Download or read book Mendelian Randomization written by Stephen Burgess and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-03-06 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the Terminology and Methods of Mendelian Randomization for Epidemiological StudiesMendelian randomization uses genetic instrumental variables to make inferences about causal effects based on observational data. It, therefore, can be a reliable way of assessing the causal nature of risk factors, such as biomarkers, for a wide range of disea
Download or read book Mendelian Randomization written by Stephen Burgess and published by Chapman and Hall/CRC. This book was released on 2015-03-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the Terminology and Methods of Mendelian Randomization for Epidemiological Studies Mendelian randomization uses genetic instrumental variables to make inferences about causal effects based on observational data. It, therefore, can be a reliable way of assessing the causal nature of risk factors, such as biomarkers, for a wide range of disease outcomes. Mendelian Randomization: Methods for Using Genetic Variants in Causal Estimation provides thorough coverage of the methods and practical elements of Mendelian randomization analysis. It brings together diverse aspects of Mendelian randomization spanning epidemiology, statistics, genetics, and econometrics. Although the book mainly focuses on epidemiology, much of the material can be applied to other areas of research. Through several examples, the first part of the book shows how to perform simple applied Mendelian randomization analyses and interpret their results. The second part addresses specific methodological issues, such as weak instruments, multiple instruments, power calculations, and meta-analysis, relevant to practical applications of Mendelian randomization. In this part, the authors draw on data from the C-reactive protein Coronary heart disease Genetics Collaboration (CCGC) to illustrate the analyses. They present the mathematics in an easy-to-understand way by using nontechnical language and reinforcing key points at the end of each chapter. The last part of the book examines the potential of Mendelian randomization in the future, exploring both methodological and applied developments. This book gives statisticians, epidemiologists, and geneticists the foundation to understand issues concerning the use of genetic variants as instrumental variables. It will get them up to speed in undertaking and interpreting Mendelian randomization analyses. Chapter summaries, paper summaries, web-based applications, and software code for implementing the statistical techniques are available on a supplementary website.
Download or read book Biosocial Surveys written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-01-06 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biosocial Surveys analyzes the latest research on the increasing number of multipurpose household surveys that collect biological data along with the more familiar interviewerâ€"respondent information. This book serves as a follow-up to the 2003 volume, Cells and Surveys: Should Biological Measures Be Included in Social Science Research? and asks these questions: What have the social sciences, especially demography, learned from those efforts and the greater interdisciplinary communication that has resulted from them? Which biological or genetic information has proven most useful to researchers? How can better models be developed to help integrate biological and social science information in ways that can broaden scientific understanding? This volume contains a collection of 17 papers by distinguished experts in demography, biology, economics, epidemiology, and survey methodology. It is an invaluable sourcebook for social and behavioral science researchers who are working with biosocial data.
Download or read book An Introduction to Statistical Genetic Data Analysis written by Melinda C. Mills and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive introduction to modern applied statistical genetic data analysis, accessible to those without a background in molecular biology or genetics. Human genetic research is now relevant beyond biology, epidemiology, and the medical sciences, with applications in such fields as psychology, psychiatry, statistics, demography, sociology, and economics. With advances in computing power, the availability of data, and new techniques, it is now possible to integrate large-scale molecular genetic information into research across a broad range of topics. This book offers the first comprehensive introduction to modern applied statistical genetic data analysis that covers theory, data preparation, and analysis of molecular genetic data, with hands-on computer exercises. It is accessible to students and researchers in any empirically oriented medical, biological, or social science discipline; a background in molecular biology or genetics is not required. The book first provides foundations for statistical genetic data analysis, including a survey of fundamental concepts, primers on statistics and human evolution, and an introduction to polygenic scores. It then covers the practicalities of working with genetic data, discussing such topics as analytical challenges and data management. Finally, the book presents applications and advanced topics, including polygenic score and gene-environment interaction applications, Mendelian Randomization and instrumental variables, and ethical issues. The software and data used in the book are freely available and can be found on the book's website.
Download or read book Epigenetic Epidemiology written by Karin B. Michels and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-02 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exploding field of epigenetics is challenging the dogma of traditional Mendelian inheritance. Epigenetics plays an important role in shaping who we are and contributes to our prospects of health and disease. While early epigenetic research focused on plant and animal models and in vitro experiments, population-based epidemiologic studies increasingly incorporate epigenetic components. The relevance of epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, genomic imprinting, and histone modification for disease causation has yet to be fully explored.This book covers the basic concepts of epigenetic epidemiology, discusses challenges in study design, analysis, and interpretation, epigenetic laboratory techniques, the influence of age and environmental factors on shaping the epigenome, the role of epigenetics in the developmental origins hypothesis, and provides the state of the art on the epigenetic epidemiology of various health conditions including childhood syndromes, cancer, infectious diseases, inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders, psychiatric disorders, diabetes, obesity and metabolic disorders, and atherosclerosis. With contributions from: Peter Jones, Jean-Pierre Issa, Gavin Kelsey, Robert Waterland, and many other experts in epigenetics!
Download or read book Genetic Epidemiology written by Evangelos Evangelou and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2018-06-07 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume details fast-moving research while providing in-depth descriptions of methods and analytical approaches that are helping to understand the genome and how it is related to complex diseases. Chapters guide the reader through common and rare variation, gene-gene and gene-environment interactions and state-of-the-art approaches for the synthesis of genome-wide and gene expression data. Novel approaches for associations in the HLA region, family-based designs, Mendelian Randomization and Copy Number Variation are also presented. The volume concludes with the challenges researchers face while moving from identifying variants to their functional role and potential drug targets. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, a thorough presentation of methods and approaches and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.
Download or read book Nutrition and Chronic Conditions written by Omorogieva Ojo and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-02-04 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Nutrition and Chronic Conditions" that was published in Nutrients
Download or read book Handbook of Statistical Genomics written by David J. Balding and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-07-09 with total page 1740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely update of a highly popular handbook on statistical genomics This new, two-volume edition of a classic text provides a thorough introduction to statistical genomics, a vital resource for advanced graduate students, early-career researchers and new entrants to the field. It introduces new and updated information on developments that have occurred since the 3rd edition. Widely regarded as the reference work in the field, it features new chapters focusing on statistical aspects of data generated by new sequencing technologies, including sequence-based functional assays. It expands on previous coverage of the many processes between genotype and phenotype, including gene expression and epigenetics, as well as metabolomics. It also examines population genetics and evolutionary models and inference, with new chapters on the multi-species coalescent, admixture and ancient DNA, as well as genetic association studies including causal analyses and variant interpretation. The Handbook of Statistical Genomics focuses on explaining the main ideas, analysis methods and algorithms, citing key recent and historic literature for further details and references. It also includes a glossary of terms, acronyms and abbreviations, and features extensive cross-referencing between chapters, tying the different areas together. With heavy use of up-to-date examples and references to web-based resources, this continues to be a must-have reference in a vital area of research. Provides much-needed, timely coverage of new developments in this expanding area of study Numerous, brand new chapters, for example covering bacterial genomics, microbiome and metagenomics Detailed coverage of application areas, with chapters on plant breeding, conservation and forensic genetics Extensive coverage of human genetic epidemiology, including ethical aspects Edited by one of the leading experts in the field along with rising stars as his co-editors Chapter authors are world-renowned experts in the field, and newly emerging leaders. The Handbook of Statistical Genomics is an excellent introductory text for advanced graduate students and early-career researchers involved in statistical genetics.
Download or read book Explanation in Causal Inference written by Tyler J. VanderWeele and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive examination of methods for mediation and interaction, VanderWeele's book is the first to approach this topic from the perspective of causal inference. Numerous software tools are provided, and the text is both accessible and easy to read, with examples drawn from diverse fields. The result is an essential reference for anyone conducting empirical research in the biomedical or social sciences.
Download or read book Interpreting Epidemiologic Evidence written by David A. Savitz and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2003 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on practical tools for making optimal use of available data to assess epidemiologic study findings. Includes: selection bias, confounding, measurement and classification of disease and exposure, random error and integration of evidence across studies.
Download or read book Finding a Path to Safety in Food Allergy written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-05-27 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 20 years, public concerns have grown in response to the apparent rising prevalence of food allergy and related atopic conditions, such as eczema. Although evidence on the true prevalence of food allergy is complicated by insufficient or inconsistent data and studies with variable methodologies, many health care experts who care for patients agree that a real increase in food allergy has occurred and that it is unlikely to be due simply to an increase in awareness and better tools for diagnosis. Many stakeholders are concerned about these increases, including the general public, policy makers, regulatory agencies, the food industry, scientists, clinicians, and especially families of children and young people suffering from food allergy. At the present time, however, despite a mounting body of data on the prevalence, health consequences, and associated costs of food allergy, this chronic disease has not garnered the level of societal attention that it warrants. Moreover, for patients and families at risk, recommendations and guidelines have not been clear about preventing exposure or the onset of reactions or for managing this disease. Finding a Path to Safety in Food Allergy examines critical issues related to food allergy, including the prevalence and severity of food allergy and its impact on affected individuals, families, and communities; and current understanding of food allergy as a disease, and in diagnostics, treatments, prevention, and public policy. This report seeks to: clarify the nature of the disease, its causes, and its current management; highlight gaps in knowledge; encourage the implementation of management tools at many levels and among many stakeholders; and delineate a roadmap to safety for those who have, or are at risk of developing, food allergy, as well as for others in society who are responsible for public health.
Download or read book Stroke Genetics written by Hugh S. Markus and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stroke is a major cause of death and the major cause of adult neurological disability in most of the world. Despite its importance on a population basis, research into the genetics of stroke has lagged behind that of many other disorders. However, the situation is now changing. An increasing number of single gene disorders causing stroke are being described, and there is growing evidence that polygenic factors are important in the risk of apparently "sporadic" stroke. Stroke Genetics provides an up-to-date review of the area, suitable for clinicians treating stroke patients, and both clinical and non-clinical researchers in the field of cerebrovascular disease. The full range of monogenic stroke disorders causing cerebrovascular disease, including ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations, are covered. For each, clinical features, diagnosis, and genetics are described. Increasing evidence suggest that genetic factors are also important for the much more common multifactorial stroke; this evidence is reviewed along with the results of genetic studies in this area. Optimal and novel strategies for investigating multifactorial stroke, including the use of intermediate phenotypes such as intima-media thickness and MRI detected small vessel disease are reviewed. The book concludes by describing a practical approach to investigating patients with stroke for underlying genetic disorders. Also included is a list of useful websites.
Download or read book The Impact of Caffeine and Coffee on Human Health written by Christina Bamia and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-12-12 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this Special Issue is to provide a thorough and up-to-date presentation of research investigating the impact of coffee and/or caffeine intake on various health outcomes. We welcome the submission of original research articles and/or systematic Reviews/meta-analyses focusing on several aspects of coffee/caffeine intake in relation to human health. Areas of interest include, but are not limited to, the following topics: - Human clinical trials of coffee or caffeine use in relation to disease or intermediate phenotypes. - Epidemiological studies of habitual coffee or caffeine intake in relation to human health, among the general public, as well as, among special populations (i.e., children, pregnant women, diabetics, cancer patients, hypertensives, etc.) - Mechanisms of action of nutrients and other bioactive components of coffee/caffeine. - Studies integrating genetic or physiological markers of coffee/caffeine intake to investigations of coffee and health.
Download or read book Sharing Clinical Trial Data written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data sharing can accelerate new discoveries by avoiding duplicative trials, stimulating new ideas for research, and enabling the maximal scientific knowledge and benefits to be gained from the efforts of clinical trial participants and investigators. At the same time, sharing clinical trial data presents risks, burdens, and challenges. These include the need to protect the privacy and honor the consent of clinical trial participants; safeguard the legitimate economic interests of sponsors; and guard against invalid secondary analyses, which could undermine trust in clinical trials or otherwise harm public health. Sharing Clinical Trial Data presents activities and strategies for the responsible sharing of clinical trial data. With the goal of increasing scientific knowledge to lead to better therapies for patients, this book identifies guiding principles and makes recommendations to maximize the benefits and minimize risks. This report offers guidance on the types of clinical trial data available at different points in the process, the points in the process at which each type of data should be shared, methods for sharing data, what groups should have access to data, and future knowledge and infrastructure needs. Responsible sharing of clinical trial data will allow other investigators to replicate published findings and carry out additional analyses, strengthen the evidence base for regulatory and clinical decisions, and increase the scientific knowledge gained from investments by the funders of clinical trials. The recommendations of Sharing Clinical Trial Data will be useful both now and well into the future as improved sharing of data leads to a stronger evidence base for treatment. This book will be of interest to stakeholders across the spectrum of research-from funders, to researchers, to journals, to physicians, and ultimately, to patients.
Download or read book Current Issues in Health Economics written by Daniel Slottje and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2010-12-15 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents research on some of these key issues such as the impact of obesity on health, children's' healthcare policies, education and health; and many more.
Download or read book Social and Community Medicine for Students written by Una MacLean and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2014-05-20 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social and Community Medicine for Students presents an extensive examination of the application of medical sociology to community treatment. It discusses the principles behind the scope and methods of epidemiology. It addresses studies in attitudes and illness. Some of the topics covered in the book are the sick role in Western Societies; sickness behavior in a traditional society; statistics vital to social medicine; geographical pathology of cancer; scope and methods of epidemiology; possibilities and limitations of health education; and health in industry and external disability. The definition and description of social provisions for health and welfare are fully covered. An in-depth account of the common features and development of social medicine are provided. The epidemiology of the cancer of the esophagus is completely presented. A chapter is devoted to description and diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease. Another section focuses on the practical applications of social medicine. The book can provide useful information to doctors, students, and researchers.
Download or read book Updates on Myopia written by Tien Y Wong and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This open access book discusses basic clinical concepts of myopia, prevention of progression and surgical treatments for myopia and pathological myopia. It also summarises the latest evidence and best practices for managing myopia, high myopia and its complications. Written by leading experts, the book addresses clinical diagnosis and interpretation of imaging modalities, and various complications of myopia such as glaucoma, choroidal neovascularization, retinal degeneration and cataracts. It is a valuable comprehensive resource for general and sub-specialist ophthalmologists as well as residents and ophthalmologists in training.; This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
