Download or read book Metabolism and Disposition of Milkweed Asclepiadaceae Cardenolides in Monarch Butterfly Larvae Danaus Plexippus and in a Predator Peromyscus Maniculatus written by Melanie Anne Marty and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Are You what You Eat Selective Sequestration of Toxic Milkweed Cardenolides in the Monarch Butterfly written by Jacob Brammer and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus, is projected to face substantial quasi-extinction risk over the next 20 years after decades of population decline (Semmens et al., 2016). The butterfly shares an exciting and oft-studied chemical relationship with its larval food source, milkweed. Monarchs have the ability not only to tolerate the plant’s toxic cardenolide defenses, but also to sequester them into their own tissue for defense against predators and parasites. Recent work demonstrating a strong correlation between the cardenolides of the milkweed host and the eventual parasite load of the metamorphosed adult motivated us to further investigate the passage of defenses from plant to herbivore (De Roode et al., 2016). Here we perform a feeding trial with seven unique genets of Common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) and collect samples of Monarch larvae, pupae, adults and frass. We compare these samples’ cardenolide chemistry to that of their host plants using high-performance liquid chromatography. We find that cardenolide concentration varies significantly between D. plexippus and A. syriaca but not between the individual tissue types mentioned above. Our seven milkweed genets were obtained either from sites in North Carolina or Virginia and this geographic variation did not affect variation in cardenolide concentration. Our results suggest that cardenolide concentration varies over time (throughout development) in insect tissue. We show that some cardenolides identified are substantially more concentrated than others and that some appear only in milkweed or Monarch tissue. We find the relative concentrations of several most prominent cardenolides to vary significantly between plant and insect samples. We show that cardenolide profiles in Monarchs vary significantly from those in milkweed and vary significantly over time. We demonstrate that insects exercise substantial discrimination in their cardenolide sequestration and we show that this sequestered profile is stable throughout their development. The observation of many insect-unique cardenolides suggests some conversion of plant-derived defenses before sequestration. Replication and a larger dataset are needed to draw finer conclusions about differences in cardenolide content between milkweed, Monarchs, and their respective tissues.

Download or read book The Effects of Carbon Dioxide on Milkweed Asclepiadaceae and Monarch Butterfly Danaus Plexippus Larva written by Terri Jeneé Matiella and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Overwintering California Monarch Butterflies Danaus Plexippus Their Food Plant Senecio Mikanioides and Other Senecio Species written by Mark E. Stelljes and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Milkweed Monarchs and More written by Ba Rea and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A field guide to the insects and spiders living in milkweed communities in North america north of the Mexican border.

Download or read book The Effects of Carbon Dioxide on Three Species of Milkweed AsclepiIadaceae and Monarch Butterfly Danaus Plexippus Larva Feeding Preference written by Terri Jenee Matiella and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Common Milkweed Asclepias Syriaca Quality on Monarch Butterfly Danaus Plexippus Oviposition Preference and Larval Performance written by Sydney Gilmour and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Species are experiencing shifts in their phenology (i.e., seasonal timing of recurring biological events) due to climate change, leading to disruptions in the relative timing of interacting species. These shifts can be detrimental to the fitness of the consumer (e.g., herbivore) in the interaction. In its larval form, the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) is a specialist herbivore that feeds on milkweed plants (Asclepias spp.). Given that plants generally experience seasonal declines in quality, it is hypothesized that if climate change disrupts the timing of the larval stage relative to the availability of younger milkweed plants, monarch performance will be negatively affected. In this thesis, I explore the potential for negative consequences for the eastern monarch population due to potential shifts in the timing of their interaction with milkweed-due to phenological shifts in either species. I used field surveys around Ottawa, ON to determine monarch oviposition preference on common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) plants and the seasonal availability of their preferred plants. To determine the potential consequences for monarch fitness where females oviposit on non-preferred plants, I conducted a field experiment to assess the effect of milkweed size on monarch larval performance. Based on field surveys, females preferentially oviposited on smaller milkweed plants in earlier developmental stages with low levels of discolouration. Plants in early developmental stages were consistently available in large proportion over the summer season. These results suggest that even if the relative timing of the monarch-milkweed interaction in the eastern population is shifted due to climate change, there will likely be suitable milkweed plants available for oviposition throughout the breeding season, which could act as a buffer to disruptions in the relative timing of the interaction. I found that bigger plants exuded more latex and had thicker leaves than smaller plants. However, larval performance was unaffected by these plant quality differences. While it is unclear how the relative timing of the monarch-milkweed interaction will change in the future, my results suggest that shifts in the relative timing of their interaction within the breeding season are unlikely to have negative consequences for larval performance in eastern Ontario. Future studies should determine how the relative timing of the interaction will change in the region and explore how climate change will affect the quality of milkweed plants.

Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Aldrin dieldrin written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Insect Defenses written by David L. Evans and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work takes a fresh, modern approach to investigate and explain the predator and prey relationships of insects and spiders, the major terrestrial fauna on earth. Devoted to broad and in-depth analysis of arthropod defenses against predators, the book's approach is both experimentally and theoretically based with major emphasis on evolution, predator strategies and tactics, and prey defensive adaptations and behaviors. The authors explain such topics as cryptic and aposematic coloration, the conflict between sexual and survival needs, web spider prey choice and evolution of prey counter defenses, predator-prey interactions and the origins of intelligence, bird predatory tactics, and caterpillar defense strategies. Also examined is the use of timing for fitness and survival, evolutionary gamesmanship in the predatory bat-moth relationship, colony defense by aper wasps, startle as a defense by moths, aggregation as a defense, chemicals as defenses, plant chemicals as defenses, and venoms as defenses. The authors illustrate each topic with numerous specific well-documented examples presented in a clear, readable style.

Download or read book Introduction to Ecological Biochemistry written by J. B. Harborne and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1993 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecological biochemistry concerns the biochemistry of interactions between animals, plants and the environment, and includes such diverse subjects as plant adaptations to soil pollutants and the effects of plant toxins on herbivores. The intriguing dependence of the Monarch butterfly on its host plants is chosen as an example of plant-animal coevolution in action. The ability to isolate trace amounts of a substance from plant tissues has led to a wealth of new research, and the fourth edition of this well-known text has consequently been extensively revised. New sections have been provided on the cost of chemical defence and on the release of predator-attracting volatiles from plants. New information has been included on cyanogenesis, the protective role of tannins in plants and the phenomenon of induced defence in plant leaves following herbivory. Advanced level students and research workers aloke will find much of value in this comprehensive text, written by an acknowledged expert on this fascinating subject. The book covers the biochemistry of interactions between animals, plants and the environment, and includes such diverse subjects as plant adaptations to soil pollutants and the effects of plant toxins on herbivores The intriguing dependence of the Monarch butterfly on its host plants is chosen as an example of plant-animal coevolution in action New sections have been added on the cost of chemical defence and on the release of predators attracting volatiles from plants New information has been included on cyanogenesis, the protective role of tannins in plants and the phenomenon of induced defence in plant leaves following herbivory

Download or read book Neurobiology of Taste and Smell written by Thomas E. Finger and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction and overview of the chemical senses, from single cell organisms to vertebrates including man, this book is directed at the non-specialist who may be familiar with other aspects of neurobiology but lacks knowledge of the chemical senses.

Download or read book Phytochemical Dictionary written by Basant Puri and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-12-16 with total page 1904 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A vast array of natural organic compounds, the products of primary and secondary metabolism, occur in plants. This dictionary provides basic information, including structural formulae, on plant constituents. It profiles over 3000 substances from phenolics and alkaloids through carbohydrates and plant glycosides to oils and triterpenoids. For each substance, the author presents the trivial name, synonyms, structural type, chemical structure showing stereochemistry, molecular weight and formula, natural occurrence, biological activity and commercial or other use. Key references are provided for each class and subclass.

Download or read book Behavioral Aspects of Feeding written by Bennett G. Galef and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-04-05 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Download or read book Further Studies on the Action of Bitter Tonics on the Secretion of Gastric Juice written by Louis David Moorhead and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Poisonous Plants on Livestock written by Richard F. Keeler and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-25 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effects of Poisonous Plants on Livestock documents the proceedings of a U.S.-Australian symposium on the effects of poisonous plants on domestic livestock. The symposium was held at Utah State University in Logan, Utah, on 19-24 June 1977. The volume is organized into eight parts. Part I discusses poisonous plant problems in the United States and Australia. Part II contains papers on general topics such as inorganic toxicants and poisonous plants; the hazard of plant toxicities to the human population; and selenium in plants as a cause of livestock poisoning. Part III examines the effects of simple phytotoxins such as selenium and oxalate on livestock. Part IV focuses on the effects of plant hepatotoxins, including pyrrolizidine alkaloids, Artemisia nova, and Tetradymia spp. Part V deals with plant cardio/pulmonary toxins such as Myoporum spp. and Pimelea spp. Part VI tales up plant neurotoxins while Part VII discusses plant teratogens and toxins affecting reproduction. Part VII presents studies on other toxic substances. It includes studies on oak poisoning and pine needle abortion in cattle.