carefully appraised, focusing on new developments in equipment and contrast agents. The interventional therapeutic approaches to primary and secondary hepatic malignancies are then discussed in depth, as well as such special topics as liver tumors in children and hepatic transplantation. Written by leading experts from around the world, this will prove to be an indispensable source of information for both clinicians and researchers.

Download or read book Cancer related Bone Pain written by Andrew Davies and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-11-15 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer-related bone pain is experienced by patients with primary bone tumours such as myeloma and osteosarcoma, but is more commonly seen in patients with malignant tumours that have metastasised to bone. Bone pain is one of the most common and severe forms of pain associated with breast, prostate and lung cancer, yet little is known about the underlying mechanisms responsible for the pain. Cancer patients identify bone pain as the most disruptive cancer-related event in terms oftheir quality of life and daily functioning, and it is also associated with increased incidence of morbidity, depression, and anxiety.Part of the Oxford Pain Management Library, this volume summarises the latest evidence-based and practical information on the management of cancer-related bone pain. Chapters cover the pathophysiology and clinical features of bone pain, general principles of management and the use of opioids and other agents. It will be an invaluable reference for all health care professionals involved in the management of patients with bone pain from various disciplines including palliative care,anaesthetics, oncology and general practice.

Download or read book Lung Cancer written by Henry S. Park and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-06-02 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide among both men and women. Recent advances in prevention, screening and management in the past decade have led to significant improvements in survival and quality of life. Local treatments like minimally invasive surgery, radiotherapy, and image-guided ablation have contributed to improving the effectiveness and tolerability of potentially curative treatments in early-stage, locally advanced, and oligometastatic/oligoprogressive disease. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and palliative local therapy options have expanded rapidly, with new regimens showing improved outcomes even for those with widely metastatic disease. This book comprehensively reviews the evidence that has driven personalized medicine, based on a variety of multidisciplinary perspectives by international lung cancer experts.

Download or read book Tumor Ablation written by Eric van Sonnenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-08 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is an enormous sense of excitement in the communities of cancer research and cancer care as we move into the middle third of the ?rst decade of the 21st century. For the ?rst time,there is a true sense of c- ?dence that the tools provided by the human genome project will enable cancer researchers to crack the code of genomic abnormalities that allow tumor cells to live within the body and provide highly speci?c, virtually non-toxic therapies for the eradication,or at least ?rm control of human cancers. There is also good reason to hope that these same lines of inquiry will yield better tests for screening, early detection, and prev- tion of progression beyond curability. While these developments provide a legitimate basis for much op- mism, many patients will continue to develop cancers and suffer from their debilitating effects, even as research moves ahead. For these in- viduals, it is imperative that the cancer ?eld make the best possible use of the tools available to provide present day cancer patients with the best chances for cure, effective palliation, or, at the very least, relief from symptoms caused by acute intercurrent complications of cancer. A modality that has emerged as a very useful approach to at least some of these goals is tumor ablation by the use of physical or physiochemical approaches.

Download or read book Principles and Technologies for Electromagnetic Energy Based Therapies written by Punit Prakash and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-12-09 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles and Technologies for Electromagnetic Energy Based Therapies covers the theoretical foundations of electromagnetic-energy based therapies, principles for design of practical devices and systems, techniques for in vitro and in vivo testing of devices, and clinical application examples of contemporary therapies employing non-ionizing electromagnetic energy. The book provides in-depth coverage of: pulsed electric fields, radiofrequency heating systems, tumor treating fields, and microwave heating technology. Devices and systems for electrical stimulation of neural and cardiac issue are covered as well. Lastly, the book describes and discusses issues that are relevant to engineers who develop and translate these technologies to clinical applications. Readers can access information on incorporation of preclinical testing, clinical studies and IP protection in this book, along with in-depth technical background for engineers on electromagnetic phenomena within the human body and selected therapies. It covers both engineering and biological/medical materials and gives a full perspective on electromagnetics therapies. Unique features include content on tumor treating fields and the development and translation of biomedical devices. Provides in-depth technical background on electromagnetic energy-based therapies, along with real world examples on how to design devices and systems for delivering electromagnetic energy-based therapies Includes guidance on issues that are relevant for translating the technology to the market, such as intellectual property, regulatory issues, and preclinical testing Companion site includes COMSOL models, MATLAB code, and lab protocols

Download or read book Diseases of the Abdomen and Pelvis 2018 2021 written by Juerg Hodler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-20 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book deals with imaging of the abdomen and pelvis, an area that has seen considerable advances over the past several years, driven by clinical as well as technological developments. The respective chapters, written by internationally respected experts in their fields, focus on imaging diagnosis and interventional therapies in abdominal and pelvic disease; they cover all relevant imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. As such, the book offers a comprehensive review of the state of the art in imaging of the abdomen and pelvis. It will be of interest to general radiologists, radiology residents, interventional radiologists, and clinicians from other specialties who want to update their knowledge in this area.

Download or read book Optimal and Predictable Microwave Ablation for Local Cancer Treatment written by Sevde Etoz Niemeier and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microwave ablation is one of the most common minimally invasive targeted cancer treatment technique. Since development phase of the technique resulted in several commercial ablation systems, current research topics include optimization of the current systems and practices. Recent studies have shown that outcomes of microwave ablation can vary patient to patient. To foresee the ablation results, investigation of treatment planning techniques has gained great interest recently. Simulations have been the main tool for the treatment planning process which requires accurate tissue models. In this work, I investigated new simulation approaches to increase microwave ablation simulation accuracy. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the current state of microwave ablation and the variability of ablation outcomes with the current systems are presented. Potential sources of this variability were discussed. Moreover, the accuracy of microwave ablation simulations was evaluated with ex-vivo studies (experiments and simulations). The study results suggested that current dielectric property models need improvement. Therefore, following chapters focused on the dielectric tissue property model development for liver and lung tissues. In microwave ablation context, tissue properties can be divided into two groups: baseline and temperature dependent temporal changes during heating. Both depends on the constituents of tissues; therefore, dielectric mixture models were used in the development of liver and lung tissue models. Chapter 2 presents tissue models which were tissue water content dependent. It has been assumed that water content was responsible for the drastic changes in dielectric properties during heating. Chapter 3 outlines the techniques for application of the water content dependent dielectric mixture models in the microwave ablation setting. With this study, it was directly shown that vaporization was the most dominant mechanism in dielectric property change at high temperatures, dielectric mixture models can model vapor induced effects, and the proposed approach with the mixture model allowed more accurate dielectric property predictions than the current models in literature. Since this study focused the temporal changes of tissue properties. In the first 3 chapters, temporal changes in dielectric properties were studied. Chapter 4 presents experiments and simulations in phantoms for tissues with ectopic fat storage, which changes the baseline tissue properties. Differences in heating mechanisms in phantoms with varying fat contents were discovered. Moreover, a framework was introduced for imaging-based (magnetic resonance imaging) determination of baseline tissue dielectric properties. Chapter 5 describes lung tissue dielectric property models that have been built with the data that was collected. The aim of this study was to develop an air content tissue model for lung, therefore, concurrent measurements of dielectric properties with open-ended coaxial probe and air content with CT and microCT was included in the model development process. Chapter 6 describes the implementation of the tissue dielectric property model that was developed in the Chapter 2 and 3 in simulations. The results of the simulated ablation zones were compared with the ablation zones that were measured precisely by accounting for the contraction. The simulations with the proposed model had higher accuracy in the prediction of the ablation zone dimensions in ex-vivo tissues. Chapter 6 also included a study on thermal behavior of the liver perfusion. The literature review on perfusion in the thermal ablation area showed the need for a liver specific perfusion model. In-vivo liver ablation temperatures were collected and used as the training data for the optimization of a muscle perfusion model for liver tissue.

Download or read book Laser induced Interstitial Thermotherapy written by Gerhard J. Müller and published by SPIE Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Therapeutic Endoscopic Ultrasound written by Evangelos Kalaitzakis and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an up-to-date review of therapeutic EUS with an equal focus on technical descriptions with ample endoscopic images/video clips by world experts and the scientific evidence behind the described techniques. The book provides an overview of the field in a structured manner, starting with general topics on equipment and service development and extending to the fields of EUS-guided drainage, anti-tumor therapies, and other specific EUS-guided interventional treatments. Therapeutic Endoscopic Ultrasound is a key resource for endoscopists, gastroenterologists, surgeons, and GI oncologists.

Download or read book Biomedical Engineering Challenges written by Vincenzo Piemonte and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-23 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An important resource that puts the focus on the chemical engineering aspects of biomedical engineering In the past 50 years remarkable achievements have been advanced in the fields of biomedical and chemical engineering. With contributions from leading chemical engineers, Biomedical Engineering Challenges reviews the recent research and discovery that sits at the interface of engineering and biology. The authors explore the principles and practices that are applied to the ever-expanding array of such new areas as gene-therapy delivery, biosensor design, and the development of improved therapeutic compounds, imaging agents, and drug delivery vehicles. Filled with illustrative case studies, this important resource examines such important work as methods of growing human cells and tissues outside the body in order to repair or replace damaged tissues. In addition, the text covers a range of topics including the challenges faced with developing artificial lungs, kidneys, and livers; advances in 3D cell culture systems; and chemical reaction methodologies for biomedical imagining analysis. This vital resource: Covers interdisciplinary research at the interface between chemical engineering, biology, and chemistry Provides a series of valuable case studies describing current themes in biomedical engineering Explores chemical engineering principles such as mass transfer, bioreactor technologies as applied to problems such as cell culture, tissue engineering, and biomedical imaging Written from the point of view of chemical engineers, this authoritative guide offers a broad-ranging but concise overview of research at the interface of chemical engineering and biology.