Download or read book Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry for Measuring Dissolved Gases written by G. Hudson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometer (MIMS) is used to measure dissolved gas concentrations in environmental water samples. Gases are exsolved out of water by passing the sample through a silicone gas permeable membrane that is under vacuum. A quadrupole mass spectrometer attached to the vacuum system is capable of measuring a variety of gases over a wide range of concentration. The MIMS is a versatile and field portable instrument.
Download or read book Measurement of Dissolved Gas Concentrations in Natural Waters Utilizing an In situ Membrane Inlet Linear Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer written by Peter Wenner and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The resulting multi-analyte spectrometer data were recorded in real time with the Global Positioning System (GPS) observations of an associated surface vehicle and transmitted to a remote laptop computer via a wireless Ethernet link. These data were merged to create high-resolution maps of chemical distributions. Of particular interest were the co-varying oxygen and carbon dioxide mass spectrometer signals, diagnostic of photosynthesis-respiration processes, that were collected over a 10,800 square-meter area of the lake. The UMS was also deployed on a shipborne hydrowire in Saanich Inlet, a 200-meter deep fjord in the western Canadian province of British Columbia. The concentrations of a broad suite of dissolved gases were monitored on both downcast and upcast over a total depth range of 200 meters. Spectrometer data were acquired at a rate of 4.2 seconds/sample for the duration of the deployment.
Download or read book In situ Calibration of Underwater Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometer for Simple Dissolved Gases written by Samuel Gartzman and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development and Deployment of an Underwater Mass Spectrometer for Quantitative Measurements of Dissolved Gases written by Ryan J. Bell and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Manual collection and processing of seawater samples for dissolved gas analyses are technically challenging, time consuming and costly. Accordingly, in situ analysis techniques present attractive alternatives to conventional gas measurement procedures. To meet the demands of sustained, high-resolution chemical observations of the oceans, the University of South Florida and SRI International developed underwater mass spectrometer systems for quantitative measurements of dissolved gases and volatile organic compounds. This work describes the influence of variable in situ conditions on the performance of a membrane introduction mass spectrometer used for measurements in both the water column and sediment porewater. Laboratory experiments to simulate the effects of field conditions on the membrane were performed by varying sample flow rate, salinity, hydrostatic pressure, and chemistry. Data indicate that membrane permeability has a strong dependence on hydrostatic pressure, and a weak dependence on salinity. Under slow flow conditions bicarbonates in solution contributed to carbon dioxide instrument response as a result of carbon system equilibration processes in the boundary layer at the membrane interface. In addition, method development was undertaken to enable underwater sediment porewater analyses and quantitative (calibrated) measurements of total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). This work establishes the capability of membrane introduction mass spectrometry to measure two compatible variables (DIC and dissolved CO2) for comprehensive CO2-system characterizations. In addition to laboratory studies three types of field observation were obtained in this work. High-resolution vertical profiles of dissolved gases in the Gulf of Mexico were obtained through system calibration and characterization of the influence of hydrostatic pressure on the behavior of polydimethylsiloxane membranes. In the South Atlantic Bight, sediment porewater profiles of dissolved gases were repeatedly obtained over a 54 hr period. Data trends were in agreement with high remineralization rates facilitated by porewater advection. Finally, time-series underwater DIC measurements that were undertaken proved to be in good accord with results obtained using conventional techniques. These measurements constitute the first quantitative observations of dissolved gas ocean profiles, sediment porewater profiles, and DIC measurements by underwater mass spectrometry.
Download or read book Development of a Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometer MIMS for Environmental Monitoring and Other Applications written by Farnoush Salarzaei and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Adapting Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry for Accurate Measurements of Aquatic Noble Gases written by Sophia Meier and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As inert species, the noble gases represent a useful tool for quantifying physical processes in aquatic environments. Thanks to their widely differing physical properties (solubility, diffusivity, etc.), each noble gas responds in a recognizable way to distinct types of physical forcing. Even though data on each gas is thus unique and valuable, data on the less abundant gases (neon, krypton, and xenon in particular) are not often used for analysis or even collected in the first place due to the difficulty in analyzing those gases at the required precision. We aimed to develop a method to measure neon, argon, krypton, and xenon in discrete water samples with Membrane-Inlet Mass Spectrometry (MIMS). MIMS technology uses a gaspermeable membrane to extract gas from samples inline with the mass spectrometer, eliminating the need for the tedious degassing steps prior to analysis employed by most other mass spectrometric methods. In theory, this allows for both (i) small sample sizes (on the order of milliliters instead of liters) unlike Equilibrator-Inlet Mass Spectrometry and (ii) fast throughput (multiple samples per hour) compared to traditional methods of aquatic noble gas measurements. Although many have used MIMS to measure argon, the most abundant noble gas, few have attempted to apply this technique to other noble gases. With the addition of getters to remove common atmospheric gases, we were able to develop a method to measure the relative amounts of neon, argon, krypton, and xenon in airequilibrated water using a membrane and a quadrupole mass spectrometer. We quantified the accuracy of the method as the percent difference between the measured and expected values for both the individual gases and the following ratios: Ne/Xe, Ar/Kr, Ne/Ar, Ar/Xe, and Kr/Xe. We explored many different variations of the experimental procedure to improve the accuracy of the method. Individual gas accuracy was maximized when sampling from a beaker mixed with a stir rod, at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min and an evacuation time of 10 minutes without the dry ice and ethanol slurry. We hope that further modifying our parameters and procedure will improve the accuracy and precision of our data.
Download or read book Development of a Gas Analysis Method Using Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry MIMS written by Anne Nurminen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gas Enzymology written by Hans Degn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Being small, shapeless and inert a gas molecule does not seem to be an enzyme's dream of a substrate. Nevertheless evolution has provided a host of enzymes which can interact specifically with gas molecules such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen etc. Many of these enzymes play dominant roles on the world scene in biogeochemical cycles. On the cellular level they tend to be closely connected to the energy conserving apparatus. We define Gas Enzymology as the study of these enzymes. Historically, Gas Enzymology is a subspecialty of bioenergetics. Its foundations, technical as well as conceptual were laid by Warburg in his studies of the cellular combustion of nutrients. The Warburg apparatus supported the first thirty years of research in the field. It was succeeded by the Clark electrode which had its heyday during the period when the modern concepts of bioenergetics took shape. The Clark electrode, itself approaching thirty years of age, is now being sup plemented and in some cases replaced by the vastly more powerful membrane inlet mass spectrometer which measures with equal ease all dis solved gases of interest in biochemistry. It is our belief that future development of Gas Enzymology will be linked to the widespread exploit ation of this technique.
Download or read book Methods of Biochemical Analysis written by David Glick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-25 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochemical analysis is a rapidly expanding field and is a key component of modern drug discovery and research. Methods of Biochemical Analysis provides a periodic and authoritative review of the latest achievements in biochemical analysis. Founded in 1954 by Professor David Glick, Methods of Biochemical Analysis provides a timely review of the latest developments in the field.
Download or read book California GAMA Special Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Oceanic Waters and Sediments written by Thomas Roy Crompton and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-02-22 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presence of concentrations of organic substances and cations in seawater is a matter of increasing concern to the water industry, environmentalists and the general public alike. It poses a threat of possible health hazards for humans, fish and crustacea. Until fairly recently, the analysis of seawater was limited to a number of major constituen
Download or read book Advanced Instrumentation Data Interpretation and Control of Biotechnological Processes written by J.F. van Impe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the outgrowth of the COMETT II Course on Advanced Instru mentation, Data Interpretation, and Control of Biotechnological Processes organized by the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and the Universiteit Gent, and held at Gent, Belgium, October 1994. The editors of the present volume were very fortunate to find all invited speakers prepared to write state-of-the-art expositions based on their lec tures. Special thanks are due to all of them. The result is an account of recent advances in instrumentation, data interpretation, and model based op timization and control of bioprocesses. For anyone interested in this emerg ing field, this text is of value and provides comprehensive reviews as well as new and important trends and directions for the future, motivated and illustrated by a wealth of applications. The typesetting of all this material represented a tremendous amount of work. I am most grateful to my wife, Myriam Uyttendaele, and to Kurt Gheys, who did most of the proof-reading. Their efforts have increased a lot the uniformity in style and presentation of the different manuscripts. Many thanks also to the co-editors, for their continued support. Kluwer Academic Publishers is gratefully acknowledged for publishing this book, thus contributing to the transfer of the latest research results into large scale industrial applications.
Download or read book Comprehensive Environmental Mass Spectrometry written by Albert Lebedev and published by ILM Publications. This book was released on 2012 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In full colour throughout, this book describes the power of mass spectrometry in resolving environmental issues, demonstrating how real-world complex problems can be solved in a simple and elegant way."--Worldcat.
Download or read book Mass Spectrometry in Biotechnological Process Analysis and Control written by E. Heinzle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on the contributions to the IFAC-Workshop "Mass Spectro metry in Biotechnological Process Analysis and Control" held in Graz, Austria from 23 to 24 October 1986. The idea to organize this workshop and further to prepare these proceedings was stimulated by the following facts. Biotechnological processes urgently need better on-line instrumentation. Mass spectrometry (MS) offers a great potential to especially analyse gases and volatile compounds. It is, however, considered that this potential by far is not exhausted. The main reason for this is that MS often still is considered to be a very expensive technique requiring the permanent attention of a MS expert. In addition methods have not yet been developed to a user friendly state. On-line MS-methods are available to a certain extent, but need further development. To stimulate such development an interdisciplinary effort is necessary. Needs of industrial and university users and experience of physicists and instrument manufacturers have to be brought into a hopefully fruitful discussion. An introductory article describes the bioprocess background including a brief summary of the state of the art in bioprocess sensor and parameter estimation development, and the potential MS offers for bioprocess monitoring. In the first chapter on "Instrumentation and Gas Analysis" a general overview on some developments in MS-instrumentation is given initially by Schmid. Then the presently available instrumentation for bioprocess monitoring is discussed by instrument manufacturers (Winter; Schaefer and Schultis; Bartman).
Download or read book Marine Chemical Monitoring written by Philippe Quevauviller and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-01-07 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combining laboratory experience with research and policy developments, this book provides an insight into the historical background of marine monitoring, its regulatory frameworks and science–policy interactions. With experience in the European Commission, the author draws from practical experience in research and policy implementation to present a concise review of marine monitoring on an international level. The author deals with monitoring and related QA/QC principles, focusing on monitoring types, while describing general features of analytical methods used in marine monitoring. The book concludes with a discussion about how to achieve metrology principles (measurement traceability) in marine monitoring.
Download or read book Methods in Biogeochemistry of Wetlands written by Ronald D. DeLaune and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 1024 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wetlands occur at the interface of upland and aquatic ecosystems, making them unique environments that are vital to ecosystem health. But wetlands are also challenging to assess and understand. Wetland researchers have developed specialized analytical methods and sampling techniques that are now assembled for the first time in one volume. More than 100 experts provide key methods for sampling, quantifying, and characterizing wetlands, including wetland soils, plant communities and processes, nutrients, greenhouse gas fluxes,redox-active elements, toxins, transport processes, wetland water budgets,and more.
Download or read book Mass Spectrometry written by Agnieszka Kraj and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-12-01 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions from noted experts from Europe and North America, Mass Spectrometry Instrumentation, Interpretation, and Applications serves as a forum to introduce students to the whole world of mass spectrometry and to the many different perspectives that each scientific field brings to its use. The book emphasizes the use of this important analytical technique in many different fields, including applications for organic and inorganic chemistry, forensic science, biotechnology, and many other areas. After describing the history of mass spectrometry, the book moves on to discuss instrumentation, theory, and basic applications.
