Download or read book Microbes Microbial Metabolism and Mucosal Immunity written by Tanima Bose and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-08-09 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbes, Microbial Metabolism and Mucosal Immunity: An Overview presents a concise and well-vetted treatise on the study of microbiome and microbial metabolites. This volume is up-to-date with the most recent developments from the last decade. It encompasses the interaction of immunity and microbes - and their metabolites - from different mucosal organs including gastrointestinal system, lung, oral cavity, eye. Along with the efficiency of the immune system in inhibiting the growth and proliferation of microbes, the volume discusses how the mediators of the immune system can be targeted to develop therapies. This book presents the latest methods, gives broad and systematic coverage of most mucosal systems and diseases, and takes a fresh perspective that looks at the functional aspects of change in the microbiome. The study of microbiome and microbial metabolites and their roles in host mucosal immunology is a rapidly developing area of research. One major way in which the microbiome influences the host is through altered metabolism. Metabolites, readily available to the host, engender significant consequences. Microbial metabolites have been shown to impact the disease processes in both proximal and distal organs, including the brain in several neurocognitive disorders.
Download or read book Gut Microbiota Immunity and Health in Production Animals written by Michael H. Kogut and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-19 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work sheds new light on the interplay between the gut, gut microbiota, and host physiological processes in production animals. The gut microbiome shapes health and susceptibility to disease and has become a leading area of research in the animal sciences. Gut health encompasses a number of physiological and functional features. Nutrient digestion and absorption, host metabolism and energy generation, a stable microbiome, mucus layer development, barrier function, and mucosal immune responses; all of which are required to interact to make an animal perform physiologically and according to its greatest genetic potential. This carefully presented book broadens our vision, approach and results on gut health and the ability to regulate animal production. Understanding the chemistry of microbiomes has broad implications, including providing functional annotations for the microbial genomes, insights into the chemical languages that link microbes to each other and to their host, and translational implications for precision veterinary medicine, environmental health, and sustainable animal agriculture and welfare. Experts working in microbiome research, host immunity, and animal production, veterinarians and researchers in livestock science will understand the great importance of this volume.
Download or read book Mapping Metabolic Pathways for Mucosal Health at the Host microbe Interface written by Katti R. Crakes and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Human body surfaces are lined by mucosal membranes composed of epithelial cells which serve as the primary barrier for protection against pathogens. These mucous membranes function in a shared environment with resident microbes, creating a complex ecosystem with communal sources of nutrients for the host as well as its microbes. Encounters with viral, fungal, and bacterial pathogens can directly or indirectly damage epithelial cells, disrupting tight junctions that keep mucosal barriers intact. Disruption of epithelial barriers lead to downstream inflammation, translocation of microbial products into the bloodstream, and exacerbation of disease. For example, Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) proteins can target zonula occludens for viral entry and dissemination, Clostridium perfringens utilizes claudin proteins as receptors for entry, and candidalysin toxin from Candida albicans targets junctional complexes for translocation, all of which induce permeability in epithelial barriers. Furthermore, autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and diabetes exhibit similar pathologies in intestinal barrier disruption and microbial dysbiosis. While these barrier defects have been observed across a broad range of diseases, there is a lack of understanding in how tight junctions are regulated by epithelial cells and which therapeutic targets will be effective. My dissertation takes two approaches to address this issue: 1) mucosal repair in chronic inflammation and 2) mucosal protection against pathogens. I hypothesized that strategies targeting entry of pathogens and cellular metabolism at mucosal sites will be fundamental for effective prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. This dissertation presents three studies that advance our knowledge about mucosal repair/protection by leveraging host-microbial metabolic pathways and mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. 1: Repair of gut epithelial barriers during SIV-induced chronic gut inflammation through the mitochondria-microbiota crosstalk. Chronic gut inflammatory diseases are associated with disruption of intestinal epithelial barriers and impaired mucosal immunity. HIV causes depletion of mucosal CD4+ T cells early in infection and disruption of gut epithelium, resulting in chronic inflammation and immunodeficiency. Although antiretroviral therapy is effective in suppressing viral replication, it is incapable of restoring the "leaky gut," which poses an impediment for HIV cure efforts. Using the intestinal loop model in SIV-infected rhesus macaques, we found rapid repair of gut epithelial barriers within five hours of administering Lactobacillus plantarum into virally inflamed gut. The rapid recovery was driven by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR[alpha]) activation and occurred independent of mucosal CD4+ T cell recovery, highlighting a metabolic repair pathway in mitochondrial [beta]-oxidation that can be targeted for epithelial repair prior to complete immune recovery. These findings highlight the critical role of PPAR[alpha] at the intersection between microbial metabolism and epithelial repair in virally inflamed gut and as a potential mitochondrial target for restoring gut barriers in infectious or inflammatory diseases. Study 2: Renewal of gut epithelial barriers in metabolic disease through PPAR[alpha] signaling at the host-microbe interface in metabolic disease. Metabolic disease affects approximately one-third of the US adult population, and is defined by pathological conditions associated with obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Metabolic disease is concomitant to dysfunctions in the intestinal barrier and an increased risk for mucosal infection and systemic inflammation, all of which are poorly understood. Using a canine model of diabetes mellitus (DM), we translated our findings in Study 1 and tested the clinical translation of PPAR[alpha] activation on gut epithelial barriers using fenofibrate, a known PPAR[alpha] agonist. We found that a 3-week oral dosage of fenofibrate alleviates small intestinal barrier disruption and improves lipid metabolism in dogs with DM. Reduction of plasma triglycerides after 3 weeks correlated with lower immune activation and reduction of intraepithelial T lymphocytes in the duodenum. The gut microbial composition remained stable after fenofibrate administration, suggesting that repair of intestinal barriers can be achieved independent of surrounding microbiota. These findings indicate that lipid metabolism is essential to functionality of the gut epithelium, which can be rescued by PPAR[alpha] activation in DM. Study 3: Protection of genital mucosal surfaces against HIV and SHIV viruses using Silk fibroin mucoadhesive delivery platform. Efforts to end the AIDS epidemic using anti-retroviral therapy have been widely successful in reducing HIV-related deaths. However, challenges for the prevention of new HIV infections have not been fully resolved. Most new HIV infections occur through mucosal transmission, so it is imperative that HIV prevention platforms are effective at mucosal sites, can be produced inexpensively, and are accessible to vulnerable populations. In these cases, protection against HIV transmission must overcome individual-to-individual variation in the context of mucosal microbiota composition, host metabolic status, and immune response. In this study, we developed a silk fibroin (SF)-based drug delivery platform that encapsulates a potent HIV entry inhibitor Griffithsin (Grft) that can be readily administered into genital mucosal sites for HIV prevention. The SF formulation, capable of holding several anti-HIV proteins, is thermodynamically stable for over one year, can be released over the course of one month, and provides an innovative platform that is safe and effective against transmission of HIV. We demonstrate the safety and efficacy of SF-Grft in both vaginal and rectal compartments using a non-human primate model in vivo and human explant cultures ex vivo. Effective release and mucosal adherence of SF-Grft protected against HIV and SHIV challenge with negligible changes in local microbiota or inflammatory responses. These findings provide support for the development of SF as an effective HIV prevention modality at mucosal sites to help address the global disparity in HIV infection. Conclusion: These studies provide novel insights into new metabolic targets to repair inflamed gut mucosa and impart protection against pathogens at mucosal surfaces through innovative mucoadhesive technology. This dissertation deciphers the molecular, cellular, and microbial components involved in chronic gut inflammatory diseases, identifies molecular mechanisms of reversing mucosal damage, and defines the significance of addressing this complexity to bolster systemic and mucosal health.
Download or read book Microbes Microbial Metabolism and Mucosal Immunity written by Tanima Bose and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-08-19 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbes, Microbial Metabolism and Mucosal Immunity: An Overview presents a concise and well-vetted treatise on the study of microbiome and microbial metabolites. This volume is up-to-date with the most recent developments from the last decade. It encompasses the interaction of immunity and microbes — and their metabolites — from different mucosal organs including gastrointestinal system, lung, oral cavity, eye. Along with the efficiency of the immune system in inhibiting the growth and proliferation of microbes, the volume discusses how the mediators of the immune system can be targeted to develop therapies. This book presents the latest methods, gives broad and systematic coverage of most mucosal systems and diseases, and takes a fresh perspective that looks at the functional aspects of change in the microbiome. The study of microbiome and microbial metabolites and their roles in host mucosal immunology is a rapidly developing area of research. One major way in which the microbiome influences the host is through altered metabolism. Metabolites, readily available to the host, engender significant consequences. Microbial metabolites have been shown to impact the disease processes in both proximal and distal organs, including the brain in several neurocognitive disorders. Offers a concise solution for the study of microbiome, microbial metabolism, and mucosal immunology Presents contemporary studies that incorporate the latest research methods Gives a broad and systematic accounting of most mucosal systems and diseases Looks at the functional aspects of changes to the microbiome as well as specific changes to microbiota Affords entry-level and advanced readers with the theory and knowledge needed for further research
Download or read book Microbial Metabolism In The Digestive Tract written by M. J. Hill and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-02-01 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book an attempt has been made to give an update on the flora of the human digestive tract and its role in disease. This is a subject that has implications in many disciplines and therefore is aimed at not only microbiologists, but also clinicians, dentists, medical researchers, biochemists, and toxicologists who have a background knowledge of bacteriology but are not necessarily directly involved in research into the metabolic actions of gut bacteria.
Download or read book Microbial Endocrinology written by Mark Lyte and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-06 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial endocrinology represents a newly emerging interdisciplinary field that is formed by the intersection of the fields of neurobiology and microbiology. This book will introduce a new perspective to the current understanding not only of the factors that mediate the ability of microbes to cause disease, but also to the mechanisms that maintain normal homeostasis. The discovery that microbes can directly respond to neuroendocrine hormones, as evidenced by increased growth and production of virulence-associated factors, provides for a new framework with which to investigate how microorganisms interface not only with vertebrates, but also with invertebrates and even plants. The reader will learn that the neuroendocrine hormones that one most commonly associates with mammals are actually found throughout the plant, insect and microbial communities to an extent that will undoubtedly surprise many, and most importantly, how interactions between microbes and neuroendocrine hormones can influence the pathophysiology of infectious disease.
Download or read book Physiological and Clinical Aspects of Short Chain Fatty Acids written by John H. Cummings and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-12-02 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive volume to look at the importance of short-chain fatty acids in digestion, the function of the large intestine and their role in human health. Short-chain fatty acids are the major product of bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates in the human and animal large intestine. They represent the major end products of digestive processes occurring in the caecum and large intestine. As such, they form an important dietary component and it is increasingly recognised that they may have a significant role in protecting against large bowel cancer and in metabolism. Prepared by an international team of contributors who are at the forefront of this area of research, this volume will be an essential source of reference for gastroenterologists, nutritionists and others active in this area.
Download or read book Oral Mucosal Immunity and Microbiome written by Georgios N. Belibasakis and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-15 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first International Conference on Oral Mucosal Immunity and Microbiome (OMIM) aimed to highlight cutting-edge basic and translational research from an oral immunological and microbiological perspective. Oral diseases with a microbial etiology are the most prevalent chronic diseases of humans. Whilst not life-threatening, they can significantly compromise quality of life, are associated with increased risk for certain systemic diseases, and pose heavy financial burdens to national health systems. Hence, periodontal and peri-implant diseases, dental caries, root canal infections and mucosal infections are significant global public health problems. In this book global experts summarize and discuss the latest progress made in oral mucosal immunity and the oral microbiome. Target audience is basic and/or translational researchers with expertise in host immunity and microbiome research, and interest in oral health and disease. This volume provides a much needed quantum leap in the field, by joining forces to address gaps at the oral mucosal immunity-microbiome cross-talk.
Download or read book Of Microbes and Men War and Peace on the Mucosal Surfaces written by Philippe Sansonetti and published by Collège de France. This book was released on 2013-12-16 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our bodies contain ten times more bacteria than cells and their activity is essential for our organisms. A true symbiosis exists between humans and microbes, the complex mechanisms of which can only be decoded using molecular genetics. However these bacteria can also cause infectious and parasitic diseases which kill over 15 million people a year throughout the world. To develop effective treatments and vaccines for such diseases, scientists need to know how bacteria outmanoeuvre the body’s defence mechanisms and how to decipher the rules of war and peace between microbes and humans.
Download or read book Regulation of Gastrointestinal Mucosal Growth written by Rao N. Jaladanki and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-11-30 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mammalian gastrointestinal mucosa is a rapidly self-renewing tissue in the body, and its homeostasis is preserved through the strict regulation of epithelial cell proliferation, growth arrest, and apoptosis. The control of the growth of gastrointestinal mucosa is unique and, compared with most other tissue in the body, complex. Mucosal growth is regulated by the same hormones that alter metabolism in other tissues, but the gastrointestinal mucosa also responds to host events triggered by the ingestion and presence of food within the digestive tract. These gut hormones and peptides regulate the growth of the exocrine pancreas, gallbladder epithelium, and the mucosa of the oxyntic gland region of the stomach and the small and large intestines. Luminal factors, including nutrients or other dietary factors, secretions, and microbes that occur within the lumen and distribute over a proximal-to-distal gradient, are also crucial for maintenance of normal gut mucosal regeneration and could explain the villous-height-crypt-depth gradient and variety of adaptation, since these factors are diluted, absorbed, and destroyed as they pass down the digestive tract. Recently, intestinal stem cells, cellular polyamines, and noncoding RNAs are shown to play an important role in the regulation of gastrointestinal mucosal growth under physiological and various pathological conditions. In this book, we highlight key issues and factors that control gastrointestinal mucosal growth and homeostasis, with special emphasis on the mechanisms through which epithelial renewal and apoptosis are regulated at the cellular and molecular levels.
Download or read book Immunophysiology of the Gut written by W. Allan Walker and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bristol-Myers Squibb/Mead Johnson Nutrition Symposia, Volume 11: Immunophysiology of the Gut represents a comprehensive and systematic coverage of the immunophysiology of the gut, compiling research that integrates the mucosal immune system and intestinal physiology. This book discusses the immunological regulation of epithelial function, fibroblastic sheath, pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism, and gastric response to mucosal anaphylaxis. The implications for inflammatory diarrhea, role of breast milk in neonatal host defense, and milk-borne peptide growth factors in human and bovine milk are also elaborated. This publication likewise covers the immunopathologic features of celiac disease, immune responses in protein-energy malnutrition, and bacterial translocation. This volume is suitable for experts and clinicians from the disciplines of mucosal immunology, intestinal physiology, and enteric neurophysiology.
Download or read book The Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease written by Dirk Haller and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-27 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides an overview on how the gut microbiome contributes to human health. The readers will get profound knowledge on the connection between intestinal microbiota and immune defense systems. The tools of choice to study the ecology of these highly-specialized microorganism communities such as high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic mining will be presented. In addition the most common diseases associated to the composition of the gut flora are discussed in detail. The book will address researchers, clinicians and advanced students working in biomedicine, microbiology and immunology.
Download or read book Recent Advances in T Cell Biology New Ligands New Functions and New Translational Perspectives written by Dieter Kabelitz and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-02-16 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gamma/delta (γδ) T-cells are a small subset of T-lymphocytes in the peripheral circulation but constitute a major T-cell population at other anatomical localizations such as the epithelial tissues. In contrast to conventional α/β T-cells, the available number of germline genes coding for T-cell receptor (TCR) variable elements of γδ T-cells is very small. Moreover, there is a prefential localization of γδ T-cells expressing given Vgamma and Vdelta genes in certain tissues. In humans, γδ T-cells expressing the Vg9Vd2-encoded TCR account for anywhere between 50 and >95% of peripheral blood γδ T-cells, whereas cells expressing non-Vd2 genes dominate in mucosal tissues. In mice, there is an ordered appearance of γδ T-cell „waves“ during embryonic development, resulting in preferential localization of γδ T-cells expressing distinct VgammaVdelta genes in the skin, the reproductive organs, or gut epithelia. The major function of γδ T-cells resides in local immunosurveillance and immune defense against infection and malignancy. This is supported by the identification of ligands that are selectively recognized by the γδ TCR. As an example, human Vgamma9Vdelta2 T-cells recognize phosphorylated metabolites („phosphoantigens“) that are secreted by many pathogens but can also be overproduced by tumor cells, providing a basis for a role of these γδ T-cells in both anti-infective and anti-tumor immunity. Similarly, the recognition of endothelial protein C receptor by human non-Vdelta2 γδ T-cells has recently been identified to provide a link for the role for such γδ T-cells in immunity against epithelial tumor cells and cytomegalovirus-infected endothelial cells. In addition to „classical“ functions such as cytokine production and cytotoxicity, recent studies suggest that subsets of γδ T-cells can exert additional functions such as regulatory activity and – quite surpisingly – „professional“ antigen-presenting capacity. It is currently not well known how this tremendous extent of functional plasticity is regulated and what is the extent of γδ TCR ligand diversity. Due to their non-MHC-restricted recognition of unusual stress-associated ligands, γδ T-cells have raised great interest as to their potential translational application in cell-based immunotherapy. Topics of this Research Focus include: Molecular insights into the activation and differentiation requirements of γδ T-cells, role of pyrophosphates and butyrophilin molecules for the activation of human γδ T-cells, role of γδ T-cells in tumor immunity and in other infectious and non-infectious diseases, and many others. We are most grateful to all colleagues who agreed to write a manuscript. Thanks to their contributions, this E-book presents an up-to-date overview on many facets of the still exciting γδ T-cells. Dieter Kabelitz & Julie Déchanet-Merville
Download or read book Bacterial Targets of Gut Mucosal Immunoglobulin A Responses in Healthy and Undernourished Children and in Gnotobiotic Mice Colonized with Human Gut Microbiota written by Joseph Planer and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The adaptive immune response to the human gut microbiota consists of a complex repertoire of antibodies interacting with a broad range of taxa. In mammals, immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the major class of antibody secreted at mucosal surfaces, where it promotes gut barrier function by preventing microbial and food antigens from interacting with host cells/tissues. The organisms targeted by gut mucosal IgA responses, the molecular targets of these secreted antibodies, and the environmental and genetic factors that shape these responses in the gut remain poorly defined. The central hypotheses of my thesis are: (i) IgA responses to human gut bacteria help to establish and maintain the mutually beneficial relationship between members of the microbiota and the host, including the fitness and expressed features of these members, (ii) IgA-targeting of specific bacterial taxa can serve as a biomarker for barrier disruption and be used to purify bacterial consortia with disease-effecting or disease-attenuating properties, and (iii) during the course of the first two years of postnatal life gut mucosal immune responses converge on a shared pattern of IgA-targeting in healthy infants that can be modeled within and between twin pairs and in gnotobiotic mice colonized with human fecal microbiota and fed diets representative of the donor human population. The first chapter in my thesis provides a brief synopsis of our current understanding of interactions between the microbiota and gut mucosal immunity. The second chapter contrasts the functional effects of two naturally-primed monoclonal IgAs that recognize distinct surface epitopes on the model human gut symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Studies in three collections of B. thetaiotaomicron isolates and in gnotobiotic mice monocolonized with B. thetaiotaomicron are used to explore strain- and species-level epitope conservation, the fitness effects of these conserved epitopes in vivo, and the effects of antibody binding on bacterial gene expression. In the third chapter, I examine interrelationships between the gut microbiota and intestinal IgA responses in children with varying degrees of undernutrition, and gut barrier function. This study used fluorescence-activated cell sorting to purify IgA-bound and unbound fractions of a fecal microbial community ('BugFACS'). We applied this technique to (i) fecal samples collected from mice harboring the fecal microbial communities of a Malawian twin pair discordant for kwashiorkor (a form of severe acute malnutrition), and fed either a sterile macro- and micronutrient deficient diet designed to represent the diets of the donor population or a nutrient sufficient diet, (ii) fecal samples collected from other twin pairs in this cohort that were discordant for severe acute malnutrition, and (iii) fecal samples collected from a second cohort of Malawian children with moderate acute malnutrition. These experiments disclosed that IgA responses to the bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae were robust biomarkers for health status. Follow-up experiments in gnotobiotic mice disclosed that a BugFACS-purified IgA+ consortium of bacteria could transmit a severe enteropathy characterized by rapid barrier disruption in the colon and small intestine, weight loss, and sepsis. Fractionation of this bacterial consortium disclosed that members of the Enterobacteriaceae were necessary but not sufficient to cause the profound weight loss and barrier disruption, while IgA-targeted members of the 'healthy' co-twin's microbiota could prevent these phenotypes. In the fourth chapter, I analyze the co-development of gut microbiota and gut mucosal IgA responses in a birth cohort of 40 healthy USA twin pairs. I model development of the gut microbiota using a Random Forests-based machine learning approach that yielded a set of 25 bacterial taxa that could describe the maturation of fecal microbial communities in unrelated children. Applying BugFACS to a subset of these fecal samples, I further characterize gut mucosal IgA responses to components of the microbiota, and show how they vary as a function of postnatal age, family, and diet. These analyses reveal that there is an identifiable pattern of progression of gut mucosal IgA responses to members of the microbiota from one that in the first several months of postnatal life is highly distinctive for family members sharing a common environment (exemplified by healthy twin pairs), to one that subsequently generalizes across families (twin pairs) during the second postnatal year. I then present data from gnotobiotic mouse experiments showing that IgA responses in these mice broadly mirrored those of the human donor population and recapitulated age-associated differences observed in the twin pairs. The fifth chapter of my thesis proposes several potential avenues for future research based on the findings in my thesis.
Download or read book The Chemistry of Microbiomes written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-07-19 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 21st century has witnessed a complete revolution in the understanding and description of bacteria in eco- systems and microbial assemblages, and how they are regulated by complex interactions among microbes, hosts, and environments. The human organism is no longer considered a monolithic assembly of tissues, but is instead a true ecosystem composed of human cells, bacteria, fungi, algae, and viruses. As such, humans are not unlike other complex ecosystems containing microbial assemblages observed in the marine and earth environments. They all share a basic functional principle: Chemical communication is the universal language that allows such groups to properly function together. These chemical networks regulate interactions like metabolic exchange, antibiosis and symbiosis, and communication. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Chemical Sciences Roundtable organized a series of four seminars in the autumn of 2016 to explore the current advances, opportunities, and challenges toward unveiling this "chemical dark matter" and its role in the regulation and function of different ecosystems. The first three focused on specific ecosystemsâ€"earth, marine, and humanâ€"and the last on all microbiome systems. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the seminars.
Download or read book Microbiome in Human Health and Disease written by Pallaval Veera Bramhachari and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-18 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides an overview on how the microbiome contributes to human health and disease. The microbiome has also become a burgeoning field of research in medicine, agriculture & environment. The readers will obtain profound knowledge on the connection between intestinal microbiota and immune defense systems, medicine, agriculture & environment. The book may address several researchers, clinicians and scholars working in biomedicine, microbiology and immunology. The application of new technologies has no doubt revolutionized the research initiatives providing new insights into the dynamics of these complex microbial communities and their role in medicine, agriculture & environment shall be more emphasized. Drawing on broad range concepts of disciplines and model systems, this book primarily provides a conceptual framework for understanding these human-microbe, animal-microbe & plant-microbe, interactions while shedding critical light on the scientific challenges that lie ahead. Furthermore this book explains why microbiome research demands a creative and interdisciplinary thinking—the capacity to combine microbiology with human, animal and plant physiology, ecological theory with immunology, and evolutionary perspectives with metabolic science.This book provides an accessible and authoritative guide to the fundamental principles of microbiome science, an exciting and fast-emerging new discipline that is reshaping many aspects of the life sciences. These microbial partners can also drive ecologically important traits, from thermal tolerance to diet in a typical immune system, and have contributed to animal and plant diversification over long evolutionary timescales. Also this book explains why microbiome research presents a more complete picture of the biology of humans and other animals, and how it can deliver novel therapies for human health and new strategies.
Download or read book Environmental Chemicals the Human Microbiome and Health Risk written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A great number of diverse microorganisms inhabit the human body and are collectively referred to as the human microbiome. Until recently, the role of the human microbiome in maintaining human health was not fully appreciated. Today, however, research is beginning to elucidate associations between perturbations in the human microbiome and human disease and the factors that might be responsible for the perturbations. Studies have indicated that the human microbiome could be affected by environmental chemicals or could modulate exposure to environmental chemicals. Environmental Chemicals, the Human Microbiome, and Health Risk presents a research strategy to improve our understanding of the interactions between environmental chemicals and the human microbiome and the implications of those interactions for human health risk. This report identifies barriers to such research and opportunities for collaboration, highlights key aspects of the human microbiome and its relation to health, describes potential interactions between environmental chemicals and the human microbiome, reviews the risk-assessment framework and reasons for incorporating chemicalâ€"microbiome interactions.
