Download or read book Metastable Phase Materials written by Qi Shao and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-08-26 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes an arising branch of materials, metastable materials, which are rarely discussed before and addresses their applications in catalytic reactions.
Download or read book Metastable Phase Materials written by Qi Shao and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-04-02 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the cutting-edge progress of a promising class of materials significant for use in energy technologies as catalysts Materials are said to be metastable-phases if they can retain their stability when subjected only to slight disturbances. Materials in metastable-phases can have very different properties from those in a state of equilibrium, and can perform very differently under conditions of experimentation, work, or industrial use. Metastable-phase materials are therefore a promising area of study in a variety of different fields, including cutting-edge industries. Metastable-Phase Materials constitute a wide-ranging overview of these materials, their properties, and their applications. Beginning with an overall characterization of metastable-phase materials and their normal modes of synthesis, it characterizes the most important branch of metastable-phase materials and reviews a range of catalytic applications. The result is a critical contribution to materials science and catalytic chemistry with potentially far-reaching implications. Metastable-Phase Materials readers will also find: Treatment of metastable-phase metal materials, 2D metastable-phase materials, and spin-dependent metastable-phase materials Detailed discussion of metastable-phase material applications in electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, thermalcatalysis, and more State-of-the-art technological applications in a myriad of areas Metastable-Phase Materials are ideal for materials scientists, catalytic chemists, inorganic chemists, photochemists, electrochemists, organic chemists, and the libraries that serve these communities.
Download or read book Phase Transitions in Polymers The Role of Metastable States written by Stephen Z.D. Cheng and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-09-10 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A classical metastable state possesses a local free energy minimum at infinite sizes, but not a global one. This concept is phase size independent. We have studied a number of experimental results and proposed a new concept that there exists a wide range of metastable states in polymers on different length scales where their metastability is critically determined by the phase size and dimensionality. Metastable states are also observed in phase transformations that are kinetically impeded on the pathway to thermodynamic equilibrium. This was illustrated in structural and morphological investigations of crystallization and mesophase transitions, liquid-liquid phase separation, vitrification and gel formation, as well as combinations of these transformation processes. The phase behaviours in polymers are thus dominated by interlinks of metastable states on different length scales. This concept successfully explains many experimental observations and provides a new way to connect different aspects of polymer physics. * Written by a leading scholar and industry expert* Presents new and cutting edge material encouraging innovation and future research* Connects hot topics and leading research in one concise volume
Download or read book Metastable Phases and Microstructures Volume 400 written by Rüdiger Bormann and published by . This book was released on 1996-07-25 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials with metastable structures and microstructures have been used with success to create unusual structural and functional properties and property combinations. Highly nonequilibrium technologies for creating metastable materials have been devised which allow materials to be prepared far away from the thermodynamic equilibrium. Using these methods, materials can now be designed to possess specific properties tailored to fit an application, rather than fitting an application to the properties of available materials. However, as these materials are metastable with respect to structural and compositional changes under temperature, there is great concern for understanding and controlling their limitations. This book features both fundamental as well as applied aspects of the subject by stressing the structure/property relationships, the conditions for stability of these materials, and the requirements for technological applications. In addition to the synthesis, processing, characterization, properties, and applications of such materials, attention is also focused on the modelling of structures, phenomena and processes. Topics include: synthesis and processing; thermodynamic and kinetics; phase transformations and properties and applications.
Download or read book Metastable Alloys Preparation and Properties written by K.W. Samwer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-01-13 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains most of the papers presented at symposium D, one of the four symposia that formed the 1988 Strasbourg Spring Conference. The three day programme consisted of nine oral sessions; a poster session and a plenary talk giving an overview of current topics in hard magnetic materials. Scientists involved in basic as well as applied research concentrated their discussions on the fundamental processes relevant for the formation of metastable alloys such as amorphous alloys (metallic glasses), microcrystalline, quasicrystalline and nanocrystalline alloys and their applications. These materials are proving to be of considerable interest to research workers because of their possible application in the electronics industry, e.g. as diffusion barriers in devices or as data storage media.
Download or read book An Introduction to Aspects of Thermodynamics and Kinetics Relevant to Materials Science written by Eugene Machlin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-07 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on a set of notes developed over many years for an introductory course taught to seniors and entering graduate students in materials science. An Introduction to Aspects of Thermodynamics and Kinetics Relevant to Materials Science is about the application of thermodynamics and kinetics to solve problems within Materials Science. Emphasis is to provide a physical understanding of the phenomenon under discussion, with the mathematics presented as a guide. The problems are used to provide practice in quantitative application of principles, and also to give examples of applications of the general subject matter to problems having current interest and to emphasize the important physical concepts. End of chapter problems are included, as are references, and bibliography to reinforce the text. This book provides students with the theory and mathematics to understand the important physical understanding of phenomena. Based on a set of notes developed over many years for an introductory course taught to seniors and entering graduate students in materials science Provides students with the theory and mathematics to understand the important physical understanding of phenomena Includes end of chapter problems, references, and bibliography to reinforce the text
Download or read book Non equilibrium Processing of Materials written by C. Suryanarayana and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-07-22 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid technological developments during the later half of the 20th century have demanded materials that are stronger, capable of use at much higher temperatures, more corrosion-resistant, and much less expensive than those currently used. These demands become even more significant on the threshold of the new century and the millennium. Significant improvements in properties can only be achieved by processing the materials under far-from-equilibrium (or non-equilibrium) conditions. Several new processing technologies have been developed during the past few decades including, rapid solidification, spray forming, mechanical alloying, ion mixing, vapor deposition, laser processing and plasma processing. Remarkable advances have been made in recent years in the science and technology of these processes used to synthesize, characterize, and apply these materials processed under non-equilibrium conditions. Some of these techniques have evolved from laboratory curiosity to commercial-scale manufacturing in just a few years. In other cases, industrial necessity prompted development of the technology, and the science followed later. The chapters in this book have been written by people who are world-recognized experts in their respective fields. Each chapter describes the principles, processing techniques, special features of the materials produced, and their applications. An extensive list of references is provided at the end of each chapter that will facilitate location of additional information on specific aspects of any technique.
Download or read book Phase Transformations of Elements Under High Pressure written by E. Yu Tonkov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As laboratories replace heavy hydraulic presses and bulky high-pressure chambers with miniature diamond anvils, traditional heaters with laser heating, and continue to improve methods of shock compression, there has been considerable new data obtained from the high-pressure, high-temperature modification of pure elements. The dense metallic modification of elements shows the potential for achieving superconductivity akin to theoretical predictions. Phase Transformations of Elements Under High Pressure contains the latest theoretical and experimental information on nearly 100 elements, including first-and second-phase transitions, melting lines, crystal structures of stable and metastable phases, stability of polymorphic modifications, and other useful properties and data. It emphasizes features such as changes in the liquid state, amorphization, and metallization, and provides temperature-pressure diagrams for every element. The book also describes the transitions of polymeric forms of fullerene, crystal modifications of elements stable under high pressures, and provides data that confirms their superconducting and magnetic properties. This handbook will be a lasting reference for scientists in a broad range of disciplines, including solid-state physics, chemistry, crystallography, mineralogy, and materials science.
Download or read book Phase Transitions in Materials written by Brent Fultz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-08-14 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A clear, concise and rigorous textbook covering phase transitions in the context of advances in electronic structure and statistical mechanics.
Download or read book Phase Diagrams 6 III written by Allen Alper and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase Diagrams: Materials Science and Technology, Volume III is an eight-chapter text that deals with the use of phase diagrams in electronic materials and glass technology. This volume first describes several crystal-growth techniques and the use of phase diagrams in crystals grown from high-temperature systems. This is followed by discussions on phase problems encountered in semiconductor studies with compound semiconductors and the use of phase diagrams in illustrating superconducting state and superconductivity property of materials. A chapter deals with the preparation of metastable phases by rapid quenching from the liquid (splat cooling) and the alloy constitution changes associated with their formation and properties, with a particular emphasis on the phase-diagram representation of metastable alloy phases. The discussion then shifts to metastable liquid immiscibility, occurrence, techniques of study, mechanisms of microphase separation, phase diagrams, and practical applications. This volume also examines the use of phase diagrams to obtain solubility data for high-temperature systems assisting in the prediction of dissolution behavior. The concluding chapters explore the relationships between phase diagrams and the structure of glass-forming oxide and phase studies of molten salts and their interactions with other salts and oxides. This book will be useful to all scientists, engineers, and materials science students who are investigating and developing materials, as well as to the end users of the materials.
Download or read book Metastable and Nanostructured Materials IV written by J. Federico Chávez Alcalá and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2011-06-14 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 4th Workshop on Metastable and Nanostructured Materials (NANOMAT 2009), ESIQIE-IPN, Mexico City, August 23- 26, 2009
Download or read book Nucleation and Crystal Growth written by Keshra Sangwal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-10-16 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique text presenting practical information on the topic of nucleation and crystal growth processes from metastable solutions and melts Nucleation and Crystal Growth is a groundbreaking text thatoffers an overview and description of the processes and phenomena associated with metastability of solutions and melts. The author—a noted expert in the field—puts the emphasis on low-temperature solutions that are typically involved in crystallization in a wide range of industries. The text begins with a review of the basic knowledge of solutions and the fundamentals of crystallization processes. The author then explores topics related to the metastable state of solutions and melts from the standpoint of three-dimensional nucleation and crystal growth. Nucleation and Crystal Growth is the first text that contains a unified description and discussion of the many processes and phenomena occurring in the metastable zone of solutions and melts from the consideration of basic concepts of structure of crystallization. This important text: Outlines an interdisciplinary approach to the topic and offers an essential guide for crystal growth practitioners in materials science, physics, and chemical engineering Contains a comprehensive content that details the crystallization processes starting from the initial solutions and melts, all the way through nucleation, to the final crystal products Presents a unique focus and is the first book on understanding, and exploiting, metastability of solutions and melts in crystallization processes Written for specialists and researchers in the fields of materials science, condensed matter physics, and chemical engineering. Nucleation and Crystal Growth is a practical resource filled with hands-on knowledge of nucleation and crystal growth processes from metastable solutions and melts.
Download or read book Phase Equilibria Phase Diagrams and Phase Transformations written by Mats Hillert and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-11-22 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational tools allow material scientists to model and analyze increasingly complicated systems to appreciate material behavior. Accurate use and interpretation however, requires a strong understanding of the thermodynamic principles that underpin phase equilibrium, transformation and state. This fully revised and updated edition covers the fundamentals of thermodynamics, with a view to modern computer applications. The theoretical basis of chemical equilibria and chemical changes is covered with an emphasis on the properties of phase diagrams. Starting with the basic principles, discussion moves to systems involving multiple phases. New chapters cover irreversible thermodynamics, extremum principles, and the thermodynamics of surfaces and interfaces. Theoretical descriptions of equilibrium conditions, the state of systems at equilibrium and the changes as equilibrium is reached, are all demonstrated graphically. With illustrative examples - many computer calculated - and worked examples, this textbook is an valuable resource for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in materials science and engineering.
Download or read book Theoretical Advancements Towards Understanding Crystalline Metastability During Materials Synthesis written by Wenhao Sun (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predicting the conditions in which a compound adopts a metastable structure when it crystallizes out of solution is an unsolved and fundamental problem in materials synthesis, and one which if understood and harnessed, could enable the rational design of synthesis pathways towards or away from metastable structures. Although metastable phases are ubiquitous in both nature and technology, only a heuristic understanding of their underlying thermodynamics and formation mechanisms exists. In this thesis, we aim to address two important outstanding questions regarding the fundamental nature of metastability: Which metastable phases can form? Under which conditions will they form? We will employ a variety of computational and theoretical approaches to elucidate quantitative insights to these two questions. To better predict which metastable materials can be made, we first seek to understand the metastable materials that have been made. We data-mine the Materials Project, a high-throughput database of DFT-calculated energetics of ICSD structures, to explicitly quantify the energy scale of metastability for 29,902 inorganic crystalline phases. We reveal the influence of chemistry and composition on the accessible range of crystalline metastability, and identify motifs characteristic of highly metastable compounds. We further assert that not all low-energy metastable materials can necessarily be made, and argue for a concept of "remnant metastability" - that observable metastable phases are remnants of thermodynamic conditions where they were once the lowest free-energy phase. Recently, exciting thermochemistry experiments have demonstrated that for many compounds, as metastability of a phase increases, its surface energy decreases. This effect is significant enough to trigger a reversal of relative phase stability in nanoparticles. Because nucleation and growth starts at the nanoscale, we hypothesize that the direct precipitation of metastable phases during crystallization may be 'remnant metastability' of size-dependent nanoscale phase stability. We develop algorithms for the automated, efficient, and high-throughput calculation of surface energies via DFT. We combine these algorithms with prior theoretical frameworks to predict solid-aqueous equilibria, enabling the calculation of nucleation barriers of competing polymorphs as a function of solution chemistry, thereby predicting the solution conditions governing polymorph selection. We apply this approach to resolve the long-standing 'Calcite-Aragonite Problem' - the observation that calcium carbonate precipitates as the metastable aragonite polymorph in marine environments, rather than the stable phase calcite - which is of tremendous relevance to biomineralization, carbon sequestration, paleogeochemistry, and the vulnerability of marine life to ocean acidification. We identify a direct relationship between the calcite surface energy and solution Mg/Ca ion concentrations, showing that the calcite nucleation barrier surpasses that of metastable aragonite in solutions with Mg/Ca ratios consistent with modern seawater, allowing aragonite to dominate the kinetics of nucleation. Our ability to quantify how solution parameters distinguish between polymorphs marks an important step towards the ab initio prediction of materials synthesis pathways in solution.
Download or read book Phase Change Materials written by Simone Raoux and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-10 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Phase Change Materials: Science and Applications" provides a unique introduction of this rapidly developing field. Clearly written and well-structured, this volume describes the material science of these fascinating materials from a theoretical and experimental perspective. Readers will find an in-depth description of their existing and potential applications in optical and solid state storage devices as well as reconfigurable logic applications. Researchers, graduate students and scientists with an interest in this field will find "Phase Change Materials" to be a valuable reference.
Download or read book Synthesis and Properties of Metastable Phases written by Theodore Justin Rowland and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book First Order Phase Transitions of Magnetic Materials written by Praveen Chaddah and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces new concepts in the phenomenon of 1st order phase transitions. It discusses the concept of kinetic arrest at a certain temperature, with this temperature being dependent on the second control variable (magnetic field, or pressure). It discusses interesting manifestations of this phenomenon when the 1st order transition is broadened, i.e. occurs over a finite range of temperatures. Many examples of this phenomenon, observed recently in many materials, will also be discussed.
