Download or read book Metals Make the World Go Round written by C. F. E. Pare and published by Oxbow Books Limited. This book was released on 2000 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains bibliographic references. Bronze and the Bronze Age / Christopher Pare -- Circulation of copper in the early Bronze Age in mainland Greece : the lead isotope evidence from Lerna, Lithares and Tsoungiza / Maria Kayafa, Sophie Stos-Gale and Noel Gale -- Trade in metals in the Bronze Age Mediterranean : an overview of lead isotope data from provenance studies / Sophie Stos-Gale -- 'Buried' metal in late Minoan inheritance customs / Evanthia Baboula -- Circulation of metals and the end of the Bronze Age in the eastern Mediterranean / Susan Sherratt -- Sicilian hoards and protohistoric metal trade in the central West Mediterranean / Claudio Giardino -- Metals make the world go round : the copper supply for Frattesina / Mark Pearce -- Metallurgy and social dynamics in the later prehistory of Mediterranean Spain / Margarita DÃ◆az-Andreu and Ignacio Montero -- Patronage and clientship ; a model for the Atlantic final Bronze Age in the Iberian Peninsula / Richard Harrison and Alfredo Mederos MartÃ◆n -- Mining, processing and distribution of bronze : reflections on the organization of metal supply between the northern Alps and the Danube region / Stefan Winghart -- Rent asunder : ritual violence in late Bronze Age hoards / Louis Nebelsick -- Metal circulation, communication and traditions of craftsmanship in late Bronze Age and early Iron Age Europe / Christoph Huth -- Hoarding and the circulation of metalwork in late Bronze Age Denmark : quantification and beyond / Koen Verlaeckt -- Late Bronze Age axe hoards in western and northern Europe / Regina Maraszek -- Value and exchange of bronzes in the Baltic area and in north-east Europe / Andrzej Pydyn -- Introduction to weight systems in the Bronze Age east Mediterranean : the case of Kalavasos-Ayios Dhimitrios / Hanne Lassen -- Balance weights from the late Bronze Age shipwreck at Uluburun / Cemal Pulak -- Weight systems and exchange networks in Bronze Age Europe / Marisa Ruiz-Gálvez.

Download or read book Circuits of Metal Value written by Toby C. Wilkinson and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2023-03-23 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the part played by different metals in use from the fourth millennium BC to the Early Iron Age, not only in the Aegean but also in the wider Old World. It addresses the divergent uses and roles of different metals, the interrelationships of these roles and the changing values that may have been accorded to them at different times and in different places by producers and consumers. Individually, the papers in the volume contemplate the particular properties of different metals and the various issues concerning their frequent under-representation in the archaeological (but not necessarily textual) record, and also point out comparative and diachronic perspectives that may have the ability to offer insights into their important roles in wider cultural and historical changes over a period of several millennia. After the Introduction and Chapter 1, which reflects on some of the parameters involved in the term ‘precious’ as applied to metals, the remaining six chapters cover the Aegean and the networks that link the Aegean with Italy, Cyprus and the Near East more generally, and south-east Anatolia and the Caucasus. Between them they discuss the beginnings of regular iron metallurgy, the uses of and attitudes to gold, silver and bronze and other copper-based alloys at various times between the fourth millennium BC and the Early Iron Age.

Download or read book Archaeometallurgy in Global Perspective written by Benjamin W. Roberts and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-07 with total page 866 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of ancient metals in their social and cultural contexts has been a topic of considerable interest in archaeology and ancient history for decades, partly due to the modern dependence on technology and man-made materials. The formal study of Archaeometallurgy began in the 1970s-1980s, and has seen a recent growth in techniques, data, and theoretical movements. This comprehensive sourcebook on Archaeometallurgy provides an overview of earlier research as well as a review of modern techniques, written in an approachable way. Covering an extensive range of archaeological time-periods and regions, this volume will be a valuable resource for those studying archaeology worldwide. It provides a clear, straightforward look at the available methodologies, including: • Smelting processes • Slag analysis • Technical Ceramics • Archaeology of Mining and Field Survey • Ethnoarchaeology • Chemical Analysis and Provenance Studies • Conservation Studies With chapters focused on most geographic regions of Archaeometallurgical inquiry, researchers will find practical applications for metallurgical techniques in any area of their study. Ben Roberts is a specialist in the early metallurgy and later prehistoric archaeology of Europe. He was the Curator of the European Copper and Bronze Age collections at the British Museum between 2007 and 2012 and is now a Lecturer in Prehistoric Europe in the Departm ent of Archaeology at the Durham University, UK. Chris Thornton is a specialist in the ancient metallurgy of the Middle East, combining anthropological theory with archaeometrical analysis to understand the development and diffusion of metallurgical technologies throughout Eurasia. He is currently a Consulting Scholar of the University of Pennsylvania Museum, where he received his PhD in 2009, and the Lead Program Officer of research grants at the National Geographic Society.

Download or read book Cultures of Commodity Branding written by Andrew Bevan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-06-16 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributions in this volume document, both in past social contexts and recent ones, the need to understand branded commodities as part of a broader continuum with techniques of gift-giving, ritual, and sacrifice.

Download or read book Archaeological Artefacts as Material Culture written by Linda Hurcombe and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an introduction to the study of artefacts, setting them in a social context rather than using a purely scientific approach. Drawing on a range of different cultures and extensively illustrated, Archaeological Artefacts and Material Culture covers everything from recovery strategies and recording procedures to interpretation through typology, ethnography and experiment, and every type of material including wood, fibers, bones, hides and adhesives, stone, clay, and metals. With over seventy illustrations with almost fifty in full colour, this book not only provides the tools an archaeologist will need to interpret past societies from their artefacts, but also a keen appreciation of the beauty and tactility involved in working with these fascinating objects. This is a book no archaeologist should be without, but it will also appeal to anybody interested in the interaction between people and objects.

Download or read book Dynamics of Production in the Ancient Near East written by Juan Carlos Moreno Garcia and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2016-10-11 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transition between the 2nd and the 1st millennium BC was an era of deep economic changes in the ancient Near East. An increasing monetization of transactions, a broader use of silver, the management of the resources of temples through “entrepreneurs”, the development of new trade circuits and an expanding private, small-scale economy, transformed the role previously played by institutions such as temples and royal palaces. The 17 essays collected here analyze the economic transformations which affected the old dominant powers of the Late Bronze Age, their adaptation to a new economic environment, the emergence of new economic actors and the impact of these changes on very different social sectors and geographic areas, from small communities in the oases of the Egyptian Western Desert to densely populated urban areas in Mesopotamia. Egypt was not an exception. Traditionally considered as a conservative and highly hierarchical and bureaucratic society, Egypt shared nevertheless many of these characteristics and tried to adapt its economic organization to the challenges of a new era. In the end, the emergence of imperial super-powers (Assyria, Babylonia, Persia and, to a lesser extent, Kushite and Saite Egypt) can be interpreted as the answer of former palatial organizations to the economic and geopolitical conditions of the early Iron Age. A new order where competition for the control of flows of wealth and of strategic trading areas appears crucial.

Download or read book On the Ocean written by Barry W. Cunliffe and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of the contest between humans and the sea, played out in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic from early prehistory until AD 1500.

Download or read book The Rural Landscapes of Archaic Cyprus written by Catherine Kearns and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-10-31 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ninth to the fifth centuries BCE saw a series of significant historical transformations across Cyprus, especially in the growth of towns and in developments in the countryside. In this book, Catherine Kearns argues that changing patterns of urban and rural sedentism drove social changes as diverse communities cultivated new landscape practices. Climatic changes fostered uneven relationships between people, resources like land, copper, and wood, and increasingly important places like rural sanctuaries and cemeteries. Bringing together a range of archaeological, textual, and scientific evidence, the book examines landscapes, environmental history, and rural practices to argue for their collective instrumentality in the processes driving Iron Age political formations. It suggests how rural households managed the countryside, interacted with the remains of earlier generations, and created gathering spaces alongside the development of urban authorities. Offering new insights into landscape archaeologies, Dr Kearns contributes to current debates about society's relationships with changing environments.

Download or read book Individuals and Society in Mycenaean Pylos written by Dimitri Nakassis and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book revises our understanding of Mycenaean society through a detailed prosopographical analysis of individuals attested in the administrative texts from the Palace of Nestor at Pylos in southwestern Greece, ca. 1200 BC.

Download or read book Destruction and Its Impact on Ancient Societies at the End of the Bronze Age written by Jesse Millek and published by Lockwood Press. This book was released on 2023-02-15 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a groundbreaking reassessment of the destructions that allegedly occurred at sites across the eastern Mediterranean at the end of the Late Bronze Age, and challenges the numerous grand theories that have been put forward to account for them. The author demonstrates that earthquakes, warfare, and destruction all played a much smaller role in this period than the literature of the past several decades has claimed, and makes the case that the end of the Late Bronze Age was a far less dramatic and more protracted process than is generally believed.

Download or read book On the Ocean written by Sir Barry Cunliffe and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-12-15 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For humans the sea is, and always has been, an alien environment. Ever moving and ever changing in mood, it is a place without time, in contrast to the land which is fixed and scarred by human activity giving it a visible history. While the land is familiar, even reassuring, the sea is unknown and threatening. By taking to the sea humans put themselves at its mercy. It has often been perceived to be an alien power teasing and cajoling. The sea may give but it takes. Why, then, did humans become seafarers? Part of the answer is that we are conditioned by our genetics to be acquisitive animals: we like to acquire rare materials and we are eager for esoteric knowledge, and society rewards us well for both. Looking out to sea most will be curious as to what is out there - a mysterious island perhaps but what lies beyond? Our innate inquisitiveness drives us to explore. Barry Cunliffe looks at the development of seafaring on the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, two contrasting seas — the Mediterranean without a significant tide, enclosed and soon to become familiar, the Atlantic with its frightening tidal ranges, an ocean without end. We begin with the Middle Palaeolithic hunter gatherers in the eastern Mediterranean building simple vessels to make their remarkable crossing to Crete and we end in the early years of the sixteenth century with sailors from Spain, Portugal and England establishing the limits of the ocean from Labrador to Patagonia. The message is that the contest between humans and the sea has been a driving force, perhaps the driving force, in human history.

Download or read book Black Ships and Sea Raiders written by Jeffrey P. Emanuel and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2017-12-20 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The end of the Bronze Age in the Eastern Mediterranean was a time of social, political, and economic upheaval – conditions reflected, in many ways, in the world of Homer’s Odyssey. Jeffrey P. Emanuel examines the Odyssey’s Second Cretan Lie (xiv 191 – 359) in the context of this watershed transition, with particular emphasis on raiding, warfare, maritime technology and tactics, and the evidence for the so-called ‘Sea Peoples’ who have been connected to the events of this period. He focuses in particular on the hero’s description of his frequent raiding activities and on his subsequent sojourn in the land of the pharaohs, and connections between Odysseus’ false narrative and the historical experiences of one particular Sea Peoples group: the ‘Sherden of the Sea.’

Download or read book The Critique of Archaeological Economy written by Stefanos Gimatzidis and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-14 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book studies past economics from anthropological, archaeological, historical and sociological perspectives. By analyzing archeological and other evidence, it examines economic behavior and institutions in ancient societies. Adopting an interdisciplinary perspective, it critically discusses dominant economic models that have influenced the study of past economic relations in various disciplines, while at the same time highlighting alternative theoretical trajectories. In this regard, the book’s goal is not only to test theoretical models under scrutiny, but also to present evidence against the rationalization of past economic behavior according to the rules of modern markets. The contributing authors cover various topics, such as trade in the classical Greek world, concepts of commodity and value, and management of economic affluence.

Download or read book Bronze Age Metalworking in the Netherlands c 2000 800 BC written by M. H. G. Kuijpers and published by Sidestone Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost fifty years ago J. J. Butler started his research to trace the possible remains of a Bronze Age metalworker's workshop in the Netherlands. Yet, while metalworking has been deduced on the ground of the existence of regional types of axes and some scarce finds related to metalworking, the smith's workplace has remained elusive. In this Research Master Thesis I have tried to tackle this problem. I have considered both the social as well as the technological aspects of metalworking to be able to determine conclusively whether metalworking took place in the Netherlands or not. The first part of the thesis revolves around the social position of the smith and the social organization of metalworking. My approach entails a re-evaluation of the current theories on metalworking, which I believe to be unfounded and one-sided. They tend to disregard production of everyday objects of which the most prominent example is the axe. The second part deals with the technological aspects of metalworking and how these processes are manifested in the archaeological record. Based on evidence from archaeological sites elsewhere in Europe and with the aid of experimental archaeology a metalworking toolkit is constructed. Finally, a method is presented which might help archaeologists recognize the workplace of a Bronze Age smith.

Download or read book The Archaeology of Late Bronze Age Interaction and Mobility at the Gates of Europe written by Francesco Iacono and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-12-27 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interaction and mobility have attracted much interest in research within scholarly fields as different as archaeology, history, and more broadly the humanities. Critically assessing some of the most widespread views on interaction and its social impact, this book proposes an innovative perspective which combines radical social theory and currently burgeoning network methodologies. Through an in-depth analysis of a wealth of data often difficult to access, and illustrated by many diagrams and maps, the book highlights connections and their social implications at different scales ranging from the individual settlement to the Mediterranean. The resulting diachronic narrative explores social and economic trajectories over some seven centuries and sheds new light on the broad historical trends affecting the life of people living around the Middle Sea. The Bronze Age is the first period of intense interaction between early state societies of the Eastern Mediterranean and the small-scale communities to the west of Greece, with people and goods moving at a scale previously unprecedented. This encounter is explored from the vantage point of one of its main foci: Apulia, located in the southern Adriatic, at the junction between East and West and the entryway of one of the major routes for the resource-rich European continent.

Download or read book Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II written by Michael L. Galaty and published by Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press. This book was released on 2007-12-31 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised and expanded edition of the classic 1999 edited book includes all the chapters from the original volume plus a new, updated, introduction and several new chapters. The current book is an up-to-date review of research into Mycenaean palatial systems with chapters by archaeologists and Linear B specialists that will be useful to scholars, instructors, and advanced students. This book aims to define more accurately the term "palace" in light of both recent archaeological research in the Aegean and current anthropological thinking on the structure and origin of early states. Regional centers do not exist as independent entities. They articulate with more extensive sociopolitical systems. The concept of palace needs to be incorporated into enhanced models of Mycenaean state organization, ones that more completely integrate primary centers with networks of regional settlement and economy.

Download or read book An Archaeology of Skill written by Maikel H.G. Kuijpers and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-08-03 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Material is the mother of innovation and it is through skill that innovations are brought about. This core thesis that is developed in this book identifies skill as the linchpin of – and missing link between – studies on craft, creativity, innovation, and material culture. Through a detailed study of early bronze age axes the question is tackled of what it involves to be skilled, providing an evidence based argument about levels of skill. The unique contribution of this work is that it lays out a theoretical framework and methodology through which an empirical analysis of skill is achievable. A specific chaîne opératoire for metal axes is used that compares not only what techniques were used, but also how they were applied. A large corpus of axes is compared in terms of what skills and attention were given at the different stages of their production. The ideas developed in this book are of interest to the emerging trend of ‘material thinking’ in the human and social sciences. At the same time, it looks towards and augments the development in craft-studies, recognising the many different aspects of craft in contemporary and past societies, and the particular relationship that craftspeople have with their material. Drawing together these two distinct fields of research will stimulate (re)thinking of how to integrate production with discussions of other aspects of object biographies, and how we link arguments about value to social models.