Download or read book Mechanisms of Retinal Damage from Chronic Laser Radiation Thresholds and Mechanisms written by Theodore Lawwill and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect upon the retina of exposure to large fields of bright visible light has been evaluated. The thresholds for permanent retinal damage for four hour exposures in rhesus monkeys have been established for white light, and laser lines of 514.5 nm, 488 nm, 457.9 nm, and 590 nm. The damage has been evaluated by ophthalmoscopy, electroretinography and light and electron microscopy. The shortest wavelength light (457.9 nm) is more effective in causing damage, particularly histological damage, which is spread throughout the fundus and throughout the retina layers. Functional damage shown by the electroretinogram follows a different action spectrum without the increased effect in the blue. There appears to be more than one mechanism for retinal damage in chronic light exposure, and at least one mechanism is not dependent solely upon the visual pigment and the pigment epithelium. Thresholds of permanent damage appear to be within one or two log units of light levels encountered in the normal visual environment. Newer data suggest that this damage is additive. Daily one hour exposures for four days produce damage equivalent to a single four hour exposure at the same retinal irradiance. (Author).
Download or read book Mechanisms of Retinal Damage from Chronic Laser Radiation written by T. Lawwill and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect upon the retina of exposure to large fields of bright visible light has been evaluated. The thresholds for permanent retinal damage for 4, 1, and 0.25 hour exposures in rhesus or cynomolgus monkeys have been established for laser lines of 514.5 nm, 488 nm, 457.9 nm, and 590 nm. In addition, the effect of distributing the 4 hour exposures in one hour doses separated by intervals of one day or one week has been studied. The damage has been evaluated by opthalmoscopy, electroretinography, fluorescein angiography and light and electron microscopy. The shortest wavelength light (457.9 nm) is more effective in causing damage, particularly histological damage, which is spread throughout the fundus and throughout the retinal layers. There appears to be more than one mechanism for retinal damage in chronic light exposure, and at least one mechanism is not dependent solely upon the visual pigment and the pigment epithelium. The results from our studies suggest that with relatively low intensity, long duration exposures that there is a lack of reciprocity between exposure duration and irradiance level.
Download or read book High Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology written by Josef F. Bille and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-13 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book provides a comprehensive overview of the application of the newest laser and microscope/ophthalmoscope technology in the field of high resolution imaging in microscopy and ophthalmology. Starting by describing High-Resolution 3D Light Microscopy with STED and RESOLFT, the book goes on to cover retinal and anterior segment imaging and image-guided treatment and also discusses the development of adaptive optics in vision science and ophthalmology. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the reader will learn about the latest developments and most up to date technology in the field and how these translate to a medical setting. High Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology – New Frontiers in Biomedical Optics has been written by leading experts in the field and offers insights on engineering, biology, and medicine, thus being a valuable addition for scientists, engineers, and clinicians with technical and medical interest who would like to understand the equipment, the applications and the medical/biological background. Lastly, this book is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Gerhard Zinser, co-founder of Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, a scientist, a husband, a brother, a colleague, and a friend.
Download or read book Study of Ocular Effects of Chronic Exposure to Laser Radiation written by T. Lawwill and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The project is a study of the effects of long term exposure of the eye to laser radiation. The data is for four hour, wide field exposures at levels below immediate damage threshold for rabbit and monkey eyes. The report compares the thresholds for white light and the 514.5 and 488.0 nm lines of the argon laser. From this information a hypothesis is proposed as to the mechanism of damage and methods are proposed to test this hypothesis. If the mechanism can be established, generalizations can be made for different conditions and different light sources.
Download or read book Corneal Damage from Infrared Radiation written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes research during the past year on: the damage mechanism for short (80 ns) pulses of CO2 laser radiation interacting with the cornea epithelium; epithelial damage from multiple-pulse exposures to more penetrating mid-infrared radiation from a Tm:YAG laser at 2.02 micro; and predictions of retinal damage thresholds for exposures to sources with rectangular irradiance distributions. Damage threshold measurements on corneas maintained at 21 C using single 80 ns pulses continue to support a thermal damage mechanism.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transmission of the Ocular Media written by Edward A. Boettner and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spectral transmittance of ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared light through the ocular media of humans has been measured. Using freshly enucleated eyes, the transmittances of each component part (cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor) were determined for the wavelength range from 0.22 to 2.8 microns. To date 9 eyes have been measured, ranging in age from 4 weeks to 75 years. Two types of measurements were made: the first to measure the total light transmitted (direct and scattered) at each wavelength and the second to measure the percent transmittance of that light passing directly through the various media without absorption or scattering. The results show that: (a) the transmission of ultraviolet radiation decreases with the age of the eye; (b) the transmission of infrared radiation appears to be independent of the age; and (c) the maximum total transmittance of the whole eye, about 81 percent, is obtained in the region from 600 to 850 millimicrons.
Download or read book Environmental Protection Research Catalog Indexes written by Smithsonian Science Information Exchange and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 1478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radiofrequency Radiation Standards written by B. Jon Klauenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has sponsored research and personnel safety standards development for exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) for over twenty years. The Aerospace Medical Panel of the Advisory Group For Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD) sponsored Lecture Series No. 78 Radiation Hazards,! in 1975, in the Netherlands, Germany, and Norway, on the subject of Radiation Hazards to provide a review and critical analysis of the available information and concepts. In the same year, Research Study Group 2 on Protection of Personnel Against Non-Ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation (Panel VIIl of AC/243 Defence Research Group, NATO) proposed a revision to Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 2345. The intent of the proposal was to revise the ST ANAG to incorporate frequency-dependent-RFR safety guidelines. These changes are documented in the NATO STANAG 2345 (MED), Control and Recording of Personnel Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation,2 promulgated in 1979. Research Study Group 2 (RSG2) of NATO Defense Research Group Panel VIII (AC1243) was organized, in 1981, to study and contribute technical information concerning the protection of military personnel from the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. A workshop at the Royal Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine, Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, U. K. was held to develop and/or compile sufficient knowledge on the long-term effects of pulsed RFR to maintain safe procedures and to minimize unnecessary operational constraints.
Download or read book Handbook of Visual Optics Volume Two written by Pablo Artal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-02-24 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Visual Optics offers an authoritative overview of encyclopedic knowledge in the field of physiological optics. It builds from fundamental concepts to the science and technology of instruments and practical procedures of vision correction, integrating expert knowledge from physics, medicine, biology, psychology, and engineering. The chapters comprehensively cover all aspects of modern study and practice, from optical principles and optics of the eye and retina to novel ophthalmic tools for imaging and visual testing, devices and techniques for visual correction, and the relationship between ocular optics and visual perception.
Download or read book Safety with Lasers and Other Optical Sources written by D. H. Sliney and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 1042 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly a decade aga a general review article on the evaluation of optical radia tion hazards was published in Applied Optics (Sliney and Freasier, 1973). This arti cle received many favorable comments but also prompted many inquiries regarding specific optical hazard problems. From this it became evident that a monograph rather than a supplemental and expanded article was needed to fill this literature gap relating to laser and optical radiation hazards. The present work is designed to fill that gap, and is structured to permit either classroom or self-study use. Much of the material in this book was developed in eonnection with short courses on laser safety and radiometry in which we have participated, as weIl as from our previous articles. In particular, the sequenee of chapters is based upon the experiences which we have had in lecturing in courses with different schedules. One of the great difficulties in developing a text of this nature is that a broad, multidisciplinary background must be included in order that the reader can comprehend all of the subjeet matter readily. For this reason, the material presented on anatomy and physiology is orien ted toward the engineer or physical scientist, while the review material on basic optical physics is intended more for the physician or life scientist.
Download or read book Light Lasers and Synchrotron Radiation written by Martino Grandolfo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the formal record of the lectures presented at the 9th Course of the International School of Radiation Damage and Protection held at the "E . Majorana" International Centre for Scientific Culture in Erice (Italy) from May 9 to May 20, 1989. This course was the last of a series of 4 courses, started in 1981, that were dedicated to the assessment of risk hazard from non-ionizing radiation. The proceedings of these courses were all published by Plenum Press with the following headings: 1) M. Grandolfo, S. M. Michaelson and A. Rindi, Eds. : "Biological Effects and Dosimetry of Nonionizing Radiation; Radiofrequency and Microwave Energy", Plenum Press, New York, NATO ASI Series A Life Sciences, Vo1. 49 (1983); 2) M. Grandolfo, S. M. Michaelson and A. Rindi, Eds. : "Biological Effects and Dosimetry of Static and ELF Electromagnetic Fields", Plenum Press, New York, E. Majorana International Science Series, Life Sciences, Vol. 19 (1985) ; 3) M. H. Repacholi, M. Grandolfo and A. Rindi, Eds. : "Ultrasound; medical applications, biological effects and hazard potential", Plenum Press, New York (1987). We hope that all these volumes together may represent a complete textbook and a reference for the students and scientists interested in the physics, biology, measurement and dosimetry, health effects and standard setting, in short, the risk assessment of that wide field of radiation presently classified as non-ionizing radiation. We are indebted to the Associa?ione Italiana Protezione dalle Radiazioni (AIRP), The Internat:l.
Download or read book Transpupillary Thermotherapy written by J. G. Journée-de Korver and published by Kugler Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of Current Laser Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ophthalmology E Book written by Myron Yanoff and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2022-11-06 with total page 1663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through five highly regarded editions, Ophthalmology, by Drs. Myron Yanoff and Jay S. Duker, has remained one of the premier texts in the field, providing authoritative guidance on virtually any ophthalmic condition and procedure you may encounter. The fully revised, 6th edition of this award-winning title continues to offer detailed, superbly illustrated content from cover to cover, with extensive updates throughout to keep you current with the latest advancements and fundamentals throughout every subspecialty area in the field. An easy-to-follow, templated format, convenient single volume, and coverage of both common and rare disorders make this title a must-have resource no matter what your level of experience. Offers truly comprehensive coverage, including basic foundations through diagnosis and treatment advances across all subspecialties: genetics, optics, refractive surgery, lens and cataract, cornea, retina, uveitis, tumors, glaucoma, neuro-ophthalmology, pediatric and adult strabismus, and oculoplastics. Features streamlined, templated chapters, a user-friendly visual layout, and key features boxes for quick access to clinically relevant information and rapid understanding of any topic. Contains four new chapters covering Phototherapeutic Keratectomy; IOL Optics; Bag-in-the-lens Cataract Surgery; and Capsulectomy: Modern devices apart from FLACS. Includes a fully revised and updated chapter on refractive surgery screening and corneal imaging, as well as an expanded chapter on corneal cross-linking. Provides up-to-date information on the latest advances in the field, including new therapies for retinoblastoma, such as intravenous and intraarterial chemotherapy; less common retinal tumor simulators of retinoblastoma; OCT-Angiography; glaucoma stents; new drug delivery platforms; IOL optics; phototherapeutic keratectomy; intraocular pressure monitoring; and more. Includes more than 2,000 high-quality illustrations and an expanded video library with more than 60 clips of diagnostic and surgical techniques, including new videos of nystagmus. Contains updated management guidelines for central retinal artery occlusions (CRAO). Provides fresh perspectives from new section editors Drs. Carol Shields and Sumit (Sam) Garg.
Download or read book Aerospace Medicine and Biology written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 984 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A selection of annotated references to unclassified reports and journal articles that were introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system and announced in Scientific and technical aerospace reports (STAR) and International aerospace abstracts (IAA).
