Download or read book Mechanical Counter pressure Space Suit Design Using Active Materials written by Bradley Thomas Holschuh and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanical counter-pressure (MCP) space suits have the potential to greatly improve the mobility of astronauts as they conduct planetary exploration activities; however, the underlying technologies required to provide uniform compression in an MCP garment at sucient pressures (29.6 kPa) for space exploration have not yet been demonstrated, and donning and dong of such a suit remains a signicant challenge. This research effort focuses on the novel use of active material technologies to produce a garment with controllable compression capabilities to address these problems. We the describe the modeling, development, and testing of low spring index (C = 3) nickel titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloy (SMA) coil actuators designed for use in wearable compression garments. Several actuators were manufactured, annealed, and tested to assess their de-twinning and activation characteristics. We then describe the derivation and development of a complete two-spring model to predict the performance of hybrid compression textiles combining passive elastic fabrics and integrated SMA coil actuators based on 11 design parameters. Design studies (including two specifically tailored for MCP applications) are presented using the derived model to demonstrate the range of possible garment performance outcomes based on strategically chosen SMA and material parameters. Finally, we present a novel methodology for producing modular 3D-printed SMA actuator cartridges designed for use in compression garments, and test 5 active tourniquet prototypes (made using these cartridges and commercially available fabrics) to assess the eect of SMA actuation on the tourniquet compression characteristics. Our results demonstrate that hybrid active tourniquet prototypes are highly effective, with counter-pressures increasing by an average of 81.9% when activated (taking an average of only 23.7 seconds to achieve steady state). Maximum average counter-pressures reached 34.3 kPa, achieving 115.9% of the target MCP counter-pressure. We observed signicant spatial variability in the active counter-pressure profiles, stemming from high friction, asymmetric fabric stretching, and near-field pressure spikes/voids caused by the SMA cartridge. Modifications to reduce tourniquet friction were effective at mitigating a proportion of this variability. System performance and repeatability were found to depend heavily on the passive fabric characteristics, with performance losses attributable to irrecoverable fabric strain, degradation in fabric elastic modulus, and non-linear modulus behavior. The results of this research open the door to new opportunities to advance the field of MCP spacesuit design, as well as opportunities to improve compression garments used in healthcare therapies, competitive athletics, and battlefield medicine.

Download or read book Assessment and Preliminary Model Development of Shape Memory Polymers Mechanical Counter Pressure Space Suits written by Brian J. Wee and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis seeks to assess the viability of a space qualified shape memory polymer (SMP) mechanical counter pressure (MCP) suit. A key development objective identified by the International Space Exploration Coordination Group, the development of a superior space suit with greater mobility and environmental robustness is necessary to support long-range human space exploration, specifically a mission to Mars. Conceptualized in 1971, a spacesuit utilizing MCP would fulfill these goals but its development was halted due to inadequate mechanical analysis and material limitations at the time. Since then, new active materials have been assessed to potentially further the development of a space qualified MCP space suit, which include quantitative thresholds for minimum pressure production, durability, pressure distribution, mobility range, and ease of garment donning and doffing. Guided by these criteria, a SMP biaxial tubular braid applying MCP through active compression was designed and the prototype manufacturing processes were outlined. To predict the pressure production of this garment, the thermo-mechanics of a SMP was combined with the textile mechanics of a biaxial tubular braid and simulated within design parameter ranges consistent with the design criteria and practical considerations. The pressure production was controllable with the design parameters SMP elastic modulus, garment radial deformation, textile fiber spacing, and operational temperature. Assuming reasonable model accuracy, a SMP garment could achieve the necessary pressure production for a space qualified MCP suit, however, the durability of such a garment would be questionable considering the creep sustained from consecutive spacewalks of four to eight hours. Recommendations are made for methods to increase model accuracy, suggested SMP actuation mechanisms, and alternative textile architectures.

Download or read book Addressing Design Challenges in Mechanical Counter Pressure Spacesuit Design and Space inspired Informal Education Policy written by Allison Paige Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extravehicular activity (EVA), or spacewalks allows astronauts to accomplish some of the most important endeavors in space history. The importance of EVA will continue to increase as people venture further into our solar system. The spacesuit, used to protect the astronaut during EVA, is an anthropomorphic spacecraft that provides the physical environment a person needs to survive in the harsh environment of space. Although the suits are safe and effective, the pressurized suit becomes rigid in the vacuum of space, causing the astronaut to waste energy. Mechanical counterpressure (MCP) suits offer an alternative to gas pressurized suits by using elastic garments to provide pressure against the skin. Despite their many advantages, MCP suits are very difficult to put on, or don, making them infeasible for use today. A network of gas pressurized tubes is proposed as a solution to the donning problem. When pressurized, the tubes expand to become rigid, opening the MCP garment in the process. The system was modeled and a functional prototype was developed using a novel construction process. The model can be used as a design tool for future designs and the prototype serves as a proof-of-concept for this solution to the donning problem. The spectacular feats accomplish through spacewalks and space exploration inspire students to pursue an interest and career in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). Since its inception, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been dedicated to educating the public about its compelling mission, fascinating discoveries, and the complicated technologies it develops. However, as the United States slips in indicators of student performance in STEM subjects, many look toward informal education, or education that occurs outside the classroom, to spur interest in STEM subjects. To maximize educational outcomes, NASA has developed a strategic framework to guide its educational programs. This framework is analyzed in the context of strategic management literature and suggests that the framework could be more easily implemented if NASA were to refine its education structure using the strengths of each of its directorates. The proposed framework was implemented in an informal education project and evaluated to determine if a projects implemented under the framework achieves the intended learning objectives. Students showed an increased understanding of NASA's mission and the complicated nature of space exploration. Suggestions to improve future projects are also given.

Download or read book Design and Evaluation of Elements of a Life Support System for Mechanical Counterpressure Spacesuits written by Jeremy Paul Stroming and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanical counterpressure (MCP) spacesuits offer several advantages over traditional gas-pressurized suits including lower energy cost of transport, reduced risk of decompression due to suit tear or puncture, and increased astronaut comfort. The BioSuit[superscript TM] is an MCP concept being developed at MIT primarily for planetary extravehicular activity (EVA) on the Moon and Mars. In this thesis we present the initial design and testing of several key parts of the life support system for the BioSuit[superscript TM]. First, a breathing compensation bladder that covers the chest and is pneumatically continuous with the helmet is discussed. This bladder eases the burden of respiration associated with constrictive garments and adapts to the changing volume of the chest to provide equalized pressure across the torso. The initial results of laboratory testing of the airflow and pressure maintenance of a bladder-helmet system on a mannequin are presented. Second, thermal modeling of a BioSuit[superscript TM] EVA on the lunar and Martian surfaces was conducted to assess the performance of MCP spacesuit garments in protecting astronauts from the extreme temperatures and harsh radiation environments of those locations. This modeling included new proposed radiation protection and insulating materials as well as a passive elastic compressive layer. Results were computed for both male and female astronauts, helping to identify suit design differences that will be needed to accommodate both men and women who will conduct future EVAs. This work is used to inform future design requirements for the suit's thermal management system. Overall, this research advances the development of life support systems for a full MCP spacesuit and lessons learned can be applied for future engineering prototypes.

Download or read book Textiles Identity and Innovation Design the Future written by Gianni Montagna and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: D_TEX presents itself as a starting point at a crossroads of ideas and debates around the complex universe of Textile Design in all its forms, manifestations and dimensions. The textile universe, allied to mankind since its beginnings, is increasingly far from being an area of exhausted possibilities, each moment proposing important innovations that need a presentation, discussion and maturation space that is comprehensive and above all inter- and transdisciplinary. Presently, the disciplinary areas where the textile area is present are increasing and important, such as fashion, home textiles, technical clothing and accessories, but also construction and health, among others, and can provide new possibilities and different disciplinary areas and allowing the production of new knowledge. D_TEX proposes to join the thinking of design, with technologies, tradition, techniques, and related areas, in a single space where ideas are combined with the technique and with the projectual and research capacity, thus providing for the creation of concepts, opinions, associations of ideas, links and connections that allow the conception of ideas, products and services. The interdisciplinary nature of design is a reality that fully reaches the textile material in its essence and its practical application, through the synergy and contamination by the different interventions that make up the multidisciplinary teams of research. The generic theme of D_TEX Textile Design Conference 2017, held at Lisbon School of Architecture of the University of Lisbon, Portugal on November 2-4, 2017, is Design the Future, starting from the crossroads of ideas and debates, a new starting point for the exploration of textile materials, their identities and innovations in all their dimensions.

Download or read book The Viability of Mechanical Counter Pressure Space Suits written by James Murray Andrew Waldie and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Materials that Move written by Murat Bengisu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-25 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a design-driven investigation into smart materials developed by chemists, physicists, materials and chemical engineers, and applied by designers to consumer products, buildings, interfaces, or textiles. Introducing a class of smart materials (referred to as stimuli-responsive, morphing or kinetic materials) that move and change their shape in response to stimuli, the book presents their characteristics, advantages, potentials, as well as the difficulties involved in their application. The book also presents a large number of case studies on products, projects, concepts, and experiments employing smart materials, thus mapping out new design territories for these innovative materials. The case studies involve different fields of design, including product, interior, fashion, and communication design. Reflecting the growing demand for sustainable and human-centered design agendas, the book explores and reveals the role and influence of these new materials and technologies on design and human experience, and discusses how they can be used to redefine our objects and spaces so as to promote more resilient environments. The book offers an intriguing and valuable resource for design professionals, engineers, scientists and students alike.

Download or read book US Spacesuits written by Kenneth S. Thomas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-11 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: * the most accurate and comprehensive work on U.S. spacesuits ever published. *A unique insight into the development of US spacesuits through to the present day. * Presents in context the authors’ unique collection of 172 black and white photographs. * Explains why spacesuits are a last refuge for astronauts for survival. * Details many technically and historically interesting developments, but which never achieved fruition.

Download or read book Development of a Mechanical Counter Pressure Bio Suit System for Planetary Exploration written by Zhe Liang Sim and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) The bindings prevented the increase in blood pressure that occurs when the unprotected calf is exposed to underpressure, further demonstrating their efficacy as a pressure layer. The elastic bindings concept in its current form is not a final design for an operational EVA system. However, it exhibits many of the attributes necessary for use in such a system and is thus extremely valuable for studying the engineering, physiological and practical issues associated with utilizing mechanical counterpressure as a cornerstone of the Bio-Suit.

Download or read book Review of NASA s Evidence Reports on Human Health Risks written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-03-15 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Review of NASA's Evidence Reports on Human Health Risks 2015 Letter Report is the third in a series of five reports from the Institute of Medicine that will independently review more than 30 evidence reports that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration has compiled on human health risks for long-duration and exploration space flights. This report builds on the 2008 IOM report Review of NASA's Human Research Program Evidence Books: A Letter Report, which provided an initial and brief review of the evidence reports. This letter report reviews seven evidence reports and examines the quality of the evidence, analysis, and overall construction of each report; identifies existing gaps in report content; and provides suggestions for additional sources of expert input. The report analyzes each evidence report's overall quality, which included readability; internal consistency; the source and breadth of cited evidence; identification of existing knowledge and research gaps; authorship expertise; and, if applicable, response to recommendations from the 2008 IOM letter report.

Download or read book Engineering Design Study of a Space Suit with an Integrated Environmental Control System written by Douglas C. Howard and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Human Computer Interaction INTERACT 2015 written by Julio Abascal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-31 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The four-volume set LNCS 9296-9299 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th IFIP TC13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, INTERACT 2015, held in Bamberg, Germany, in September 2015. The 74 full and short papers and 4 organizational overviews, 2 panels, 6 tutorials, and 11 workshops included in the fourth volume are organized in topical sections on tangible and tactile interaction; tools for design; touch and haptic; user and task modelling; visualization; visualization 3D; visualization in virtual spaces; wearable computing; demonstrations; and interactive posters.

Download or read book The Second Skin Approach written by Kristen Ann Bethke and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) However, the nylon lines of non-extension prototype shows promise as an advanced locomotion spacesuit design concept. During pressurization to leg surface pressure of 7.5 kPa (56 mmHg, 1.1 psi), the prototype preserves easy mobility to 90 degrees of knee joint flexion. Recommendations are made for improving its pressure production performance to the desired 30 kPa (222 mmHg, 4.3 psi) level.

Download or read book Human Body written by Karen L. LaBat and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-02-18 with total page 867 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Body: A Wearable Product Designer's Guide, unlike other anatomy books, is divided into sections pertinent to wearable product designers. Two introductory chapters include many definitions, an introduction to anatomical terminology, and brief discussions of the body's systems, setting the stage for the remaining chapters. The book is extensively referenced and has a large glossary with both anatomical and design terms making it maximally useful for interdisciplinary collaborative work. The book includes 200 original illustrations and many product examples to demonstrate relationships between wearable product components and anatomy. Exercises introduce useful anatomical, physiological, and biomechanical concepts and include design challenges. Features Includes body region chapters on head and neck, upper torso and arms, lower torso and legs, the mid-torso, hands, feet, and a chapter on the body as a whole Contains short sections on growth and development, pregnancy, and aging as well as sections on posture, gait, and designing total body garments Describes important regional muscles and their actions as well as joint range of motion (ROM) definitions and data with applications to designing motion into wearable products Presents appendices correlating to each body region’s anatomy with instructions for landmarking and measuring the body, a valuable resource for a lifetime of designing

Download or read book Safety Design for Space Systems written by Gary Eugene Musgrave and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2009-03-27 with total page 988 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in space safety lies in the acceptance of safety design and engineering as an integral part of the design and implementation process for new space systems. Safety must be seen as the principle design driver of utmost importance from the outset of the design process, which is only achieved through a culture change that moves all stakeholders toward front-end loaded safety concepts. This approach entails a common understanding and mastering of basic principles of safety design for space systems at all levels of the program organisation. Fully supported by the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety (IAASS), written by the leading figures in the industry, with frontline experience from projects ranging from the Apollo missions, Skylab, the Space Shuttle and the International Space Station, this book provides a comprehensive reference for aerospace engineers in industry. It addresses each of the key elements that impact on space systems safety, including: the space environment (natural and induced); human physiology in space; human rating factors; emergency capabilities; launch propellants and oxidizer systems; life support systems; battery and fuel cell safety; nuclear power generators (NPG) safety; habitat activities; fire protection; safety-critical software development; collision avoidance systems design; operations and on-orbit maintenance. The only comprehensive space systems safety reference, its must-have status within space agencies and suppliers, technical and aerospace libraries is practically guaranteed Written by the leading figures in the industry from NASA, ESA, JAXA, (et cetera), with frontline experience from projects ranging from the Apollo missions, Skylab, the Space Shuttle, small and large satellite systems, and the International Space Station Superb quality information for engineers, programme managers, suppliers and aerospace technologists; fully supported by the IAASS (International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety)

Download or read book Analysis of Nonuniform Suit Temperatures for Space Suits in Orbit written by Kenneth R. Cramer and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A cylindrical model of a space suit exposed to solar and metabolic heating is examined to determine the design criteria for minimizing equilibrium temperature differences. Resulting suit shell thicknesses are compared with those of a previous analysis that utilized the material thermal capacity and surface spectral properties to establish passive nonequilibrium temperature control. Results demonstrate that light-metal suits will develop small equilibrium temperature differences and be very heavy. Fabric suits of similar design will be even heavier. A water-filled suit shell is recommended as an attractive design approach if required circulation rates are practical. This is the second phase of an investigation to delineate the design parameters for controlling thermal environment in a space suit located in an orbit around the earth.

Download or read book Advanced Technology for Human Support in Space written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-08-02 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Technology for Human Support in Space was written in response to a request from NASA's Office of Life and Microgravity Sciences and Applications (OLMSA) to evaluate its Advanced Human Support Technology Program. This report reviews the four major areas of the program: advanced life support (ALS), environmental monitoring and control (EMC), extravehicular activities (EVA), and space human factors (SHF). The focus of this program is on long-term technology development applicable to future human long-duration space missions, such as for a hypothetical new mission to the Moon or Mars.