Download or read book Mesoscale Ocean Surface Temperature Variability written by Richard Grotjahn and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mesoscale Variability of Sea Surface Temperatures written by Cleveland G. Holladay and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Satellite Observations of the Influence of Mesoscale Ocean Eddies on Near surface Temperature Phytoplankton and Surface Stress written by Peter Gaube and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The influence of mesoscale ocean eddies on near-surface ocean temperature, surface stress and phytoplankton communities is investigated by collocating numerous satellite measurements along with vertical profiles of oceanic temperature and salinity to the interiors of eddies identified and tracked in altimetric sea surface height maps. The surface currents associated with mesoscale ocean eddies impart a curl of the surface stress from the relative motion between surface air and water. This stress curl has a polarity opposite that of the vorticity of the eddy, thus attenuating the eddies by generating Ekman upwelling in the cores of anticyclones and downwelling in the cores of cyclones. Ekman pumping also arises from eddy-induced spatial variability of the sea surface temperature (SST) field that generates a wind stress curl in regions of crosswind SST gradients through a response of surface winds to SST-induced surface heating variations. SST-induced Ekman pumping is shown to be secondary to surface current-induced pumping in most regions of the World Ocean. Eddy-induced Ekman pumping resulting from the combination of surface current effects and air-sea interaction represents an order 1 perturbation of the background, basin-scale Ekman pumping velocities from the large-scale wind fields. In western boundary currents and equatorward-flowing eastern boundary currents, cyclonic eddies preferentially entrain water from the coastal side of the boundary current, which primes the interiors of cyclones to have phytoplankton concentrations that are elevated relative to the background. In contrast, anticyclones formed in these regions contain locally depressed phytoplankton concentrations from the offshore waters. While eddy pumping from vertical displacements of isopycnals during eddy formation can affect the biology in the interiors of cyclones during the transient stage of their development, this ecosystem response cannot be sustained because of the persistent eddy-induced Ekman downwelling throughout the rest of the eddy lifetimes. Likewise, the persistent eddy-induced Ekman upwelling in anticyclones is of little benefit because of their low phytoplankton content at the time of formation. A definitive response to eddy pumping is therefore difficult to detect from satellite observations alone. Eddies formed in regions where anticyclones preferentially entrain water with elevated phytoplankton concentrations, such as the South Indian Ocean, or in some mid-ocean gyre regions where small-amplitude eddies form (e.g., the oligotrophic South Pacific), an ecosystem response to eddy-induced Ekman pumping is observed. Conversely, cyclones in these regions entrain water that is low in chlorophyll, resulting in negative chlorophyll anomalies that are sustained by Ekman downwelling throughout the eddy lifetimes. The phytoplankton response to eddy-induced Ekman upwelling in anticyclones is seasonal, occurring only during the winter. It is proposed that the mechanism for the lack of ecosystem response to eddy-induced Ekman upwelling during the summer is the decoupling of the mixed layer from the nutricline. The observations presented in this dissertation provide a baseline from which coupled ocean circulation and biogeochemical models can be assessed. If coupled models are able to reproduce correctly the observed influence of mesoscale eddies on photoautotrophic communities, further insight into the mechanisms for this variability could be gained from the model output using the methodologies developed in this dissertation together with investigation of subsurface variability in the models below the depth to which chlorophyll can be inferred from the satellite observations.
Download or read book The Applications of Satellite Imagery to the Analysis of Mesoscale Sea Surface Temperature Variability and Near Surface Acoustic Structure in the California Current written by Timothy Cole Gallaudet and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Signature of Mesoscale Eddies on Sea Surface Temperature and Its Associated Heat Transport written by Ute Hausmann and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis aims at analysing the impact of oceanic turbulence and air-sea interactions on the sea surface temperature (SST) of the extra-tropical oceans on spatial scales of a few hundred kilometres (the so-called "mesoscale"). Using satellite-based measurements of SST and sea level, as well as surface tracks of mesoscale oceanic cyclones and anticyclones, it is shown that turbulence does not transport heat through systematic motions of cold cyclones and warm anticyclones, as was previously thought in regions of strong mean flows like the Gulf Stream. Rather, it is suggested that heat is transported as a result of the slight phase shift between temperature and pressure fluctuations developing on the mean flow. In addition, tentative estimates of the rate at which air-sea heat fluxes damp the SST signatures of cyclones and anticyclones are provided. The weak values obtained ( 20 W/m2K) contrast sharply with theoretical expectations, but are in agreement with the observed long-lived thermal heat content anomalies associated with the cyclones and anticyclones. These observations provide important benchmarks for high-resolution ocean models and may moreover guide the parametrization of subgrid-scale heat transport in climate models.
Download or read book New Developments in Mode Water Research written by Atsushi Kubokawa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-25 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book consists of the articles from the special issue of “New developments in mode-water research: Dynamic and climatic effects” in the Journal of Oceanography, Vol. 68 No. 1, 2012, comprising 10 chapters that cover a wide spectrum of topics. Topics range from the formation, circulation, and variability of mode waters to their dynamic effect on surface current and climate impact, and point to new directions for mode-water research. How do mode waters vary on decadal and longer timescales, and how will they change in response to global warming? What causes mode-water variability, and how does it affect surface circulation and climate? What are the roles of mesoscale eddies in the formation and dissipation of mode waters and in their variability and change? This book serves as a signpost in our endeavor to answer these and other challenging questions.
Download or read book Sea Surface Temperature Retrievals from Remote Sensing written by Jorge Vazquez and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Sea Surface Temperature Retrievals from Remote Sensing" that was published in Remote Sensing
Download or read book Relationships Between Sea Surface Temperature and Nutrients in Satellite Detected Oceanic Fronts written by John Woeppel Conrad and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Satellite IR images of the California coast off Point Sur reveal recurrent surface features which appear to be 'thermal discontinuities' associated with aperiodic upwelling events. Some of these have associated 'chemical fronts' and increased biological activity. Satellite IR imagery was used to locate 'discontinuities' and with in situ monitoring the development of three features were studied. Interrelationships between sea surface temperature nutrients and microplanktonic biomass were investigated. Nutrient ratios, satellite imagery, wind stress data and correlations between nutrients and temperature were used to develop an estimate of 'age' within a simplified upwelling 'life cycle' model. The features range in scale from tens to hundreds of kilometers. Two upwelling features exhibited very strong correlations between nutrient and temperature but a third feature had considerable nutrient variability. This suggests a considerable impact from the dynamic and biological processes. The technique of coupling satellite imagery and in situ monitoring was found to be a feasible method to provide real time inferences of the nutrient structure associated with an upwelled thermal feature. (Author).
Download or read book A Study of the Relationship Between Oceanic Chemical Mesoscale and Sea Surface Thermal Structure as Detected by Satellite Infrared Imagery written by Don Alan Nestor and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years the study of ocean fronts and eddies has become increasingly important to the U.S. Navy for they are of vital importance in understanding underwater sound transmission. From the history of satellite pictures for the area of the ocean off the central California coast, it appears that cold water which has come to the surface as a result of upwelling has become intertwined within the California Current. The persistent thermal features in the sea surface which are formed were the subject area of this study. Direct telephone contact was established with the satellite receiving station which afforded real time satellite information as to the thermal structure of the sea surface on a mesoscale. This satellite sensed thermal structure was then compared with in situ nutrient and temperature data collected on three cruises on board the research vessel ACANIA. The agreement between the in situ data and the satellite imagery was very strong and the utilization of satellite imagery was shown to be a very effective method to localize an ocean front.
Download or read book East Asian Monsoon written by Chih-Pei Chang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The East Asian summer monsoon has complex space and time structures that are distinct from the South Asian summer monsoon. It covers both subtropics and midlatitudes and its rainfall tends to be concentrated in rain belts that stretch for many thousands of kilometers and affect China, Japan, Korea, and the surrounding areas. The circulation of the East Asian winter monsoon encompasses a large meridional domain with cold air outbreaks emanating from the Siberian high and penetrates deeply into the equatorial Maritime Continent region, where the center of maximum rainfall has long been recognized as a major planetary scale heat source that provides a significant amount of energy which drives the global circulation during boreal winter. The East Asian summer monsoon is also closely linked with the West Pacific summer monsoon. Both are part of the global climate system and are affected by El Nino?Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and surface temperature variations in the western Pacific and surrounding oceans, the tropospheric biennial oscillation, and the South Asian summer monsoon. In addition, typhoons in the western North Pacific are most active during the East Asian summer monsoon. They may be considered as a component of the East Asian summer monsoon as they contribute substantial amounts of rainfall and have major impacts on the region. Because of its impacts on nearly one-third of the worldOCOs population and on the global climate system (including effects on the climate change), the study of the East Asian monsoon has received increased attention both in East Asian countries and in the United States. This book presents reviews of recent research on the subject."
Download or read book Mesoscale Coupled Ocean atmosphere Interaction written by Hyodae Seo and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extending SCOAR to the tropical Atlantic TIWs shows that air-sea coupling damps the eddy kinetic energy of the waves. TIW-induced wind stress is negatively correlated with the TIW-induced ocean surface current, and this slows down the TIW-currents.
Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Lee-Lueng Fu and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past decade has seen tremendous progress in the application of ocean remote sensing to the study of the global ocean circulation. This chapter provides a summary of the resultant advances in our understanding of the key processes of the ocean that affect climate variability. Many of the advances result from the combined usage of remote sensing from multiple types of measurement and in situ observations. Remotely sensed ocean variables include sea surface height, wind, temperature, salinity and color, as well as the variable mass of the ocean and ice from spaceborne measurement of the earth’s gravity field. These observations have often been analyzed with various in situ observations, including moored buoys, hydrographic profiles, surface drifters, and Argo floats. The general circulation of the ocean as manifested by the ocean surface dynamic topography from satellite altimetry, and the geoid from satellite gravity measurements, can now be determined at scales approaching 100km. The information from surface drifters and Argo floats has added more details through the upper ocean depths. The large-scale changes of the ocean on decadal scales reveal complex geographic patterns in relation to the changes in the atmospheric forcing. The causes for the slow rise of the global mean sea level are diagnosed in terms of the steric and mass change of the ocean. The bottom pressure inferred from ocean mass change measured from space provides direct observation of the barotropic variability of the ocean. The detailed information of ocean surface wind measured from scatterometry and temperature from infrared and microwave radiometry reveals a positive correlation between the two, leading to new understanding of air–sea interactions at scales below 1000km. Data combined from multiple satellite altimeters through optimally designed processing have revolutionized the study of the global ocean mesoscale processes, revealing new information on the spectral transfer of energy and on global eddy propagation characteristics, which vary in relation to the mean circulation, bottom topography, and the nonlinearity of eddy dynamics. The gridded fields of remote sensing data have made satellite observations routinely accessible to general users for scientific and operational applications. The outlook for future development in ocean remote sensing is also discussed.
Download or read book On the Question of Mesoscale Patterns in the Sea Surface Temperature Field in the Tropical Atlantic written by Charles Lemuel Jordan and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Satellite derived Sea Surface Temperature Mesoscale Variability and Foraminiferal Production in the North Atlantic written by Carl Martin Wolfteich and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Planktonic foraminiferal flux was collected at four sediment trap locations spanning a 34° latitude range in the North Atlantic during 1988-1990. Satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) and CTD data were integrated with time-corrected flux data to determine the effects of seasonal hydrographic changes on foraminiferal production and species succession in surface waters. The thermal structure of the upper water column controls foraminiferal production by regulating levels of phytoplankton production and by directly influencing the preferred temperature habitats of individual species in the community. Sediment traps deployed at the two southern sites (34°N and 48°N) were part of the U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) and were located in regions influenced by upwelling events induced by mesoscale eddy activity. The timing of maximum foraminiferal production at each trap location coincides with the northward progression of the spring bloom in the North Atlantic. The magnitude of total flux during bloom periods varies considerably with location and is positively correlated with the amount of primary productivity in surface waters. Foraminiferal production is highest at JGOFS 48 and probably results from the greater influence of mesoscale variability in this region on local hydrographic conditions. The upwelling associated with cyclonic cold-core eddies appears to be an effective mechanism for increasing local foraminiferal production in the North Atlantic by enhancing food availability. The preferred production of individual species during upwelling periods may depend on the vertical distribution of chlorophyll in the water column. Seasonal variation in SST is also an important factor controlling the relative abundance of species with preferred thermal habitats. A distinct seasonal species succession occurs at both JGOFS sites but is absent at higher latitudes due to decreases in both faunal diversity and seasonal temperature variations with increasing latitude in the North Atlantic. Foraminiferal :flux data, expressed in terms of relative abundance, is the best direct method of comparing species distributions of living populations with fossil assemblages in the sedimentary record. Preferred temperature ranges for G. ruber, G. bulloides, and N. pachyderma are estimated in this study. The tolerance limits for these species and other ecological inferences derived from these flux data may prove useful for paleoceanographic reconstruction in deep-sea cores. Future studies will be necessary, however, to establish the consistency of these results among different ocean basins.
Download or read book The Agulhas Current written by Johann R.E. Lutjeharms and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-26 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the research findings of 60 years, the author describes the origins of the Agulhas Current, its behaviour, its influence on the adjacent continental shelf, its effect on local weather and its role in linking the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. The text is well-illustrated and includes asides on the history of research on the Current. An exhaustive bibliography gives easy access to present knowledge on this important current system.
Download or read book Natural Climate Variability on Decade to Century Time Scales written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-08-30 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reflects the current state of scientific knowledge about natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales. It covers a wide range of relevant subjects, including the characteristics of the atmosphere and ocean environments as well as the methods used to describe and analyze them, such as proxy data and numerical models. They clearly demonstrate the range, persistence, and magnitude of climate variability as represented by many different indicators. Not only do natural climate variations have important socioeconomic effects, but they must be better understood before possible anthropogenic effects (from greenhouse gas emissions, for instance) can be evaluated. A topical essay introduces each of the disciplines represented, providing the nonscientist with a perspective on the field and linking the papers to the larger issues in climate research. In its conclusions section, the book evaluates progress in the different areas and makes recommendations for the direction and conduct of future climate research. This book, while consisting of technical papers, is also accessible to the interested layperson.
Download or read book US Exclusive Economic Zone EEZ written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
