Download or read book Mechanism of Transcriptional Regulation of Retinoic Acid Production in the Intestine Through Retinol Dehydrogenase written by Sharmistha Sarkar and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Retinoids written by Pascal Dollé and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Retinoids: Biology, Biochemistry, and Disease provides an overview and synthesis of the retinoid molecules, from basic biology to mechanisms of diseases and therapy. Divided into five sections, the book covers retinoic acid signaling from biochemical, genetic, developmental, and clinical perspectives. The text is divided into five sections, the first of which examines vitamin A metabolic and enzymatic pathways. Focus then shifts to the role of retinoic acid signaling in development, and then to retinoids and physiological function. The book concludes with chapters on retinoids, disease and therapy. Comprehensive in scope and written by leading researchers in the field, The Retinoids: Biology, Biochemistry, and Disease will be an essential reference for biologists, biochemists, geneticists and developmental biologists, as well as for clinicians and pharmacists engaged in clinical research involving retinoids.

Download or read book The Function of Retinol Dehydrogenase 1 in Retinoic Acid Synthesis and Metabolic Regulation written by Charles Robert Krois and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Retinol dehydrogenases (RDH) convert retinol into retinal, the intermediate in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid. All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) regulates gene transcription and/or translation through retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and PPAR[delta] (1). To test function of Rdh1, an efficient (Vmax/Km) and widely distributed RDH (2), our lab created Rdh1 knockout (KO) mice (3). Initial study of Rdh1-KO mice determined that when fed a low or vitamin A-deficient (VAD) diet, Rdh1-KO mice gain 33% more weight than wild-type (WT). However, when fed a chow diet (22+ IU vitamin A/g diet--i.e. copious), KO mice appeared identical to WT. Our continued work on the Rdh1-KO mouse reveals additional insight into the role of Rdh1 in both retinoic acid synthesis and energy regulation. Both a 10% increase in length and 33% increase in adiposity contribute to weight gain in VAD-fed KO animals. Based on measurements of adipocyte size, increased adiposity results from hyperplasia of white adipose tissue. Rdh1-KO mice, fed a diet with the recommended amount of vitamin A (4 IU/g), also increase in weight and adiposity, but not length. Interestingly, high fat diet feeding fails to exacerbate weight or adiposity. Increased weight contributes to a decline in Rdh1-KO mouse health. Whereas young animals respond normally to tests of glucose and insulin tolerance, older Rdh1-KO mice become insulin resistant and glucose intolerant, with 2.5-fold higher insulin levels. These changes in Rdh1-KO glucose metabolism cannot be attributed to changes in pancreatic 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA) (4). As expected in heavier animals, leptin levels also increase 1.8-fold in Rdh1-KO mice. In addition, loss of Rdh1 reduces circulating thyroid hormones T4 and T3 by 12% and 17%, respectively, though TSH levels remain unchanged. These data demonstrate that atRA, generated by Rdh1, contributes to control of body weight, and does so to a physiologically relevant extent. Increased weight results from either increased caloric intake or decreased energy expenditure. Overall, Rdh1-KO mice move just as much as WT, and their food intake increases only in proportion to body weight. Normalized to body weight, we observe no change to energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry. Thermogenesis, the generation of heat for body temperature maintenance, also contributes to energy expenditure. Rdh1-KO mice respond normally to cold challenge and [beta]3-adrenergic stimulation, but appear reduced in body temperature, especially when stressed by fasting. Consistent with these observations, the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of Rdh1-KO mice expresses normal levels of the [beta]2- and [beta]3-adrenergic receptors and lower levels of Gbpar1, a bile acid receptor also involved in thermogenesis (5). Ucp1 expression increases when KO mice are fasted and returns to WT levels upon refeeding, suggesting UCP1 compensates for, rather than causes, reduced thermogenesis. We used stable isotopes to measure de novo lipogenesis and triglyceride turnover in Rdh1-KO animals. Long term studies reveal reduced de novo lipogenesis, with less newly synthesized palmitate accumulating in white adipose tissue. In short term studies, brown adipose accumulated less new palmitate during 5 hours of refeeding. Comparable levels of total palmitate per gram tissue suggest increased storage of dietary lipid. Reduced rates of de novo lipogenesis, however, cannot explain increased adiposity in Rdh1-KO mice. In samples of liver, white and brown adipose, we measured the relative levels of the most common fatty acids. In animals refed after fasting, the relative contribution of stearate is less in the brown adipose and liver of Rdh1-KO mice. In ad lib fed animals, white and brown adipose have reduced relative stearate levels. These changes to lipid composition are likely due to reduced expression of elongase Elovl6 in Rdh1-KO livers. Loss of Rdh1 does not affect atRA, retinal, retinol or retinyl ester levels in ad lib fed mice in any tissue studied. However, studies of atRA during fasting and refeeding proved insightful to atRA function in WT and KO animals. In WT animals, atRA levels increase 1.3-1.5-fold in brown adipose tissue when refed 2-4 hours after a fast. In liver, atRA levels decline 30% after 5 hours of refeeding. Furthermore, reductions in hepatic retinol and retinyl ester during refeeding coincide with transient increases to serum levels, suggesting export of retinoid in the transition from fasting. Cold exposure had a similar impact on liver retinoids, but did not affect levels in brown adipose tissue. During refeeding, Rdh1-KO animals fail to maintain normal atRA levels in BAT and appear delayed in the export of retinol and esters from liver to serum. Gene expression of retinoid synthesis genes also suggests coordination or retinoid metabolism with fasting and refeeding. In brown adipose tissue, Rdh1, Aldh1a1, Rbp1, Rbp4 and Rbp7 expression decrease between fasting and 6.5 hours of refeeding. Increased atRA, despite decreased gene expression, suggests additional regulatory mechanisms of atRA synthesis in BAT. In liver, multiple Rdh (Rdh1, Dhrs9, Rdh10), retinal dehydrogenases (Aldh1a1, Aldh1a2, Aldh1a3), retinol binding proteins (Rbp1, Rbp4) and Cyp2c39 decrease expression during refeeding. Alternately, Cyp26a1 expression increases with refeeding. Hepatic gene expression changes during refeeding are generally consistent with decreased atRA. Additional work on retinoid gene expression suggests some of these expression changes occur within 2.5 hours of refeeding and that high retinol diet disrupts the regulation of some retinoid metabolism genes. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the Rdh1-KO phenotype, we performed global gene expression analysis in liver, epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT), testes and brown adipose tissue. Despite little to no Rdh1 expression in EWAT, we found nearly 3,000 gene changes in Rdh1-KO. We suspect many of these changes are secondary to weight gain. Microarray of liver, EWAT and BAT identified the gene Gbp1 upregulated in Rdh1-KO mice. Using qPCR, we found increases of 3-fold, 40-fold, and over 500-fold, respectively. Many inflammatory cytokines regulate the expression of Gbp1, yet serum levels of TNF[alpha] and IL-6 appear normal in KO mice. Based on our microarray study, we identified increased expression of Cap1, Klf2, Rbp4 and Gmpr and decreased expression of Adh1, Car5b and Orm2. Interestingly, increased Rbp4 expression does not lead to increased BAT expression of Pparg or Socs3, gene expression targets of RBP-STRA6 signaling (6). We have yet to determine which gene changes in BAT are direct retinoic acid targets or which lead to the weight and adiposity increases in Rdh1-KO mice.

Download or read book The Biochemistry of Retinoid Signaling II written by Mary Ann Asson-Batres and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-09 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of vitamin A in living organisms has been known throughout human history. In the last 100 years, the biochemical nature of vitamin A and its active derivative, retinoic acid, its physiological impact on growth processes, and the essential details of its mechanism of action have been revealed by investigations carried out by researchers using vertebrate and more recently invertebrate models to study a multiplicity of processes and conditions, encompassing embryogenesis, postnatal development to old age. A wealth of intercellular interactions, intracellular signaling systems, and molecular mechanisms have been described and the overall conclusion is that retinoic acid is essential for life. This book series, with chapters authored by experts in every aspect of this complex field, unifies the knowledge base and mechanisms currently known in detailed, engaging, well-illustrated, focused chapters that synthesize information for each specific area. In view of the recent information explosion in this field, it is timely to publish a contemporary, comprehensive, book series recapitulating the most exciting developments in the field and covering fundamental research in molecular mechanisms of vitamin A action, its role in physiology, development, and continued well-being, and the potential of vitamin A derivatives and synthetic mimetics to serve as therapeutic treatments for cancers and other debilitating human diseases. Volume II is divided into nine chapters contributed by prominent experts in their respective fields. Each chapter starts with the history of the area of research. Then, the key findings that contributed to development of the field are described, followed by a detailed look at key findings and progress that are being made in current, ongoing research. Each chapter is concluded with a discussion of the relevance of the research and a perspective on missing pieces and lingering gaps that the author recommends will be important in defining future directions in vitamin A research.

Download or read book Retinoid Signaling Pathways written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-04-29 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Retinoid Signaling Pathways, Volume 637, the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. Sections in this release include The chemistry and biochemistry of Vitamin A and its natural derivative, Biosynthesis of retinoic acids, Biodegration of retinoic acids mediated by retinoid binding proteins, Retinoic acid homeostasis, Cryo Electron Microscopy to study retinol update via the STRA6 receptor, Immuno-detection of retinoic acid synthesis enzymes in the brain, classical pathway of gene regulation by retinoids, Protein-protein interactions in the regulation of retinoid acid receptors activity, and much more. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series Includes the latest information on retinoid signaling pathways

Download or read book Energy Metabolism Regulates Retinoic Acid Synthesis and Homeostasis in Physiological Contexts written by Kristin Marie Obrochta and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mounting evidence supports a regulated and reciprocal relationship between retinoid homeostasis and energy metabolism, with a physiologically relevant consequence of disrupted energy balance. This research was motivated by an observation that all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), and biosynthetic precursors, were responsive to acute shifts in energy status, in wild type animals with normal body weight and glucose tolerance, i.e. not consequent to metabolic syndrome. My dissertation was designed to characterize associations of retinoid changes under different metabolic conditions by targeting synthesis of retinoic acid, identifying underlying mechanism(s), and describing consequent function(s) in four contexts. A model that compared fasted versus re-fed ad-libitum animals was used to evaluate the impact of an acute shift in whole body metabolism on retinoid status. In liver, atRA was elevated in fasted mice, and reduced by 50% in re-fed counterparts. Consistent with synthesis driving the atRA concentration in liver, expression of retinol dehydrogenase (Rdh) genes, Rdh10 and Rdh1, were elevated by fasting, and reduced 50% in re-fed as well as glucose and insulin treated mice, which preceded the reduction in atRA. Subsequent characterization of Rdh10 and Rdh16 (human orthologue of mouse Rdh1) regulation in a human hepatoma (HepG2) cell line identified transcriptional repression by insulin that required PI3K, Akt (PKB) and suppression of the transcription factor FoxO1, which was required for optimal expression of Rdhs. Conversely, expressions of Rdhs were elevated and stabilized in serum free medium conditions. This study illustrated that liver atRA, and specifically its synthesis, is regulated by acute changes in feeding status. This controlled fluctuation in atRA concentration enables transcriptional regulation by atRA in a physiological context, and reinforces an established link between atRA and liver glucose metabolism via phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase. In pancreas tissue, the 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA) concentration was reduced in animals that were fed ad-libitum, versus a fasted state, and also decreased rapidly and transiently in response to a glucose bolus versus a fasted state. 9cRA functions in pancreas to attenuate insulin secretion and synthesis, with the physiological impact of preventing hypoglycemia. In a fed, or glucose treated state, reduced 9cRA sensitizes pancreas for optimum insulin secretion. To understand metabolic regulation of 9cRA, synthesis was characterized with focus on Rdh5 expression in a beta cell model (832/13 rat insulinoma cells). Rdh5 expression and activity were reduced by glucose and cAMP, and overexpression of Rdh5 was sufficient to increase 9c-retinal and 9cRA synthesis. This work identified Rdh5 as a physiologically relevant regulator of 9cRA synthesis in beta cells. A third project aimed to characterize a regulatory function of atRA in central nervous system (CNS) mediated energy balance. The hypothalamus brain region is an integrative center for peripheral signals, and regulates a range of functions including reproduction, autonomic nervous system, immune response, sleep, thermoregulation, fluid homeostasis, food intake and energy expenditure. Research established active atRA metabolism by regionally distinct concentrations of atRA, expression of genes for synthesis and response to atRA, and in situ synthesis of atRA in hypothalamus tissue explants. However, the atRA concentration did not change during dietary interventions of acute fasting and feeding, high fat diet feeding, or to cold exposure. Nuclear receptor PPAR[delta] localized to nuclei and axon structures of neurons in hypothalamus and other brain regions, as demonstrated by immuno-histochemistry and confocal microscopy. This work set a foundation for study of atRA activity, and non-genomic function of PPAR[delta] in hypothalamus, but was unsuccessful in establishing a regulatory function of atRA on CNS mediated energy balance. The impact of dietary vitamin A on retinoid levels was evaluated in multiple tissues of five mouse strains, over three generations. The model transitioned mice from chow diet, containing copious vitamin A, to a semi-purified, vitamin A sufficient (VAS) diet. Three generations of VAS feeding decreased atRA in most tissues of most strains, in some cases more than 50%, and maintained an order of liver = testis> kidney> white adipose tissue = serum. Neither serum retinol nor atRA reflected tissue atRA concentrations. Strain and tissue-specific differences in retinol and atRA that reflect different amounts of dietary vitamin A could have profound effects on retinoid action, and are predictive of strain dependent differences in enzymes regulating atRA synthesis and catabolism. Consequently, the lab has continued to provide semi-purified VAS diet in mouse studies that evaluate retinoid homeostasis. In total, this collection of work provides original and novel insights into metabolic regulation of atRA biosynthesis. The controlled fluctuation in atRA concentrations, as demonstrated in multiple contexts of physiologically relevant shifts in energy status, enables dynamic regulation of downstream transcriptional targets of atRA.

Download or read book Gene Regulation Epigenetics and Hormone Signaling written by Subhrangsu S. Mandal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-10-23 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first of its kind, this reference gives a comprehensive but concise introduction to epigenetics before covering the many interactions between hormone regulation and epigenetics at all levels. The contents are very well structured with no overlaps between chapters, and each one features supplementary material for use in presentations. Throughout, major emphasis is placed on pathological conditions, aiming at the many physiologists and developmental biologists who are familiar with the importance and mechanisms of hormone regulation but have a limited background in epigenetics.

Download or read book The Atlas of Mouse Development written by Matthew H. Kaufman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1992-09 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Not since the early 1970s has there been an attempt to describe and illustrate the anatomy of the developing mouse embryo. More than ever such material is needed by biologists as they begin to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying development and differentiation. After more than ten years of painstaking work, Matt Kaufman has completed The Atlas of Mouse Development--the definitive account of mouse embryology and development. For all those researching or studying mammalian development, The Atlas of Mouse Development will be the standard reference work for many years to come. Provides a comprehensive sequential account of the development of the mouse from pre-implantation to term Contains clear and concise descriptions of the anatomical features relevant to each stage of development Large format for easy use Contains explanatory notes and legends, and more than 180 meticulously labeled plates, 1,300 photographs of individual histological sections, and 200 electron micrographs, illustrating: Intermittent serial histological sections through embryos throughout embryogenesis and organogenesis Differentiation of specific organs and organ systems, including the spinal cord, eyes, gonads, kidneys, lungs and skeletal system External appearance of intact embryos throughout development

Download or read book Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A Vitamin K Arsenic Boron Chromium Copper Iodine Iron Manganese Molybdenum Nickel Silicon Vanadium and Zinc written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-07-19 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series issued by the National Academy of Sciences on dietary reference intakes (DRIs). This series provides recommended intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for individuals based on age and gender. In addition, a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), has also been established to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient. Based on the Institute of Medicine's review of the scientific literature regarding dietary micronutrients, recommendations have been formulated regarding vitamins A and K, iron, iodine, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and other potentially beneficial trace elements such as boron to determine the roles, if any, they play in health. The book also: Reviews selected components of food that may influence the bioavailability of these compounds. Develops estimates of dietary intake of these compounds that are compatible with good nutrition throughout the life span and that may decrease risk of chronic disease where data indicate they play a role. Determines Tolerable Upper Intake levels for each nutrient reviewed where adequate scientific data are available in specific population subgroups. Identifies research needed to improve knowledge of the role of these micronutrients in human health. This book will be important to professionals in nutrition research and education.

Download or read book Medical Epigenetics written by Trygve Tollefsbol and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-06-21 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical Epigenetics provides a comprehensive analysis of the importance of epigenetics to health management. The purpose of this book is to fill a current need for a comprehensive volume on the medical aspects of epigenetics with a focus on human systems, epigenetic diseases that affect these systems and modes of treating epigenetic-based disorders and diseases. The intent of this book is to provide a stand-alone comprehensive volume that will cover all human systems relevant to epigenetic maladies and all major aspects of medical epigenetics. The overall goal is to provide the leading book on medical epigenetics that will be useful not only to physicians, nurses, medical students and many others directly involved with health care, but also investigators in life sciences, biotech companies, graduate students and many others who are interested in more applied aspects of epigenetics. Research in the area of translational epigenetics is a cornerstone of this volume. Critical reviews dedicated to the burgeoning role of epigenetics in medical practice Coverage of emerging topics including twin epigenetics as well as epigenetics of gastrointestinal disease, muscle disorders, endocrine disorders, ocular medicine, pediatric diseases, sports medicine, noncoding RNA therapeutics, pain management and regenerative medicine Encompasses a disease-oriented perspective of medical epigenetics as well as diagnostic and prognostic epigenetic approaches to applied medicine

Download or read book Patterning and Cell Type Specification in the Developing CNS and PNS written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-05-06 with total page 993 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of neural development are essential for understanding evolution and disorders of neural systems. Recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods have generated a massive increase in new information, but there is a paucity of comprehensive and up-to-date syntheses, references, and historical perspectives on this important subject. The Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series is designed to fill this gap, offering the most thorough coverage of this field on the market today and addressing all aspects of how the nervous system and its components develop. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development and on new psychiatric/neurological treatments being developed based on our increased understanding of developmental mechanisms. Each volume in the series consists of review style articles that average 15-20pp and feature numerous illustrations and full references. Volume 1 offers 48 high level articles devoted mainly to patterning and cell type specification in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. Series offers 144 articles for 2904 full color pages addressing ways in which the nervous system and its components develop Features leading experts in various subfields as Section Editors and article Authors All articles peer reviewed by Section Editors to ensure accuracy, thoroughness, and scholarship Volume 1 sections include coverage of mechanisms which: control regional specification, regulate proliferation of neuronal progenitors and control differentiation and survival of specific neuronal subtypes, and controlling development of non-neural cells

Download or read book The Retinoids written by Michael B. Sporn and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Retinoids, Volume 1 covers the chemistry and biology of retinoids, with an emphasis on the role of retinoids in nutrition and in vision. After briefly discussing the discovery and nomenclature of retinoids, this six-chapter volume describes the chemical and physical properties of natural and synthetic retinoids, as well as the retinoidal benzoic acid derivatives. The book goes on describing various reactions with radioisotopes for the synthesis of retinoids and related compounds. Considerable chapters explain the chemical, physical, and biological methodologies for separating and measuring retinoids. A discussion on the relationships between structure and activity of retinoids is included. The last chapter addresses the role of vitamin A in animal and human nutrition. This volume also discusses the metabolism of vitamin A in normal and disease states, as well as its interaction with hormones, micronutrients, drugs, and alcohol. This volume is an ideal source for nutritionists, clinicians, and researchers who are interested in the progressing field of retinoid research.

Download or read book Vitamin A in Health and Disease written by Rune Blomhoff and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 714 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews the recent breakthroughs in vitamin A research. Discusses the metabolism of vitamin A; the mechanism of action of vitamin A and the provitamin A carotenoids; the role of retinoids in embryonic development, skin and epithelial cells, blood cells, vision, and reproduction; vitamin A deficiency and teratogenicity; and the anticancer role of vitamin A from an epidemiological point of view. Intended as a source of information for scientists engaged in research in the field of vitamin A.

Download or read book Activity Based Protein Profiling written by Benjamin F. Cravatt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-25 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a collection of contemporary perspectives on using activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) for biological discoveries in protein science, microbiology, and immunology. A common theme throughout is the special utility of ABPP to interrogate protein function and small-molecule interactions on a global scale in native biological systems. Each chapter showcases distinct advantages of ABPP applied to diverse protein classes and biological systems. As such, the book offers readers valuable insights into the basic principles of ABPP technology and how to apply this approach to biological questions ranging from the study of post-translational modifications to targeting bacterial effectors in host-pathogen interactions.

Download or read book Retinoid Therapy written by W.J. Cunliffe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of the retinoids in clinical practice has primarily been in dermatology. When Dr Werner Bollag began his basic research and screening programme in the early 1960's, the expectation was that the retinoids would have a major impact on oncology. However, the laboratory and clinical experiences of Bollag and his colleagues in Switzerland, Stuttgen and Orfanos in Germany, led to publications on both etretinates (Tigason) and isotretinoin (Roaccutane) in the years between 1972 and 1976 in the field of dermatology. In fact the first symposium on retinoid research held in Berlin in 1981 was almost entirely dermatological. A year later a retinoid workshop in Iowa was designed to provide a forum for dermatolog ists from the USA involved in specific protocols investigating oral retinoids. In the UK, research into the retinoids began rather later than in Continental Europe or in the USA, although Tigason was first marketed here. It was felt in late 1982 that as many dermatologists had relatively little experience with these compounds it would be appropriate to hold an International Symposium on retinoid therapy in the UK. Thus on 16-18 May 1983 in London, 37 speakers from 11 countries addressed an audience of 300, aminly UK, dermatologists. The scientific organizing committee consisted of but two persons Dr William Cunliffe of Leeds General Infirmary, representing the European Society of Dermatolo gical Research, and myself from Roche Clinical Research. The Symposium was held under the auspices of the ESDR and of Roche Products Limited.

Download or read book Retinoids written by Heinz Nau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the future' the decade of the 1990s will likely be viewed as a Golden Age for retinoid research. There have been unprecedented research gains in the understanding of retinoid actions and physiology; since the retinoid nuclear receptors were first identified and the importance of retinoic acid in develop mental processes was first broadly recognized in the late 1980s. Between then and now, our knowledge of retinoid action has evolved from one of a near complete lack of understanding of how retinoids act within cells to one of sophisticated understanding of the molecular processes through which retinoids modulate transcription. In this volume, we have tried to provide a comprehensive update of the present understanding of retinoid actions, with an emphasis on re cent advances. The initial chapters of the volume, or Section A, focus on the physicochemical properties and metabolism of naturally occurring retinoids: - N OY provides an uncommonly encountered view of retinoid effects from the perspective of the physiochemical properties of retinoids. - V AKIANI and BUCK lend a perspective on the biological occurrence and actions of retro- and anhydro-retinoids. Section B considers both the retinoid nuclear receptors and their mechanisms of action as well as synthetic retinoids that have been used exper imentally to provide mechanistic insights into receptor actions and have potential therapeutic use for treating disease: - PIEDRAFITA and PFAHL provide a comprehensive review of retinoid nuclear receptor biochemistry and molecular biology.

Download or read book Cosmeceuticals written by J. Comstock and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2021-01-19 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmeceuticals are ingredients or products that provide cosmetic and therapeutic benefits and which can be obtained without a prescription. They are one of the fastest growing segments in the personal care product market. Even in the worst economic climate, sales of cosmetics remain robust. Beauty enhancers are our best means of feel-good escapism, and we are not about to give them up. The ingredients, sales locations, and the regulation of sales are dynamic aspects of the industry. Here we give you a heads-up on where the market is going so you can make strategic decisions for your practice. This book will give you an understanding of facial cosmeceuticals examining the needs of the face, moisturizer formulation, noninvasive testing, and clinical evaluation to establish efficacy. It sheds light on topics such as the delivery mechanisms of active ingredients, vitamin A and C and other antioxidants, growth factors and stem cells, peptides, or amino acids. Topics also include the use of cosmeceuticals for the treatment of acne, rosacea, and hair loss and for hair care as well as the treatment of scars and cosmeceuticals for sun protection and protection from pollution. It also covers aspects of nutraceuticals and diets for healthy skin.