Download or read book A Comparison between Direct Method and Grammar Translation Method Different Language Teaching Methods written by Bernd-Peter Liegener and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-10-22 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2017 in the subject Didactics for the subject English - Pedagogy, Literature Studies, grade: 82%, , language: English, abstract: Two methods of teaching foreign languages, the “Direct Method” and the “Grammar Translation Method” are described and compared. The underlying principles with main focus on acquisition of communicative skills and grammatical knowledge respectively are illustrated. Looking at possible results of either method we find that there is no gradual difference between them in the sense of better or worse, but that both have completely different targets. The suggestion is made to combine different methods in order to achieve multiple goals and to vary the emphasis according to individual goals. The most ancient and probably most fundamental controversy in language teaching is the one between “Direct Method” and “Grammar Translation Method”. Both of these have totally different underlying approaches. For interested educational stakeholders or educators, there are two important questions, they should think of before looking for an appropriate method: What do I want the students to achieve? How can the learners reach this goal? One can think of different goals which should be reached by teaching a language and every teacher will want to cover most of them in their teaching. The emphasis however is very divers between the different approaches that have been developed over the years. And the most apparent difference, a completely different idea of how to teach language shows up between the two mentioned methods and their approaches respectively. This is why it is so interesting and exciting to compare these two methods and this is why I will try to tackle that task in this paper. The first and main goal of teaching a language obviously is teaching the language. But here rises already the first question: What is the language that we want the learners to learn? Are we talking about skills in oral or written language? Is our focus more on active or passive language i.e. on speaking and writing or listening and reading respectively? Are we concerned about correctness or fluency? Does correctness mean formulating grammatically correct sentences or texts, does it refer to perfect pronunciation and intonation, are we talking about style aptly adapted to the contextual situation? And does fluency have to do with the speed of writing or speaking, with the ability to develop own ideas and own formulations while speaking or writing rather than using memorized phrases? Or do we want the learners to know about the language, understanding its structure, its roots, its development?
Download or read book Scott Thornbury s 30 Language Teaching Methods Pocket Editions written by Scott Thornbury and published by Cambridge University Press and Assessment. This book was released on 2017-12-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This easy-to-read book groups methods according to what they have in common, even if separated in time. At the same time, it rehabilitates some lost or forgotten methods, with a view to challenging current orthodoxies, especially with regard to such topics as translation, rote learning, authenticity, and communication. In doing this it aims to unpack, not just the history of methods, but the beliefs that underpin them and the benefits that still might possibly accrue from experimenting with them. Through its inclusion of interesting characters, intriguing anecdotes, and often bizarre techniques, the material is absorbing and engaging.
Download or read book Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching written by Jack C. Richards and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-04-09 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In addition to the approaches and methods covered in the first edition, this edition includes new chapters, such as whole language, multiple intelligences, neurolinguistic programming, competency-based language teaching, co-operative language learning, content-based instruction, task-based language teaching, and The Post-Methods Era.
Download or read book A Practical Grammar of the Latin Language written by G.J. Adler and published by Рипол Классик. This book was released on 1858 with total page 723 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Teaching Grammar in Second Language Classrooms written by Hossein Nassaji and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-03-17 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent SLA research recognizes the necessity of attention to grammar and demonstrates that form-focused instruction is especially effective when it is incorporated into a meaningful communicative context. Designed specifically for second-language teachers, this text identifies and explores the various options for integrating a focus on grammar and a focus on communication in classroom contexts and offers concrete examples of teaching activities for each option. Each chapter includes a description of the option, its theoretical and empirical background, examples of activities illustrating in a non-technical manner how it can be implemented in the classroom, questions for reflection, and a list of useful resources that teachers can consult for further information.
Download or read book The Grammar Translation Method written by Rene Tetzner and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2006-04-09 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2004 in the subject American Studies - Linguistics, grade: 13 out of 16, University of Bedfordshire (Luton Business School), 11 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: The grammar-translation method (GTM) to teach foreign languages dominated from the mid-nineteenth century to the beginning of World War Two and it is still used in some countries today. In the late eighteenth century, Prussia in Germany was the first place which began to establish GTM as the main method to teach a second language (L2) at national high schools, known as Gymnasiums. As Howatt (1997, p.131) stated the method took “... an almost impregnable position as the favoured methodology of the Prussian Gymnasien after their expansion in the early years of the nineteenth century”. Indeed GTM was in the mid-nineteenth century the only widely used teaching method in the schools, not only in Germany also in other European countries. Originally it was used to teach Greek and Latin. Five hundred years ago Latin was the “official” or main language of education, religion, business and authorities in Europe. After political changes in Europe Latin changed gradually (a process of more than three hundred years) from a living language to “a school curriculum language” and was replaced by English, German, French or Italian as the main language for communication purposes (Richards and Rodgers, 1997). In the mid-nineteenth century, Latin remained as an important subject in education for the upper class. For centuries Latin was taught to understand the fundamentals of grammar and translation in order to read or interpret Latin texts. Most of the students who were taught Latin were very well educated and therefore it was easier for them to learn a different language. It was thought that the same teaching method to teach Latin could be used to teach other foreign languages such as German, French or English. The same method to teach very well educated people should suit to teach younger learners as well. In the mid-nineteenth century the main aim was to learn a L2 for the purpose of gaining access to its literature in order to develop the learner’s minds mentally. Due to this historical background GTM is also known as the traditional or classical method, as the grammar school method or in America as the Prussian method. Along with industrialisation more opportunities for communication had been arising especially in Europe and consequently new methods for language teaching were developed in order to meet the needs of the new class of language learners (Howatt, 1997).
Download or read book How to Teach Grammar written by Scott Thornbury and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching written by Diane Larsen-Freeman and published by Oxford University. This book was released on 2000 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a practical overview of the most important methods in the field. Readers are drawn into classrooms where various teaching methods and approaches are being used. They are encouraged to reflect on their own beliefs and to develop their own approach to language teaching. - Publisher.
Download or read book The History of Grammar in Foreign Language Teaching written by COFFEY and published by Languages and Culture in History. This book was released on 2020-12-03 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking a broadly chronological approach, this volume of original essays traces the origins of the concept of 'grammar'. In doing so, it charts the social, moral and cultural factors that have shaped the development of grammar from antiquity, via the Middle Ages, Renaissance and Modern Europe, to current education systems and language learning pedagogy. The chapters examine key turning points in the history of language teaching epistemology, focusing on grammar for 'foreign' language teaching across different European cultural contexts. Bringing together leading scholars of classical and modern languages education, this book offers the first single-source reference on the evolving concept of grammar across cultural and linguistic borders in Western language education. It therefore represents a valuable resource for teachers, teacher-educators and course designers, as well as students and scholars of historical linguistics, and of second and foreign language education.
Download or read book Polyglot How I Learn Languages written by Kat— Lomb and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: KAT LOMB (1909-2003) was one of the great polyglots of the 20th century. A translator and one of the first simultaneous interpreters in the world, Lomb worked in 16 languages for state and business concerns in her native Hungary. She achieved further fame by writing books on languages, interpreting, and polyglots. Polyglot: How I Learn Languages, first published in 1970, is a collection of anecdotes and reflections on language learning. Because Dr. Lomb learned her languages as an adult, after getting a PhD in chemistry, the methods she used will be of particular interest to adult learners who want to master a foreign language.
Download or read book Teaching Grammar to a Grammar Free Generation written by Tamilla Mammadova and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2019-01-08 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a unique book that covers innovative grammar teaching approaches and techniques for a modern generation of EFL/ESL students. It juxtaposes traditional grammar teaching methods with newer ones, and reveals the advantages and disadvantages of each. Moreover, it provides free and controlled grammar activities which offer instructors an ample variety of tasks that facilitate EFL/ESL teachers’ work to practice certain grammatical patterns.
Download or read book The Natural Approach written by Stephen D. Krashen and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1990-04-01 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book English Grammar Instruction That Works written by Evelyn Rothstein and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2008-11-11 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Andrew and Evelyn Rothstein have given teachers a model for teaching the structure of our language with fun and interesting strategies that can be used at all grade levels. They show teachers how to take grammar instruction from a stand-alone subject to an integral part of a complete literacy program." —Kim Whitling, Fifth-Grade Inclusion Teacher Franklinville Central School, NY Build strong grammar skills to help students become better readers, writers, and communicators! With today′s diverse and standards-driven classroom environment, teachers are eager for a new approach to grammar instruction—one that builds understanding of the structure and nuances of English. This practical guide points the way to fun, engaging, and effective grammar teaching for Grades K–12. Designed for classroom teachers, this resource covers grammar fundamentals that support vocabulary and writing skills. Readers will discover teaching strategies that encourage creativity and critical thought, based on a realistic approach to children′s language development. This guide provides: Clear explanations of grammatical terms as a refresher for teachers Easy-to-implement classroom activities, including examples and word play from children′s literature Appropriate techniques for a broad audience of students, with specific suggestions for English language learners Background on the development of English as a global language, promoting students′ respect for diverse cultures A teaching approach that supports the National Council of Teachers of English standards for English language arts Help your students develop a deep understanding of English grammar and build a solid foundation for academic achievement and lifelong communications skills.
Download or read book Latin by the Natural Method written by William Most and published by . This book was released on 2015-11-30 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Preface: Most Americans who have studied Latin, with our priests and seminarians included, have employed this method, which they thought was 'traditional'. But as something fully developed, this tradition scarcely goes farther back than 1880; and even in its beginnings it hardly antedates the seventeenth century. In contrast to this method of grammatical analysis, Father Most's textbooks reproduce much of the "natural method" by which children learn their native language. Hence, the significance of Father Most's books is manifestly great for the Latin classes in any Catholic high schools or colleges. So much of our Catholic doctrine and culture have been deposited in Latin that we want many of our educated Catholics to be able to use Latin with ease. But the special significance of Father Most's texts is for the Latin classes in our seminaries. Here the students still have much the same cogent motives to master the art of using Latin with ease as the pupils of the thirteenth or sixteenth century. They need it as an indispensable means of communicating thought in their higher studies, and afterwards throughout life. The objectives (knowledge about Latin and training of mind) and corresponding methods (grammatical analysis and translation) "traditional" since 1880 have taken over in our seminaries; and there too the students have been experiencing an ever growing inability to use Latin. Father Most's textbooks can contribute much towards revolutionizing the teaching of Latin by bringing back, as the chief objective, the art of reading, writing, and (when desired) speaking Latin with ease." Fr. Most's textbooks can be classed in categories of similar texts, such as Hans Ørberg's Lingua Latina, as well as Ecce Romani which is a simplification of Ørberg or others which aim to teach Latin not even so much as a modern language, as to teach it by a method more natural to the philosophy of learning Languages. Fr. Most's text follows the view that Latin of the later period is actually more advanced in communicating ideas and is easier to learn than Latin of the classical period, and thus this Second Volume begins the transition with readings and vocabulary from the Vulgate, continuing with the more ancient collects of the 1962 Missale Romanum, St. Cyprian and culminating with a reading from the Roman Historian Sallust. This is an excellent text applying the "natural method" with English language instruction to help the student read and understand Latin natively, with numerous vehicles for simplifying the necessary memorization as well as aiding in truly understanding Latin without constant need to look in a dictionary for rudimentary sentences. This is reprinted from the 1960 edition, and follows the presentation of the text found in that edition.
Download or read book Handbook of Foreign Language Communication and Learning written by Karlfried Knapp and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2009-12-15 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on how far the policies, principles and practices of foreign language teaching and learning are, or can be, informed by theoretical considerations and empirical findings from the linguistic disciplines. Part I deals with the nature of foreign language learning in general, while Part II explores issues arising from linguistic, socio-political, cultural and cognitive perspectives. Part III and IV then consider the different factors that have to be taken into account in designing the foreign language subject and the various approaches to pedagogy that have been proposed. Part V finally addresses questions concerning assessment of learner proficiency and the evaluation of courses designed to promote it. Key features: provides a state-of-the-art description of different areas in the context of foreign language communication and learning presents a critical appraisal of the relevance of the field offers solutions to everyday language-related problems with contributions from renowned experts
Download or read book Grammar written by Rob Batstone and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1994-10-13 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes a sequence of tasks designed to help teachers apply to their own classroom practice the information in the text.
Download or read book Grammar for Language Arts Teachers written by Alice Heim Calderonello and published by Addison-Wesley Longman. This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With clear, accessible language and practical, concrete examples from real writing and teaching situations, Grammar for Language Arts Teachers (GLAT) provides a contextualized and comprehensive overview of English grammar. Unlike other advanced grammar textbooks,GLAT has been developed for pre-service teachers "from the ground up." The result is a practical and effective text that provides students with a solid foundation in grammar as well as classroom-tested strategies for applying these principles to students' own writing and teaching methods. Avoiding technical discussions that focus on terminology and overly subtle distinctions, GLAT is built upon straightforward instruction, lively examples, compelling exercises, and clear connections to classroom applications. GLAT is designed to not only broaden students' knowledge of English grammar, but also help students become better communicators, competent users of the English language, and more effective language arts teachers.
