Download or read book Searching for Rural Development written by Merilee S. Grindle and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-24 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the Third World, rural people must leave their homes in ever greater numbers to seek temporary work in urban centers, in distant rural areas, or across international borders. This temporary labor migration, less an option than a necessity for many, is symptomatic of rural stagnation and increasing economic dependence and is most prevalent in regions where the base for agricultural development is poor. Searching for Rural Development addresses the critical question of how rural development strategies can help provide more secure livelihoods for the millions who are now unable to sustain themselves and their families in local communities. Focusing on Mexico, Merilee S. Grindle examines how rural families adapt to the paucity of local employment opportunities by pursuing complex strategies of income diversification. She assesses various options for creating jobs in rural and semirural areas and considers how recommended rural development policies can be implemented through the political process.
Download or read book Mexico in Transition written by Gerardo Otero and published by Zed Books Ltd.. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mexico in Transition provides a wide-ranging, empirical and up-to-date survey of the multiple impacts neoliberal policies have had in practice in Mexico over twenty years, and the specific impacts of the NAFTA Agreement. The volume covers a wide terrain, including the effects of globalization on peasants; the impact of neoliberalism on wages, trade unions, and specifically women workers; the emergence of new social movements El Barzón and the Zapatistas (EZLN); how the environment, especially biodiversity, has become a target for colonization by transnational corporations; the political issue of migration to the United States; and the complicated intersections of economic and political liberalization. Mexico in Transition provides rich concrete evidence of what happens to the different sectors of an economy, its people, and natural resources, as the profound change of direction that neoliberal policy represents takes hold. It also describes and explains the diverse forms of resistance and challenge that different civil-society groups of those affected are now offering to a model the downsides of which are becoming increasingly manifest.
Download or read book Latin America written by Leslie Bethell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-06-13 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cambridge History of Latin America is a large scale, collaborative, multi-volume history of Latin America during the five centuries from the first contacts between Europeans and the native peoples of the Americas in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries to the present. Latin America: Politics and Society since 1930 consists of chapters from Part 2 of Volume VI of The Cambridge History that provide a thorough account of political movements in Latin America. Each chapter is accompanied by a bibliographical essay.
Download or read book Made in Baja written by Christian Zlolniski and published by University of California Press. This book was released on 2019-09-03 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the produce that Americans eat is grown in the Mexican state of Baja California, the site of a multibillion-dollar export agricultural boom that has generated jobs and purportedly reduced poverty and labor migration to the United States. But how has this growth affected those living in Baja? Based on a decade of ethnographic fieldwork, Made in Baja examines the unforeseen consequences for residents in the region of San Quintín. The ramifications include the tripling of the region’s population, mushrooming precarious colonia communities lacking basic infrastructure and services, and turbulent struggles for labor, civic, and political rights. Anthropologist Christian Zlolniski reveals the outcomes of growers structuring the industry around an insatiable demand for fresh fruits and vegetables. He also investigates the ecological damage—"watercide”—and the social side effects of exploiting natural resources for agricultural production. Weaving together stories from both farmworkers and growers, Made in Baja provides an eye-opening look at the dynamic economy developing south of the border.
Download or read book Harvest Of Want written by Scott Whiteford and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-04 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harvest of Want demonstrates how hunger and malnutrition can exist simultaneously with growth in agricultural production. It points out a series of factors that have generated food insecurity throughout much of Central America and Mexico. .
Download or read book Los grandes problemas de M xico Tomo 1 Poblaci n written by Brígida García y Manuel Ordorica, coordinadores and published by El Colegio de Mexico AC. This book was released on 2012-03-16 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Land Without Gods written by Jacques M Chevalier and published by Zed Books. This book was released on 1995-08 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this theoretically innovative study of maldevelopment and power relations among the Nahuas of southern Veracruz, Chevalier and Buckles explore the impact of Mexico's cattle ranching and petrochemical industries on milpa agriculture and rainforest environment. They also examine how national politics and economics affect native patterns of patrimonial culture and social organization. In the concluding chapter, an ascetic worldview illustrated through corn god mythology points to meaningful ways of countering current trends of social and ecological impoverishment. This major work of scholarship tackles key issues in ecology and development, theories of the state, gender analysis and symbolic anthropology. Against rigid conceptions of capitalism and native society, the authors apply their own theory of process to the orderly and contradictory features of social history. Established ways of doing things - a mode of government, a way of livelihood, a kinship and narrative tradition - are shown to reflect the imposition of a ruling order, an unequal distribution of the proceeds of society, and the confrontation of classes and parties, genders and age-groups, spirits and humans struggling for power.
Download or read book Labor Markets in Latin America written by Sebastian Edwards and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2001-06-29 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of the rules that govern labor markets in Latin America (and elsewhere) raise labor costs, create barriers to entry, and introduce rigidities in the employment structure. These include the exceedingly restrictive regulations on hiring and firing practices, as well as burdensome social insurance schemes. Such labor market regulations contribute to an over-expansion of precarious forms of employment and to rural poverty, and hinder countries from responding rapidly to new challenges from increased foreign competition. At the same time, other norms can reduce costs and raise productivity; they should be kept in place and their enforcement improved. For example, some occupational health and safety standards lower medical costs and save lives. One may also want to keep legislation aimed at providing a minimum social insurance for unemployment, old age, sickness, and disabilities. In practice, the most common decision that governments confront is not whether to intervene but to choose among different forms of intervention. This volume provides analysts and policymakers with useful insights on this issue. Part I addresses labor market institutions in a broader context, such as collective bargaining arrangements, minimum wages and poverty, and optimal unemployment insurance schemes. Part II analyzes labor market performance in Latin America, the links between performance and labor market regulations, and the status of labor market reform in the region. These questions are addressed for the region as a whole and in great detail for Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Colombia. The book provides a comprehensive description of the existing labor institutions in Latin America, the problems they pose, and the trends in labor market reforms as well as the difficulties encountered by the reform process in specific cases. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Edward Amadeo, Jose Marcio Camargo, Alejandra Cox Edwards, Rene Cortazar, Enriqu
Download or read book Farewell To The Peasantry written by Gerardo Otero and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-06 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Farewell to the Peasantry? questions class-reductionist assumptions in certain Marxist and populist approaches to political movements in twentieth-century rural Mexico, highlighting the interpretation of the process of political class formation.
Download or read book Labor Markets and Income Generation in Rural Argentina written by Dorte Verner and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper addresses three areas of the rural labor market-employment, labor wages, and agriculture producer incomes. Findings show that the poor allocate a lower share of their labor to farm sectors than the nonpoor do, but still around 70 percent work in agriculture, and the vast majority of rural workers are engaged in the informal sector. When examining nonfarm employment in rural Argentina, findings suggest that key determinants of access to employment and productivity in nonfarm activities are education, skills, land access, location, and gender. Employment analyses show that women have higher probability than men to participate in rural nonfarm activities and they are not confined to low-return employment. Moreover, workers living in poorer regions with land access are less likely to be employed in the nonfarm sector. There is strong evidence that educated people have better prospects in both the farm and nonfarm sectors, and that education is an important determinant of employment in the better-paid nonfarm activities. Labor wage analyses reveal that labor markets pay lower returns to poorer than to richer women and returns to education are increasing with increased level of completed education and income level. And nonfarm income and employment are highly correlated with gender, skills, household size, and education. This analysis also shows a rather heterogeneous impact pattern of individual characteristics across the income distribution, but education is important for all levels of income. Agricultural producer income analyses reveal that producers' income monotonically increases with land size and with completed education level, and positively correlates with road access and use of electricity, fertilizer, and irrigation. Finally, farms operated by women are slightly more productive than farms operated by men.
Download or read book The Force of Irony written by Gabriel Torres and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-08-25 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 'Casa Chata Award' for the Best Book of 1994 (Spanish edition)In charting the paradoxical effects of power and knowledge on the everyday life of subordinate people, this book offers a major rethinking of domination and the agricultural labor process. Challenging the belief that ethnography is theoretically weak, the author provides a fresh perspective on rural workers' responses to the development of transnational production systems and the transformations of agrarian structures brought about by the complex interactions of global and local forces. In questioning ingrained assumptions about worker consciousness, the author exposes the naivete of past approaches and the role of power and hegemony in the micro-politics of human relations. This book is obligatory reading for anyone interested in current debates about "resistance," development, and the future of rural societies.
Download or read book Market Versus Society written by Manos Spyridakis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-07 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses the fraught relationship between market and society in times of social and economic crisis, exploring how they interact in key social, cultural, and political arenas on a global scale. The contributors examine the neoliberal market in anthropological and ethnographic terms to question whether “market logic” has won out against social aspects of human existence in a framework of minimal state protection and the devaluation of human labor. Fruitfully combining empirical data and theoretical approaches, the volume investigates the extent to which ordinary people accept unequal allocations of resources and examines their sense of belonging in an expansive neoliberal economy.
Download or read book Rural Poor in Rich Rural Areas written by Dorte Verner and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rural poverty remains a crucial part of the poverty picture in Argentina. This paper used a rural dataset collected by the World Bank in 2003. Findings show that extreme income poverty in rural areas reached 39 percent of the people or 200,000-250,000 indigent families. These families tend to: be large, and young, and to escape from poverty as they mature and children leave the household (life cycle); live largely in dispersed areas where basic service provision is often weak and delivery is difficult (in particular school attendance beyond 11 years of age falls off very rapidly compared with grouped rural or urban areas); and be more likely to be small landholders than landless laborers. The structure of poverty in rural Argentina shows that larger households are poorer than smaller households, female-headed households are poorer than male-headed households, young households/household heads are poorer than older households/household heads, the poor tend to work more in the informal sector, and a greater share of those engaged in agriculture are poor. However, poverty is by no means strictly an agricultural problem. Furthermore, the deepest poverty is among the poorly educated and young household heads with children. Without interventions to improve their opportunities and assets, their plight is likely to worsen.
Download or read book Women Working the NAFTA Food Chain written by Deborah Barndt and published by Canadian Scholars’ Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When we purchase fruit in a supermarket, order take-out or sit down to a meal in a local restaurant, we become the end-consumers of a global production and distribution process that depends heavily on women's labour. How are these women faring? What constructive alternatives can we use to feed our world in a more humane and sustainable way? This collection of original research takes a provocative look at how NAFTA is affecting the food system and its women workers. Book jacket.
Download or read book International Handbook of Rural Demography written by László J. Kulcsár and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-15 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the third in an essential series of Springer handbooks that explore key aspects of the nexus between demography and social science. With an inclusive international perspective, and founded on the principles of social demography, this handbook shows how the rural population, which recently dropped below 50 per cent of the world total, remains a vital segment of society living in proximity to much-needed developmental and amenity resources. The rich diversity of rural areas shapes the capacity of resident communities to address far-reaching social, environmental and economic challenges. Some will survive, become sustainable and even thrive, while others will suffer rapid depopulation. This handbook demonstrates how these future development trajectories will vary according to local characteristics including, but not limited to, population composition. The growing complexity of rural society is in part a product of significant international variations in population trends, making this comparative and comprehensive study of rural demography all the more relevant. Collating the latest research on international rural demography, the handbook will be an invaluable aid to policy makers as they try to understand how demographic dynamics depend on the economic, social and environmental characteristics of rural areas. It will also aid researchers assessing the unique factors at play in the rural context and endeavoring to produce meaningful results that will advance policy and scholarship. Finally, the handbook is an ideal text for graduate students in a spread of disciplines from sociology to international development.
Download or read book The Anthropology of Labor Unions written by E. Paul Durrenberger and published by University Press of Colorado. This book was released on 2012-05-15 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Anthropology of Labor Unions presents ethnographic data and analysis in eight case studies from several very diverse industries. It covers a wide range of topics, from the role of women and community in strikes to the importance of place in organization, and addresses global concerns with studies from Mexico and Malawu. Union-organized workplaces consistently afford workers higher wages and better pensions, benefits, and health coverage than their nonunion counterparts. In addition, women and minorities who belong to unions are more likely to receive higher wages and benefits than their nonunion peers. Given the economic advantages of union membership, one might expect to see higher rates of organization across industries, but labor affiliation is at an all-time low. What accounts for this discrepancy? The contributors in this volume provide a variety of perspectives on this paradox, including discussions of approaches to and findings on the histories, cultures, and practices of organized labor. They also address substantive issues such as race, class, gender, age, generation, ethnicity, health and safety concerns, corporate co-optation of unions, and the cultural context of union-management relationships. The first to bring together anthropological case studies of labor unions, this volume will appeal to cultural anthropologists, social scientists, sociologists, and those interested in labor studies and labor movements.
