Download or read book Methods for Minimizing Plastic Flow of Oil Shale During in Situ Retorting written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an in situ oil shale retorting process, plastic flow of hot rubblized oil shale is minimized by injecting carbon dioxide and water into spent shale above the retorting zone. These gases react chemically with the mineral constituents of the spent shale to form a cement-like material which binds the individual shale particles together and bonds the consolidated mass to the wall of the retort. This relieves the weight burden borne by the hot shale below the retorting zone and thereby minimizes plastic flow in the hot shale. At least a portion of the required carbon dioxide and water can be supplied by recycled product gases.

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 2022 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Synthetic Fuels written by United States. Patent and Trademark Office. Office of Technology Assessment and Forecast and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Federal Register written by and published by . This book was released on 1979-08 with total page 2084 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Method for Closing a Drift Between Adjacent in Situ Oil Shale Retorts written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A row of horizontally spaced-apart in situ oil shale retorts is formed in a subterranean formation containing oil shale. Each row of retorts is formed by excavating development drifts at different elevations through opposite side boundaries of a plurality of retorts in the row of retorts. Each retort is formed by explosively expanding formation toward one or more voids within the boundaries of the retort site to form a fragmented permeable mass of formation particles containing oil shale in each retort. Following formation of each retort, the retort development drifts on the advancing side of the retort are closed off by covering formation particles within the development drift with a layer of crushed oil shale particles having a particle size smaller than the average particle size of oil shale particles in the adjacent retort. In one embodiment, the crushed oil shale particles are pneumatically loaded into the development drift to pack the particles tightly all the way to the top of the drift and throughout the entire cross section of the drift. The closure between adjacent retorts provided by the finely divided oil shale provides sufficient resistance to gas flow through the development drift to effectively inhibit gas flow through the drift during subsequent retorting operations.

Download or read book Structural Deformation of Green River Oil Shale as it Relates to in Situ Retorting written by P. R. Tisot and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Technological Overview Reports for Eight Shale Oil Recovery Processes written by Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory (Cincinnati, Ohio). Energy Systems Environmental Control Division and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Control Strategies for Abandoned in Situ Oil Shale Retorts written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In situ oil shale retorting may result in a number of environmental impacts including degradation of local surface and groundwaters, low resource recovery, and subsidence. The target of present oil shale commercialization activities is the Mahogany zone in Colorado's Piceance Creek Basin. The principal oil shale resource in this area is surrounded by two confined aquifers. During mining and retorting, these aquifers are dewatered. When the site is abandoned, groundwater will reinvade the area and flow through the abandoned retorts, leaching potentially toxic or carcinogenic materials from the spent oil shale. This material may then be transported in local aquifers, withdrawn in wells or discharged into the Colorado River system as base flow. Certain control technologies appear potentially able to protect groundwater quality at reasonable cost. These include designing retort blocks to include a hydraulic bypass around abandoned retorts (about $0.50/bbl), placing absorbent clays in abandoned retorts to catch and hold leachable matter (about $0.50/bbl), collecting leachate and treating it on the surface (about $1.20/bbl), protecting abandoned retorts from leaching by placing a grout curtain around a block of abandoned retorts (about $2.00 to $3.00/bbl), or grouting abandoned retorts with spent shale (about $3 to $4/bbl).

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1979-05 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Methods for Refining Crude Shale Oil Produced in Situ Retorting written by Clyde M. Frost and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Experimental in Situ Retorting of Oil Shale at Rock Springs Wyo written by Edward L. Burwell and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Oil Shale Retorting Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book In Situ Retorting of Oil Shale written by Edward L. Burwell and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Process for in Situ Retorting of Oil Shale written by Marion L. Slusser and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Oil Shale Technology written by Sunggyu Lee and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-12-11 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the fundamental and engineering aspects of shale oil extraction, as well as the mathematical clarification of the complex transport mechanisms involved in oil shale pyrolysis. The influence of the chemical and physical environment on the enhancement of oil yield is explained, and ex situ and in situ technologies are reviewed and compared. The discussion on ex situ shale oil extraction includes both thermal and chemical extraction techniques such as retorting, solvent, and supercritical extraction. Parallels are drawn between the processes available for recovering and using other fossil fuel sources, such as coal and tar sands, and oil shale. In addition to covering the characteristics of oil shale, Oil Shale Technology summarizes the physical and chemical properties of shale oil obtained from various deposits around the world. The influence of the retorting process on the properties of the resulting oil shale is discussed, as are standardized techniques for determining these properties. Engineers, geologists, chemists, chemical engineers, and other researchers in the petroleum and chemical industries should consider this book an important reference resource.