Download or read book Mechanisms of Resistance and Candidate Gene Analysis Towards Fusarium Graminearum and Phytophthora Sojae in Soybean written by Cassidy Renee Gedling and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous diseases affect soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] yields throughout the growing season in Ohio. Two soil borne pathogens Fusarium graminearum and Phytophthora sojae are known to reduce stand and yield. Currently, fungicide seed treatments are used to manage these pathogens, however, host plant resistance is often the best management strategy for field crops. Thus, the overall objective of the five chapters this dissertation was to identify mechanisms and candidate genes of resistance that are effective towards seed, seedling, and root rots caused by Fusarium graminearum and P. sojae in soybean. Quantitative disease resistance loci (QDRL) have been mapped in two separate recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations for resistance to Fusarium graminearum . In the F7:8 RIL derived from a cross Magellan X PI 567516C, one major QDRL was mapped. Fine mapping of this region identified four putative candidate genes for resistance to Fusarium graminearum . In an additional population of Wyandot x PI 567301B, a major and minor QDRL was mapped to chromosome 8 and 6, respectively. Hybrid genome assembly, fine mapping, and RNA sequencing analysis narrowed the major QDRL to 2.5 cM containing three putative candidate genes for resistance or susceptibility. To validate these candidate genes functional analysis needs to be assessed at the seed level. To achieve this we modified the Apple latent spherical virus (ASLV) which allowed for direct inoculation of VIGS-triggering ALSV agro-infiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana leaves onto soybean unifoliates. However, this method is genotype dependent; the virus is detected in numerous reproductive structures including pods, embryos, stems, leaves, and roots. The last objective of this dissertation focuses on mechanisms of partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae . This oomycete is a leading pathogen of soybean, causing root and stem rot (PRR) across the North Central Region in the U.S. Twenty phenotypic quantitative trait loci (pQTL) were previously mapped in a F9:11 Conrad x Sloan recombinant inbred line (RIL) population on chromosomes 1, 4, 9, 15, 16, 18, and 19; however, these regions encompass large portions of the genome. Thus a systems genetics approach that incorporates expression QTL (eQTL) mapping, functional genomics, and gene co-expression analysis was taken to identify molecular mechanisms contributing towards partial resistance, with the specific objective of reducing the list of candidate genes potentially underpinning pQTL. A greater number of eQTL were mapped in inoculated samples relative to mock, indicating transcriptional reprogramming due to P. sojae infection. Of the six co-expression modules identified, three were related to PRR susceptibility driven by three casual hotspots. GO enrichment of casual hotspot GM_17_D indicates that cell wall modification is a putative mechanism for P. sojae resistance. A total of four eQTL and one eQTL hotspots were found to be co-localized with pQTL and identified five candidate genes for resistance.
Download or read book Functional Gene Analysis of Resistance QTL Towards Phytophthora Sojae on Soybean Chromosome 19 written by Anna K. Stasko and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytophthora sojae is the causal agent of Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean. One of the most effective disease management strategies against this pathogen is the use of resistant cultivars, primarily through single gene, Rps-mediated resistance. However, numerous populations of P. sojae have adapted to most Rps genes that are deployed in modern soybean cultivars, rendering them susceptible to this pathogen. Quantitative resistance, conferred by quantitative disease resistance loci (QDRL), offers an alternative to Rps-based resistance. Previous studies mapped two QDRL to chromosome 19 in the soybean cultivar Conrad, which has a high level of quantitative resistance. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross of Conrad by Sloan (a moderately susceptible cultivar) used for mapping these QDRL was advanced to the F9:11 generation. This population was used to map/re-map the QDRL towards three isolates of P. sojae, and one isolate each of Pythium irregulare and Fusarium graminearum, using the SoySNP6K BeadChip for high-density marker genotyping. A total of ten, two, and three QDRL and suggestive QDRL were found that confer resistance to P. sojae, Py. irregulare, and F. graminearum, respectively. Individual QDRL explained 2-13.6% of the phenotypic variance (PV). One QDRL for both Py. irregulare and F. graminearum co-localized on chromosome 19. This resistance was contributed by Sloan and was juxtaposed to a QDRL for P. sojae with resistance contributed from Conrad. Alleles for resistance to different pathogens contributed from different parents in the same region, the number of unique QDRL for each pathogen, and the lack of correlation of resistance suggest that different mechanisms are involved in resistance towards these three pathogens. Interestingly, the QDRL located on chromosome 19 contained several genes related to auxin processes, which are known to contribute to susceptibility to several pathogens in Arabidopsis and may contribute to susceptibility of soybean to P. sojae. In this study, auxin metabolites were measured in P. sojae mycelia, media from P. sojae liquid cultures, and inoculated soybean roots. Auxin precursors were detected in the mycelia of P. sojae as well as the synthetic media. More importantly, auxin levels were significantly higher in inoculated roots than the mock controls in both resistant and susceptible genotypes at 48 hours after inoculation (hai). To examine the role of auxin transport in susceptibility to P. sojae, the nucleotide sequences and expression of root-related soybean auxin efflux transporters, GmPINs, were compared between Conrad and Sloan. There were sequence differences between the two cultivars; however, experimental variability prevented accurate detection of expression differences through a quantitative PCR approach. An auxin transport inhibitor and a synthetic auxin were applied to Conrad and Sloan to assess changes in infection of these cultivars with chemically altered auxin processes. As with the gene expression analysis, experimental variation prevented us from determining the exact effect of these treatments. Finally, several different approaches were used to begin developing a system for functional gene analysis, including composite plant-based hairy roots, cotyledon-based hairy roots, and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Composite plant-based hairy roots were difficult to inoculate with P. sojae, Py. irregulare, and F. graminearum. Cotyledon-based hairy roots allowed for more consistent inoculation with P. sojae and expedited experimental testing of RNAi constructs targeting candidate genes. One of these constructs was able to reduce the expression of its target gene in three soybean genetic backgrounds. A Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) VIGS vector used here moved systemically into soybean roots but was not effective at silencing candidate gene targets in this tissue. Future studies should continue to refine environmental/experimental conditions to reduce variation and develop a reliable method of assessing change in quantitative disease resistance to define the roles of candidate genes.
Download or read book Identification and Dissection of Soybean QTL Conferring Resistance to Phytophthora Sojae written by Hehe Wang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Phytophthora root and stem rot is the second most serious soybean disease in the USA. Partial resistance in soybean confers a broad-spectrum resistance to Phytophthora sojae and is expressed as reduced infection efficiency, smaller root lesions and reduction in oospore production, and is conferred by quantitative trait loci (QTL). In several host-pathosystems, the detection of an individual QTL differed depending on the specific pathogen isolate or phenotypic assay that was used. In soybean-P. sojae interaction, few broad-spectrum QTL have been identified and very little is known about the molecular mechanisms that contribute to this trait. The hypotheses for this study were that: i) there were more QTL in soybean conferring resistance to P. sojae; ii) soybean QTL with minor effect would respond differentially to P. sojae isolates and phenotypic assays; iii) candidate genes underlying the QTL vary in sequence between the resistant and susceptible genotypes, as well as different expression response during P. sojae infection; and iv) a complex network of defense-pathways is underlying each soybean QTL conferring resistance to P. sojae. Thus the first objective of this study was to map soybean QTL conferring broad-spectrum resistance to P. sojae in the soybean cultivar 'Conrad'. A F 4:6 population from a cross of Conrad and susceptible 'Sloan' was challenged with three P. sojae isolates using two different phenotypic assays. Ten QTL were identified on Chr. 8, 12, 13 (13-1, 13-2), 14, 17, 18 (18-1, 18-2), and 19 (19-1, 19-2). Of these, the QTL 18-2, 19-1, and 19-2 from Conrad, responded to multiple isolates as well as both phenotypic assays, and explained the largest percent of phenotypic variation. RILs with resistance alleles at these QTL had significantly higher yields than those with susceptible alleles in a P. sojae infested field. These QTL were further confirmed in the Conrad x Sloan F 6:8 population. These results indicate these three QTL as the best candidates for resistance breeding. The second objective of this study was to identify the candidate genes conferring partial resistance under these QTL. Microarray analysis identified genes with significantly different expression patterns between Conrad and Sloan, both constitutively and following inoculation. Of these genes, those co-localized with the QTL encoded proteins with unknown functions, or proteins related to defense or physiological traits. Seventeen genes were selected and their expression patterns were confirmed by qRT-PCR. The QTL 19-1 and 19-2 were further dissected by sequence and expression analysis of genes between the resistant and susceptible genotypes. A total of 1025 SNPs were identified between Conrad and Sloan through sequencing of 153 genes. A list of candidate genes with significantly different infection response between the resistant and susceptible lines were identified, including those involved in signal transduction, hormone-mediated pathways, plant cell structural modification, ubiquitination, and basal resistance. These findings suggest a complex defense network with multiple mechanisms underlying individual soybean QTL conferring resistance to P. sojae. Overall, this study will contribute to soybean resistance breeding by providing additional QTL, candidate genes and SNP markers for marker-assisted resistance breeding.
Download or read book Characterization of a Major Quantitative Disease Resistance Locus for Partial Resistance to Phytophthora Sojae written by Stephanie Renae Karhoff and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytophthora root and stem rot is caused by the soil-borne oomycete Phytophthora sojae. Host resistance is the main management practice for Phytophthora root and stem rot, and breeders have historically relied on single, major resistance (Rps) genes. However, pathogen populations have adapted to the previously deployed Rps genes. An alternative is to breed for higher levels of partial resistance, which is quantitatively inherited and typically non isolate-specific. Partial resistance is controlled by multiple quantitative disease resistance loci (QDRL). A QDRL explaining up to 45% of the phenotypic variation (PV) was previously identified in plant introduction (PI) 427106 and PI 427105B (QDRL-18). Major QDRL are rare in the soybean – P. sojae pathosystem; thus, near isogenic lines (NILs) contrasting at QDRL-18 were developed and used to test for isolate-specificity, pleiotropic effects, and validate the locus across environments and genetics backgrounds. Resistant introgressions from either PI 427105B or PI 427106 were effective against seven P. sojae isolates of varying pathotype complexity and increased resistance to P. sojae by 11-20% and 35-40% in laboratory and greenhouse assays, respectively. Furthermore, within the NIL set 4060, lines carrying resistant introgression R105B significantly out-yielded lines with the susceptible introgression SOX under highly favorable disease conditions. In order to facilitate future gene cloning and marker-assisted-selection, RNA-Sequencing of a subset of NILs was completed in conjunction with high resolution mapping of this locus. High-resolution mapping of QDRL-18 with 224-233 markers reduced the original 1,852 Kb interval to a 731 Kb region. Within the refined QDRL, seven genes were differentially expressed following inoculation with P. sojae. Of these seven, one gene putatively encoding a receptor-like protein kinase was significantly downregulated in NILs carrying the resistant introgression derived from PI 427105B at all tested time points. The narrowed QDRL-18 region will provide more closely linked markers and prioritizes candidate genes for future functional analyses. Finally, an obstacle to better understanding the genetic mechanisms of quantitative disease resistance is the identification of causal genes underlying resistance loci. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis has emerged as a method for candidate gene identification, but it requires that the population and conditions in which transcript abundance levels and phenotypic values are obtained be the same. Thus, phenotypic quantitative trait loci (pQTL) were identified in a separate mapping population, derived from a cross between `Conrad’ and `Sloan’, to leverage a larger eQTL study aimed at identifying resistance mechanisms. Two suggestive and one significant pQTL were identified on chromosomes 10 and 18. Most notably, a cis-eQTL coincided with pQTL located on chromosome 18 and is associated with the expression of a gene putatively encoding a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase. Overall, this work contributes to the ongoing effort to (1) better understand the mechanisms associated with partial resistance to P. sojae and (2) develop soybean cultivars with increased levels of partial resistance.
Download or read book Oomycete Genetics and Genomics written by Kurt Lamour and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-06-17 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together the knowledge from and tools for genetic and genomic research into oomycetes to help solve the problems this pathogen poses to crops and animals. Armed with the information presented here, researchers can use oomycete data to solve practical problems and gain insight into future areas of interest. Key Features: Offers an up-to-date coverage of research into oomycetes – which has advanced with biochemical and molecular analyses in recent years Helps researchers use oomycete data to solve practical problems, like damage to crop and animal resources Includes a section on interactions with animal hosts Offers perspective on future areas of research Assembles an international author base
Download or read book Allergy Frontiers Classification and Pathomechanisms written by Ruby Pawankar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-13 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When I entered the field of allergy in the early 1970s, the standard textbook was a few hundred pages, and the specialty was so compact that texts were often authored entirely by a single individual and were never larger than one volume. Compare this with Allergy Frontiers: Epigenetics, Allergens, and Risk Factors, the present s- volume text with well over 150 contributors from throughout the world. This book captures the explosive growth of our specialty since the single-author textbooks referred to above. The unprecedented format of this work lies in its meticulous attention to detail yet comprehensive scope. For example, great detail is seen in manuscripts dealing with topics such as “Exosomes, naturally occurring minimal antigen presenting units” and “Neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1), an asthma susceptibility gene.” The scope is exemplified by the unique approach to disease entities normally dealt with in a single chapter in most texts. For example, anaphylaxis, a topic u- ally confined to one chapter in most textbooks, is given five chapters in Allergy Frontiers. This approach allows the text to employ multiple contributors for a single topic, giving the reader the advantage of being introduced to more than one vi- point regarding a single disease.
Download or read book Fungal Metabolites written by Jean-Michel Mérillon and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phytophthora written by Kurt Lamour and published by CABI. This book was released on 2013 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book begins with an account of the early history of Phytophthora research and the tumultuous events setting the genus in motion. In keeping with its controversial inception, the chapter on taxonomy and phylogeny makes a compelling case that our current notion of Phytophthora as a genus is illusory. This chapter sets the stage for the importance of molecular tools on these enigmatic pathogens. The following chapters discuss species identification, population-level investigation, interspecific hybrids and the impact of diverse Phytophthora species on crops, forests, nurseries, greenhouses and natural areas worldwide.
Download or read book Plant Fungal Pathogens written by Melvin Dennis Bolton and published by Springer Science+Business Media. This book was released on 2012 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Including reproducible laboratory protocols, this guide to fungal pathogens in plants has been written by expert researchers in the field and includes methods now used to study them, including techniques for model systems such as Arabidopsis thaliana.
Download or read book Genetics and Genomics of Soybean written by Gary Stacey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-07 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soybean genomics is of great interest as one of the most economically important crops and a major food source. This book covers recent advances in soybean genome research, including classical, RFLP, SSR, and SNP markers; genomic and cDNA libraries; functional genomics platforms; genetic and physical maps; and gene expression profiles. The book is for researchers and students in plant genetics and genomics, plant biology and pathology, agronomy, and food sciences.
Download or read book Durable Resistance in Crops written by F. Lamberti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant diseases and pests are a major constraint to agricultural production despite the various measures used to control them. Chemical control, although often e~~ective, may pose environmental hazards and is relatively expensive, especially in developing countries where it may be completely uneconomic. Control through genetically mediated resistance to diseases and pests, is both cheap and environmentally sa~e and at present most diseases and pests o~ staple ~ood crops are controlled through some form of resistance. One of the basic problems in the use of resistance is its ~re quent lack of durability; very often a type of resistance is used that 'breaks down' after a certain period. The temporary nature of this resistance, due to the development of new strains of pest or pathogen able to overcome it, has seriously hindered the improvement o~ the yield potential of many crops as a continuing effort is needed to replace old cultivars who resistance has failed, with new ones. Following Vanderplank's now classical publications (1963, 1968) which differentiated horizontal and vertical resistance, studies on several host-parasite systems have shown that di~ferent types of resistance can be distinguished genetically and epidemiologically, and on the ability o~ the pests or pathogens to adapt to them. A knowledge of how resistance operates at the population level has also opened up possibilities of 'managing' relatively simple resistance types in such a way that a stable host-pathogen system can be pro duced with a minimum of crop loss.
Download or read book Fungal Plant Pathogens 2nd Edition written by Charles R. Lane and published by CABI. This book was released on 2023-07-30 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This substantially updated edition now in full colour provides key techniques used when working with fungal and fungal-like plant pathogens. As a practical manual it also deals with disease recognition, detection and identification of fungi, plus methods to characterise and curate fungi and handle them under quarantine and quality assurance systems. Fungal Plant Pathogens: Applied Techniques, 2nd edition provides a valuable guide to investigating fungal plant diseases and interpreting laboratory findings for postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students, extension plant pathologists, consultants and advisers in agriculture, forestry and horticulture, and the food supply chain.
Download or read book Genomics Assisted Crop Improvement written by R.K. Varshney and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-12 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This superb volume provides a critical assessment of genomics tools and approaches for crop breeding. Volume 1 presents the status and availability of genomic resources and platforms, and also devises strategies and approaches for effectively exploiting genomics research. Volume 2 goes into detail on a number of case studies of several important crop and plant species that summarize both the achievements and limitations of genomics research for crop improvement.
Download or read book Biotechnology and Biology of Trichoderma written by Vijai G. Gupta and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-02-17 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biotechnology and Biology of Trichoderma serves as a comprehensive reference on the chemistry and biochemistry of one of the most important microbial agents, Trichoderma, and its use in an increased number of industrial bioprocesses for the synthesis of many biochemicals such as pharmaceuticals and biofuels. This book provides individuals working in the field of Trichoderma, especially biochemical engineers, biochemists and biotechnologists, important information on how these valuable fungi can contribute to the production of a wide range of products of commercial and ecological interest. Provides a detailed and comprehensive coverage of the chemistry, biochemistry and biotechnology of Trichoderma, fungi present in soil and plants Includes most important current and potential applications of Trichoderma in bioengineering, bioprocess technology including bioenergy & biofuels, biopharmaceuticals, secondary metabolites and protein engineering Includes the most recent research advancements made on Trichoderma applications in plant biotechnology and ecology and environment
Download or read book Wheat Landraces written by Nusret Zencirci and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-15 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landraces possess a very large genetic base in population structure and are dynamic populations of cultivated plants with historical origin, distinct identity, and without any formal crop improvement. They are often genetically diverse, locally adapted, and associated with traditional farming systems. Resistance genes to biotic and abiotic stress factors, which are especially diversified in landraces, are of great interest to plant breeders, faced with global climate challenge. In addition, gene pools made of different landraces grown in different ecological conditions can be used for wheat breeding to enhance quality; yield and other desirable agricultural parameters. An estimated 75% of the genetic diversity of crop plants was lost in the last century due to the replacement of high yielding modern varieties. There is, thus, an urgent need to preserve existing species, not only for posterity but also as a means to secure food supply for a rising world population. In this book, we provide an overview of wheat landraces with special attention to genetic diversities, conservation, and utilization.
Download or read book Ecology and Management of Soilborne Plant Pathogens written by American Phytopathological Society and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of soilborne plant pathogens: changing outlook or more of the same?; Characteristics of trends in disease caused by soilborne pathogens with spring barley monoculture; Mycophagous amoebas from arable, pasture, and forest soils; Northern poor root syndrome of sugarcane in Australia; Effects of soil insects on populations and germination of fungal propagules; A technique to comapre growth in soil of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici over a range of matric potentials; Use of aerial photography for assessing soilborne disease; Isolation and characterization of plasmid DNA in the fungus Rhizoctonia solani; Sharp eyespot of cereals and Rhizoctonia of potato; Saprophytic survival of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici in the Victorian Mallee, Australia; The changing nature of stalk rot of maize caused by Gibberella zeae; Collar rot of passion fruit possibly caused by Nectria haematococca in Taiwan; Survival of Phytophthora cinnamomi in eucalyptus roots buried in forest soils; The Rhizoctonia disease complex of wheat; Population and survival of sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani in soil; Rhizoctonia in South Australian wheat fields; Anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia solani and binucleate Rhizoctonia; A study of pepper wilt in Northern Iraq; Rhizoctonia on small-grain cereals in Great Britain; Fungal invasion of clover and grass roots in New Zealand pasture soils; Pathogenic Rhizoctonia and orchids; Origin and distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi; The biology of the rhizosphere; Mode of colonization of roots by Verticillium and Fusarium; Dynamics of root colonization by the take-all fungus; A mathematical model of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots of Trifolium subterraneum; Rhizoplane mycoflora of Gahnia radula and Isopogon ceratophyllus in soils infested and free from Phytophthora cinnamomi; Soils suppressive to Fusarium wilt: mechanisms and management of suppressiveness; Reduction of take-all by mycophagous amoebas in pot bioassays; Trichoderma as a biocontrol agent against soilborne root pathogens; Chemical factors in soils suppressive to Pythium ultimum; Influence of trichoderma on survival of Thanatephorus cucumeris in association with rice in the tropics; Biological control of Fusarium wilt of sweet potato with cross-protection by nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum; Integrated biological and chemical control of sclerotial pathogens; Yield depressions in narrow rotations caused by unknown microbial factors and their suppression by selected pseudomonads; Antagonistic behavior of root region microfungi of pigeon pea against Fusarium udum; Control of Verticillium dahliae by coating potato seed pieces with antagonistic bacteria; Application of fluorescent pseudomonads to control root diseases; The role of seeds in the delivery of antagonists into the rhizosphere; Interactions between microbial residents of cereal roots; Survival of fungal antagonists of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici; Control of wheat take-all and ophiobolus patch of turfgrass by fluorescent pseudomonads; Role of plant breeding in controlling soilborne diseases of cereals; Phytophthora drechsleri causes crown rot and the accumulation of antifungal compounds in cucurbits; Changes in root tissue permeability associated with infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi; Stability of Verticillium resistance of potato clones and changes in soilborne populations with potato monoculture; Field resistance of wheat cultivars to crown rot (Fusarium graminearum group 1); Variability in Phytophthora cactorum in India; Glasshouse test for tolerance of wheat to crown rot caused by Fusarium graminearum group 1; Development of inoculation technique for Rhizoctonia solani and its application to screening cereal cultivars for resistance; Phytophthora cinnamomi; a study of resistance in three native monocotyledons that invade diseased victorian forests; Relative susceptibility of wheat, rye, and triticale to isolates of take-all; New inoculation technique for Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici to measure dose response and resistance in wheat in field experiments; Soil as an environment for the growth of root pathogens; Lethal temperatures of soil fungi; Relation between root infection with Phytophthora cinnamomi and water relations in susceptible and field-resistant Eucalyptus species; Effects of soil temperature, moisture, and timing of irrigation on powdery scab of potatoes; Influence of depleted oxygen supply on phytophthora root rot of safflower in nutrient solution; Pea root pathogen populations in relation to soil structure, compaction, and water content; Wax layers for partitioning soil moisture zones to study the infection of wheat seedlings by Fusarium graminearum; Effect of frost on Fusarium root rot of alfalfa and possibility of double trait selection; Reduction in infection of wheat roots by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici with application of manganese to soil; Effect of parent materials derived from different geological strata on suppressiveness of soils to black root rot of tobacco; Effect of varied NPK nutrition and inoculum density on yield losses of wheat caused by take-all; Influence of environmental factors and sclerotial origin and parasitism of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by Coniothyrium minitans; Impact of herbicides on plant diseases; Effects of soil application of fungicides on take-all in winter wheat; Use of fungicides to study significance and etiology of root rot of subterranean clover in dryland pastures of Victoria; Suppression of soilborne diseases of ornamental plants by tree bark composts; Effects of cropping sequences on saprophytic survival and carry-over of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici; Susceptibility of apple trees to Phytophthora cactorum and effect of systemic fungicides; Enhanced suppression of take-all root rot of wheat with chloride fertilizers; Effect of tillage on Heterodera avenae in wheat; Effect of rotation and tillage on take-all and Rhizoctonia root rot in wheat; Activity of fungicides in soil against infection of wheat roots by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici; Integrated control of root rot of soybean caused by Phytophthora megasperma f.sp. glycinea; Cropping practices and root diseases; Root rot of irrigated subterranean clover in Northern Victoria: Significance and prospects for control; Solar disinfestation of soils; Soil solarization: effects on Fusarium wilt of carnation and Verticillium wilt of eggplant; Evaluation of soil solarization for control of clubroot of crucifers and white rot of onions in Southeastern Australia; Relative efficiency of polyethylene mulching in reducing viability of sclerotia of sclerotium oryzae in soil; Proceedings of the first International Workshop on Take-all of Cereals; preface to the Take-all Workshop; Session 1: Culture and taxonomy; Session 2: Inoculum; Session 3: Pathogenic variation; Session 4: Growth regulators, pesticides, and herbicides; Session 5: Disease expression and measurement; Session 6: Grower observations and questions; Session 7: Nutrition and fertilizers; Session 8: Environmental factors; Session 9: Host-parasite interactions; Session 10: Microbial interactions; Session 11: Disease management; Session 12: Suppressive soils and take-all decline; Session 13: Bacterization and biological control.
Download or read book Arabidopsis Protocols written by Jose J. Sanchez-Serrano and published by Methods in Molecular Biology. This book was released on 2013-09-21 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arabidopsis Protocols, Third Edition compiles some of the most recent methodologies developed to exploit the Arabidopsis genome. These methodologies cover from the guided access to public resources, to genetic, cell biology, biochemical and physiological techniques, including both those that are widely used as well as those novel techniques likely to open up new avenues of knowledge in the future. In addition, considering the recent unparalleled progress of the “omics” tools in Arabidopsis, leading experts have contributed sections on genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome and other whole-system approaches. Arabidopsis thaliana is acknowledged as the most important plant model system by the scientific community and Arabidopsis research has fundamentally influenced our understanding of the basic biology and ecology of plants. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Arabidopsis Protocols, Third Edition seeks to serve both experienced researchers and beginners with its detailed methodologies on this burgeoning scientific field.
