Download or read book Microstructure and Rheology of Mixed Ionic Surfactants written by Kate R. Hollabaugh and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Personal care products are complex blends of several surfactants which are typically anionic, zwitterionic and nonionic. Formulations are often created with little understanding of the interactions between these different types of surfactants. Here a model system comprised of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), and cocomonoethanolamide (CMEA) represents the industrial surfactant blend almeo. The effect of the addition of a zwitterionic surfactant, tegobetaine, to this blend was investigated. An understanding of the phase behavior of the four component mixture was gained by building up the complexity of the mixture one surfactant at a time. Nested ternary and pseudo-ternary phase maps were created to determine the phase boundary for the dilute one phase isotropic region that is useful for formulation. The nonionic surfactant in almeo, CMEA, greatly affected the overall phase behavior of the mixture, decreasing the one phase isotropic region of phase space. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to probe the microstructures present in the dilute one phase region and to understand the structural evolution that occurs upon addition of tegobetaine. The effect of these structural parameters on the bulk solution properties was established using rheology. Rheology was also used to characterize the dynamics and material properties of the wormlike micelle solutions that exist at higher surfactant concentrations. Wormlike micelle (WLM) solutions of sufficient length and concentration will entangle, which leads to viscoelasticity. Alternatively, branching can lead to the formation of a viscoelastic network. The viscoelasticity of these WLM solutions makes them relevant from a wide range of applications ranging from personal care products to oil drilling. Scaling relationships for properties of WLM exist, which are useful in product development. However, these relationships were developed for linear entangled micelles, not branched networks, and the effect of branching is unknown. Here neutron spin echo (NSE) was used to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of both entangled and branched WLM solutions and how they relate to the bulk and network properties.

Download or read book Structure Performance Relationships in Surfactants written by Kunio Esumi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-03-18 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to intensifying interest on surfactant research brought on by recent innovation, Structure-Performance Relationships in Surfactants, Second Edition examines novel developments in our understanding of the properties and performance of surfactants at air-liquid, liquid-liquid, and solid-liquid interfaces, highlighting seven new chapters and carefully updated material to reflect current trends. This edition presents new material on the adsorption of vesicle-forming surfactants at the air-water interface, fluorinated surfactants having two hydrophobic chains, surface-active properties of telomer-type surfactants having several hydrocarbon chains, and the association behavior of amphiphilic dendritic polymers, among many other topics.

Download or read book Turbulent Drag Reduction by Surfactant Additives written by Feng-Chen Li and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-10 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turbulent drag reduction by additives has long been a hot research topic. This phenomenon is inherently associated with multifold expertise. Solutions of drag-reducing additives are usually viscoelastic fluids having complicated rheological properties. Exploring the characteristics of drag-reduced turbulent flows calls for uniquely designed experimental and numerical simulation techniques and elaborate theoretical considerations. Pertinently understanding the turbulent drag reduction mechanism necessities mastering the fundamentals of turbulence and establishing a proper relationship between turbulence and the rheological properties induced by additives. Promoting the applications of the drag reduction phenomenon requires the knowledge from different fields such as chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, municipal engineering, and so on. This book gives a thorough elucidation of the turbulence characteristics and rheological behaviors, theories, special techniques and application issues for drag-reducing flows by surfactant additives based on the state-of-the-art of scientific research results through the latest experimental studies, numerical simulations and theoretical analyses. Covers turbulent drag reduction, heat transfer reduction, complex rheology and the real-world applications of drag reduction Introduces advanced testing techniques, such as PIV, LDA, and their applications in current experiments, illustrated with multiple diagrams and equations Real-world examples of the topic’s increasingly important industrial applications enable readers to implement cost- and energy-saving measures Explains the tools before presenting the research results, to give readers coverage of the subject from both theoretical and experimental viewpoints Consolidates interdisciplinary information on turbulent drag reduction by additives Turbulent Drag Reduction by Surfactant Additives is geared for researchers, graduate students, and engineers in the fields of Fluid Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering, Turbulence, Chemical Engineering, Municipal Engineering. Researchers and practitioners involved in the fields of Flow Control, Chemistry, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Experimental Fluid Dynamics, and Rheology will also find this book to be a much-needed reference on the topic.

Download or read book Understanding and Controlling the Microstructure of Complex Foods written by D. Julian McClements and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-08-30 with total page 793 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is widely accepted that the creation of novel foods or improvement of existing foods largely depends on a strong understanding and awareness of the intricate interrelationship between the nanoscopic, microscopic and macroscopic features of foods and their bulk physiochemical properties, sensory attributes and healthfulness. With its distinguished editor and array of international contributors, Understanding and controlling the microstructure of complex foods provides a review of current understanding of significant aspects of food structure and methods for its control.Part one focuses on the fundamental structural elements present in foods such as polysaccharides, proteins and fats and the forces which hold them together. Part two discusses novel analytical techniques which can provide information on the morphology and behaviour of food materials. Chapters cover atomic force microscopy, image analysis, scattering techniques and computer analysis. Chapters in part three examine how the principles of structural design can be employed to improve performance and functionality of foods. The final part of the book discusses how knowledge of structural and physicochemical properties can be implemented to improve properties of specific foods such as ice-cream, spreads, protein-based drinks, chocolate and bread dough.Understanding and controlling the microstructure of complex foods is an essential reference for industry professionals and scientists concerned with improving the performance of existing food products and inventing novel food products. Reviews the current understanding of significant aspects of food structure and methods for its control Focuses on the fundamental structural elements present in foods such as proteins and fats and the forces that hold them together Discusses novel analytical techniques that provide information on the morphology and behaviour of food materials

Download or read book Microstructure of Mixed Surfactant Solutions by Electron Microscopy written by Edward Naranjo and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Thermodynamics Phase Behavior and Rheology of Surfactant Mixtures written by Hongda Zhang and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Viscoelastic Surfactant Fatty Acid Interfaces written by Zahra Niroobakhsh and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present dissertation concerns an interdisciplinary subject focusing on both viscoelastic material characterizations and fluid dynamics experimental development for an immiscible amphiphilic system. In particular, a self-assembling material formed at the interface between an aqueous cationic surfactant (cetylpyridinium chloride, CPCl) solution and a fatty acid such as oleic acid (OA) is studied. The resulting interfacial layer forms owing to instantaneous self-organization of CPCl and OA molecules, which is similar to established surfactant systems including microemulsions and catanionic surfactants. First, a ternary phase diagram for CPCl, OA and water was established, to study the phase behavior of equilibrium bulk phases. The morphology and structure of bulk phases were characterized using the Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) and oscillatory rheology. In the ternary diagram, we observed the formation of a gel phase at the equimolar mixing ratio of OA and CPCl. To characterize the interfacial layer made between CPCl solutions and OA, we reproduced the interfacial materials in small capillaries and employed SAXS. Both bulk gel and the interfacial material exhibit a domain spacing on the order of 20 nm as a lamellar phase. Interfacial rheology is applied to understand viscoelastic properties of the interfacial layer made between CPCl solution and a thin layer of OA. Both bulk rheology of the gel phase as well as the interfacial rheology of interfacial layer demonstrated a viscoelastic gel behavior (elastic modulus larger than loss modulus, and both moduli independent of frequency). Furthermore, a detailed comparison of bulk and interfacial materials characteristics are discussed.In the fluid dynamics part, two flow geometries are used to examine flow instabilities during interfacial material formation. In the first flow configuration, injection of an aqueous CPCl solution into an immiscible OA results in formation of various geometry including a columnar geometry due to development of an interfacial layer. The interfacial layer or the column wall exhibits peculiar elastic behavior such as wrinkling, buckling, or rupture. The physical properties of the interfacial material such as velocity of the interfacial layer are measured using visualization techniques (utilizing Phanton V5 high speed video camera). The second flow geometry is a quasi-2D Hele-Shaw cell, which is a classic method to study dynamics of an interface in a controlled and reproducible way. We observed that the interface dynamics and strength of self-assembled material are strongly dependent on surfactant concentration and flow conditions. The effect of oil molecular structures has been studied using various oils, including inert oils, other fatty acids, and triglycerides of oleic acid (triolein). We eventually discuss possibility of a connection between flow instabilities, phase behavior and interfacial material characteristics.In our system, both components are known to have antimicrobial properties which made them suitable for many pharmaceutical and medical applications. The results offer a good potential for generalization to a wide variety of complex fluid systems including surfactant mixtures, polymer solutions, emulsions, and colloidal domains, where the physical properties of the interfacial materials can be tuned for variety of applications such as in chemical, food, and oil industries.

Download or read book Giant Micelles written by Raoul Zana and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-05-30 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The co-evolution of a strong theoretical framework alongside application of a range of sophisticated experimental tools engendered rapid advancement in the study ofgiant micelles. Beginning with Anacker and Debye's 1951 experimental study of elongated micelles by light scattering and their subsequent theoretical inference that the thermodynamic

Download or read book Studies of Foam Microstructure and Rheology written by Khai Sin Lim and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing Online written by Sunggyu Lee and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-11-01 with total page 3338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition Encyclopedia supplies nearly 350 gold standard articles on the methods, practices, products, and standards influencing the chemical industries. It offers expertly written articles on technologies at the forefront of the field to maximize and enhance the research and production phases of current and emerging chemical manufacturing practices and techniques. This collecting of information is of vital interest to chemical, polymer, electrical, mechanical, and civil engineers, as well as chemists and chemical researchers. A complete reconceptualization of the classic reference series the Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design, whose first volume published in 1976, this resource offers extensive A-Z treatment of the subject in five simultaneously published volumes, with comprehensive indexing of all five volumes in the back matter of each tome. It includes material on the design of key unit operations involved with chemical processes; the design, unit operation, and integration of reactors and separation systems; process system peripherals such as pumps, valves, and controllers; analytical techniques and equipment; and pilot plant design and scale-up criteria. This reference contains well-researched sections on automation, equipment, design and simulation, reliability and maintenance, separations technologies, and energy and environmental issues. Authoritative contributions cover chemical processing equipment, engineered systems, and laboratory apparatus currently utilized in the field. It also presents expert overviews on key engineering science topics in property predictions, measurements and analysis, novel materials and devices, and emerging chemical fields. ALSO AVAILABLE ONLINE This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for both researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) [email protected]

Download or read book Advances in Biomembranes and Lipid Self Assembly written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-08-01 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Biomembranes and Lipid Self-Assembly, formerly titled Advances in Planar Lipid Bilayers and Liposomes, provides a global platform for a broad community of experimental and theoretical researchers studying cell membranes, lipid model membranes, and lipid self-assemblies from the micro- to the nanoscale. Planar lipid bilayers are widely studied due to their ubiquity in nature and find their application in the formulation of biomimetic model membranes, and in the design of artificial dispersion of liposomes. Moreover, lipids self-assemble into a wide range of other structures, including micelles and the liquid crystalline hexagonal and cubic phases. Consensus has been reached that curved membrane phases do play an important role in nature as well, especially in dynamic processes, such as vesicles fusion and cell communication. Self-assembled lipid structures have enormous potential as dynamic materials ranging from artificial lipid membranes to cell membranes, from biosensing to controlled drug delivery, from pharmaceutical formulations to novel food products to mention a few. An assortment of chapters in this volume represents both original research as well as comprehensive reviews written by world leading experts and young researchers. Surveys recent theoretical and experimental results on lipid micro- and nanostructures Presents potential uses of applications, like clinically relevant diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, biotechnology, pharmaceutical engineering, and food products Includes both original research as well as comprehensive reviews written by world leading experts and young researchers Provides a global platform for a broad community of experimental and theoretical researchers studying cell membranes, lipid model membranes, and lipid self-assemblies from the micro- to the nanoscale

Download or read book Surfactant Mesophase Structure and Rheology written by Afroditi Lekanidou and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Proceedings of the International Conference on Colloid and Surface Science written by Y. Iwasawa and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-02-15 with total page 1129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this Conference was to discuss the results of recent developments and the future prospect in science and technology of the field. The field has been growing and flourishing, while indicating many problems to be uncovered and solved. The conference was structured to encourage interaction and to stimulate the exchange of ideas to accomplish the above purpose. Key issues and materials related to the Conference were included as follows: • Molecular Assemblies in Solutions; • Fine Particles and Colloidal Dispersions; • Supramolecular Organized Films; • Nanostructural Solid Surfaces; • Industrial Applications and Products. The Conference comprised 2 plenary lectures, 42 invited lectures, 150 oral presentations and 266 poster presentations.

Download or read book The Effect of Chemical Structures of Cationic Surfactants Or Counterions on Solution Drag Reduction Effectiveness Rheology and Micellar Microstructure written by Zhiqing Lin and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Proceedings of the International Congress on Rheology written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Surface Chemistry of Surfactants and Polymers written by Bengt Kronberg and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-12-31 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives the reader an introduction to the field of surfactants in solution as well as polymers in solution. Starting with an introduction to surfactants the book then discusses their environmental and health aspects. Chapter 3 looks at fundamental forces in surface and colloid chemistry. Chapter 4 covers self-assembly and 5 phase diagrams. Chapter 6 reviews advanced self-assembly while chapter 7 looks at complex behaviour. Chapters 8 to 10 cover polymer adsorption at solid surfaces, polymers in solution and surface active polymers, respectively. Chapters 11 and 12 discuss adsorption and surface and interfacial tension, while Chapters 13- 16 deal with mixed surfactant systems. Chapter 17, 18 and 19 address microemulsions, colloidal stability and the rheology of polymer and surfactant solutions. Wetting and wetting agents, hydrophobization and hydrophobizing agents, solid dispersions, surfactant assemblies, foaming, emulsions and emulsifiers and microemulsions for soil and oil removal complete the coverage in chapters 20-25.

Download or read book Rheology and Fluid Mechanics of Nonlinear Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers presented at the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition.