Download or read book Mechanical Properties and Crystal Growth Studies of Semiconductor Alloys written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compound semiconductors are attractive materials for optoelectronic devices since they present a broad selection of band gaps. The mechanical properties of these materials is of interest for both practical and theoretical reasons, however, there is a paucity of experimental information on this topic . The objective of this research program was to develop methods for providing reliable experimental information on the mechanical properties of compound semiconductors and their alloys. The main activity has been the measurement of the hardness of these materials. We have used two basic hardness measurements: conventional microhardness measurements, such as the Vickers hardness test; and the Nanoindentor hardness. For the former measurements, bulk crystals or thick films Were needed. A significant part of the program was devoted to preparing relevant samples for these measurements. We used conventional methods of crystal growth for producing bulk crystals and we developed novel methods of vapor phase epitaxial growth to prepare thick films of variable composition. The Nanoindentor was used for measuring the hardness and the modulus of thin films and bulk samples were measured by Vickers or with the Nanoindentor. We investigated a wide variety of semiconductor systems for measurement, but we selected a few systems that had well established device applications for particular emphasis in our studies.

Download or read book Crystal Growth and Mechanical Properties of Semiconductor Alloys written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We describe a study of the mechanical properties and crystal growth of compound semiconductor alloys. We also investigated experimental conditions that may influence the hardness values and, hence, might explain the large variations in hardness values that are described in literature for many semiconductors, specifically the following: 1) differences in the hardness of different grains, across twins, and as the sample is rotated that may rise from crystal orientation affects; 2) differences in hardness arising from the photoplastic effect; and 3) differences in hardness arising from differences in applied loads during hardness testing. We propose to continue this work by: 1) expanding our study a wider range of composition of ZnTe-CdTe superlattices; 2) investigating both strained layer and lattice matched superlattices of InGaAsP; 3) investigating superlattices of Si and Ge; and 4) investigating creep in HgTe and other semiconductors of relatively low melting temperatures.

Download or read book Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth written by Govindhan Dhanaraj and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-20 with total page 1823 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the years, many successful attempts have been chapters in this part describe the well-known processes made to describe the art and science of crystal growth, such as Czochralski, Kyropoulos, Bridgman, and o- and many review articles, monographs, symposium v- ing zone, and focus speci cally on recent advances in umes, and handbooks have been published to present improving these methodologies such as application of comprehensive reviews of the advances made in this magnetic elds, orientation of the growth axis, intro- eld. These publications are testament to the grow- duction of a pedestal, and shaped growth. They also ing interest in both bulk and thin- lm crystals because cover a wide range of materials from silicon and III–V of their electronic, optical, mechanical, microstructural, compounds to oxides and uorides. and other properties, and their diverse scienti c and The third part, Part C of the book, focuses on - technological applications. Indeed, most modern ad- lution growth. The various aspects of hydrothermal vances in semiconductor and optical devices would growth are discussed in two chapters, while three other not have been possible without the development of chapters present an overview of the nonlinear and laser many elemental, binary, ternary, and other compound crystals, KTP and KDP. The knowledge on the effect of crystals of varying properties and large sizes. The gravity on solution growth is presented through a c- literature devoted to basic understanding of growth parison of growth on Earth versus in a microgravity mechanisms, defect formation, and growth processes environment.

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Crystal Growth written by Brian R. Pamplin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-11 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystal Growth, Second Edition deals with crystal growth methods and the relationships between them. The chemical physics of crystal growth is discussed, along with solid growth techniques such as annealing, sintering, and hot pressing; melt growth techniques such as normal freezing, cooled seed method, crystal pulling, and zone melting; solution growth methods; and vapor phase growth. This book is comprised of 15 chapters and opens with a bibliography of books and source material, highlighted by a classification of crystal growth techniques. The following chapters focus on the molecular state of a crystal when in equilibrium with respect to growth or dissolution; the fundamentals of classical and modern hydrodynamics as applied to crystal growth processes; creation, control, and measurement of the environment in which a crystal with desired properties can grow; and growth processes where transport occurs through the vapor phase. The reader is also introduced to crystal growth with molecular beam epitaxy; crystal pulling as a crystal growth method; and zone refining and its applications. This monograph will be of interest to physicists and crystallographers.

Download or read book III V Semiconductors written by Herbert C. Freyhardt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, in conjunction with Springer-Verlag New York, is pleased to announce a new series: CRYSTALS Growth, Properties, and Applications The series presents critical reviews of recent developments in the field of crystal growth, properties, and applications. A substantial portion of the new series will be devoted to the theory, mechanisms, and techniques of crystal growth. Occasionally, clear, concise, complete, and tested instructions for growing crystals will be published, particularly in the case of methods and procedures that promise to have general applicability. Responding to the ever-increasing need for crystal substances in research and industry, appropriate space will be devoted to methods of crystal characterization and analysis in the broadest sense, even though reproducible results may be expected only when structures, microstructures, and composition are really known. Relations among procedures, properties, and the morphology of crystals will also be treated with reference to specific aspects of their practical application. In this way the series will bridge the gaps between the needs of research and industry, the pos sibilities and limitations of crystal growth, and the properties of crystals. Reports on the broad spectrum of new applications - in electronics, laser tech nology, and nonlinear optics, to name only a few - will be of interest not only to industry and technology, but to wider areas of applied physics as well and to solid state physics in particular. In response to the growing interest in and importance of organic crystals and polymers, they will also be treated.

Download or read book Semiconductors written by T. F. Connolly and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: And often on request from the issuing installation. USAEC reports are also available from International Atomic Energy Agency Kaerntnerring A 1010 Vienna, Austria National Lending Library Boston Spa, England Monographs and reports of the National Bureau 01 Standards are for sale by Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Theses, listed as Dissertation Abstracts + number, are available in North and South America from University Microfilms Dissertation Copies P.O. Box 1764 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 and elsewhere from University Microfilms, Ltd. St. John's Road Tylers Green Penn, Buckinghamshire England Conlenls Addendum ... xiii 1. Information Centers and Other Services ... 1 2. Journals ... 3 3. Methods of Crystal Growth - Books and Reviews ... 5 4. Semiconductors - General, Reviews, and Bibliographies ... 11 5. 1-V -VI Compounds ... 21 6. li-IV - V2 Compounds ... 23 7. II - V Compounds ... 29 a. General, Reviews, and Bibliographies ... 29 b. Zinc Compounds ... 30 1. Zn3P2" .. . .. . .. . . .. ... .. ... . .. ... . . .. ... .. . . 30 2. ZnAs ... 30 3. ZnSb ... 30 4. Zn Mixed Systems ... 31 c. Cadmium Compounds ... 31 31 1. Cd3P2' ... 2. Cd3As2 ... 31 3. CdSb, Cd3Sb2 ... 33 37 8. li-VI Compounds ... a. General, Reviews, and Bibliographies ... ... 37 ... b. Zinc Compounds ... . ... ... 39 ... 1. ZnO ... 39 Preparation and Properties ... 39 Electrical Properties ... ... 41 ... Optical Properties ... ... 45 ... Physical Properties and Structure ... ... 47 ... 2. ZnS ... 49 3. ZnSe ... 52 4. ZnTe ... ' ... 54 5. Zn Mixed Systems. ... ... 55 ... 55 c. Cadmium Compounds ... 55 1. CdS ... 2. CdSe ... 60 3. CdTe ... 61 4. CdTernaries ... ... 62 ... d. Mercury Compounds ... ... . 64 ...

Download or read book Silicon Germanium and Their Alloys written by Gudrun Kissinger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-09 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the vast knowledge accumulated on silicon, germanium, and their alloys, these materials still demand research, eminently in view of the improvement of knowledge on silicon–germanium alloys and the potentialities of silicon as a substrate for high-efficiency solar cells and for compound semiconductors and the ongoing development of nanodevices based on nanowires and nanodots. Silicon, Germanium, and Their Alloys: Growth, Defects, Impurities, and Nanocrystals covers the entire spectrum of R&D activities in silicon, germanium, and their alloys, presenting the latest achievements in the field of crystal growth, point defects, extended defects, and impurities of silicon and germanium nanocrystals. World-recognized experts are the authors of the book’s chapters, which span bulk, thin film, and nanostructured materials growth and characterization problems, theoretical modeling, crystal defects, diffusion, and issues of key applicative value, including chemical etching as a defect delineation technique, the spectroscopic analysis of impurities, and the use of devices as tools for the measurement of materials quality.

Download or read book Crystal Growth Technology written by Hans J. Scheel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-10-04 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiconductors and dielectrics are two essential materials found in cell phones and computers, for example, and both are manufactured by growing crystals. Edited by the organizers of the International Workshop on Crystal Growth Technology, this ready reference is essential reading for materials scientists, chemists, physicists, computer hardware manufacturers, engineers, and those working in the chemical and semiconductor industries. They have assembled an international team of experts who present the current challenges, latest methods and new applications for producing these materials necessary for the electronics industry using bulk crystal growth technology. From the contents: * General aspects of crystal growth technology * Compound semiconductors * Halides and oxides * Crystal growth for sustaining energy * Crystal machining

Download or read book Semiconductor Alloys written by An-Ben Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first comprehensive treatment of these technologically important materials, the authors provide theories linking the properties of semiconductor alloys to their constituent compounds. Topics include crystal structures, bonding, elastic properties, phase diagrams, band structures, transport, ab-initio theories, and semi-empirical theories. Each chapter includes extensive tables and figures as well as problem sets.

Download or read book Properties of Semiconductor Alloys written by Sadao Adachi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-03-12 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main purpose of this book is to provide a comprehensive treatment of the materials aspects of group-IV, III−V and II−VI semiconductor alloys used in various electronic and optoelectronic devices. The topics covered in this book include the structural, thermal, mechanical, lattice vibronic, electronic, optical and carrier transport properties of such semiconductor alloys. The book reviews not only commonly known alloys (SiGe, AlGaAs, GaInPAs, and ZnCdTe) but also new alloys, such as dilute-carbon alloys (CSiGe, CSiSn, etc.), III−N alloys, dilute-nitride alloys (GaNAs and GaInNAs) and Mg- or Be-based II−VI semiconductor alloys. Finally there is an extensive bibliography included for those who wish to find additional information as well as tabulated values and graphical information on the properties of semiconductor alloys.

Download or read book Crystal Growth And Characterization Of Advanced Materials Proceedings Of The International School On Crystal Growth And Characterization Of Advanced Matherials written by A N Christensen and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1988-12-31 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents:Fundamental Aspects of Crystal Growth from the Melt (C Paorici & L Zanotti)Phase Diagrams in Crystal Growth (A N Christensen)Growth Procedures and Perfection of Semiconductor Materials (A Lindegaard-Andersen)Atomistic Aspects of Crystal Growth and Epitaxy (I Markov)Fundamentals of Liquid Phase Epitaxial Growth (P Kordos)Determination of Few Selected Basic Parameters of the Investigation of AIII-BV Semiconductors Using X-Ray Methods (H Bruhl)Multijunction Solar Cells (I Chambouleyron)Application of the Mossbauer Spectroscopy to the Study of Magnetic Materials (G Albanese)Metallic Magnetism in Modern Materials (D Givord)and others Readership: Materials scientists.

Download or read book Gallium Oxide written by Masataka Higashiwaki and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-23 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive coverage of the new wide-bandgap semiconductor gallium oxide (Ga2O3). Ga2O3 has been attracting much attention due to its excellent materials properties. It features an extremely large bandgap of greater than 4.5 eV and availability of large-size, high-quality native substrates produced from melt-grown bulk single crystals. Ga2O3 is thus a rising star among ultra-wide-bandgap semiconductors and represents a key emerging research field for the worldwide semiconductor community. Expert chapters cover physical properties, synthesis, and state-of-the-art applications, including materials properties, growth techniques of melt-grown bulk single crystals and epitaxial thin films, and many types of devices. The book is an essential resource for academic and industry readers who have an interest in, or plan to start, a new R&D project related to Ga2O3.

Download or read book Vapor Crystal Growth and Characterization written by Ching-Hua Su and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-14 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes developments in the crystal growth of bulk II-VI semiconductor materials. A fundamental, systematic, and in-depth study of the physical vapor transport (PVT) growth process is the key to producing high-quality single crystals of semiconductors. As such, the book offers a comprehensive overview of the extensive studies on ZnSe and related II-VI wide bandgap compound semiconductors, such as CdS, CdTe, ZnTe, ZnSeTe and ZnSeS. Further, it shows the detailed steps for the growth of bulk crystals enabling optical devices which can operate in the visible spectrum for applications such as blue light emitting diodes, lasers for optical displays and in the mid-IR wavelength range, high density recording, and military communications. The book then discusses the advantages of crystallization from vapor compared to the conventional melt growth: lower processing temperatures, the purification process associated with PVT, and the improved surface morphology of the grown crystals, as well as the necessary drawbacks to the PVT process, such as the low and inconsistent growth rates and the low yield of single crystals. By presenting in-situ measurements of transport rate, partial pressures and interferometry, as well as visual observations, the book provides detailed insights into in the kinetics during the PVT process. This book is intended for graduate students and professionals in materials science as well as engineers preparing and developing optical devices with semiconductors.

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Growth and Optical Properties of Wide Gap II VI Low Dimensional Semiconductors written by T.C. McGill and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Growth and Optical Properties of Wide Gap II-VI Low Dimensional Semiconductors", held from 2 - 6 August 1988 in Regensburg, Federal Republic of Germany, under the auspices of the NATO International Scientific Exchange Programme. Semiconducting compounds formed by combining an element from column II of the periodic table with an element from column VI (so called II-VI Semiconductors) have long promised many optoelectronic devices operating in the visible region of the spectrum. However, these materials have encountered numerous problems including: large number of defects and difficulties in obtaining p- and n-type doping. Advances in new methods of material preparation may hold the key to unlocking the unfulfilled promises. During the workshop a full session was taken up covering the prospects for wide-gap II-VI Semiconductor devices, particularly light emitting ones. The growth of bulk materials was reviewed with the view of considering II-VI substrates for the novel epitaxial techniques such as MOCVD, MBE, ALE, MOMBE and ALE-MBE. The controlled introduction of impurities during non-equilibrium growth to provide control of the doping type and conductivity was emphasized.

Download or read book Spontaneous Ordering in Semiconductor Alloys written by Angelo Mascarenhas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The phenomenonofspontaneous ordering in semiconductoralloys, which can be categorized as a self-organized process, is observed to occur sponta neously during epitaxial growth of certain ternary alloy semiconductors and results in a modification of their structural, electronic, and optical properties. There has been a great dealofinterest in learning how to control this phenome non so that it may be used for tailoring desirable electronic and optical properties. There has been even greater interest in exploiting the phenomenon for its unique ability in providing an experimental environment of controlled alloy statistical fluctuations. As such, itimpacts areasofsemiconductorscience and technology related to the materials science ofepitaxial growth, statistical mechanics, and electronic structure of alloys and electronic and photonic devices. During the past two decades, significant progress has been made toward understanding the mechanisms that drive this phenomenon and the changes in physical properties that result from it. A variety of experimental techniques have been used to probe the phenomenon and several attempts made atproviding theoretical models both for the ordering mechanisms as well as electronic structure changes. The various chapters of this book provide a detailed account of these efforts during the past decade. The first chapter provides an elaborate account of the phenomenon, with an excellent perspective of the structural and elec tronic modifications itinduces.