Download or read book Low level Measurements Of Radioactivity In The Environment Techniques And Applications Proceedings Of The Third International Summer School written by M Garcia-leon and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1994-07-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the lectures, seminars and abstracts of short communications delivered at the above summer school. The talks are an updated account of the methods used in the detection of radioactivity in nature and in the study of its spread in the environment.
Download or read book Measurement of Low level Radioactivity written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recent Accomplishments in Low level Radioactive Waste Measurement at Los Alamos written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) the only laboratory that has difficulty measuring low concentrations of alpha radioactivity in wastewater, or do the rest of the nation's laboratories just not realize the lack of precision/accuracy in its own measurements? DOE Order 5400.5 sets 30 pCi/L total alpha as a goal for effluent discharge. The State of Colorado requires 0.05 pCi/L. The EPA is considering standards in this range for drinking water and therefore, presumably in treated wastewater effluent. How reasonable are these limits with respect to ease and precision/accuracy of routine measurements and real risk to human health and environmental protection? After reviewing the constraints of various analytical methods, the paper describes a method using 236Pu and 243Am as traces to determine low levels of alpha in water samples.
Download or read book Measurement of Weak Radioactivity written by P ll Theod¢rsson and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended for scientists engaged in the measurement of weak alpha, beta, and gamma active samples; in health physics, environmental control, nuclear geophysics, tracer work, radiocarbon dating etc. It describes the underlying principles of radiation measurement and the detectors used. It also covers the sources of background, analyzes their effect on the detector and discusses economic ways to reduce the background. The most important types of low-level counting systems and the measurement of some of the more important radioisotopes are described here. In cases where more than one type can be used, the selection of the most suitable system is shown.
Download or read book Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade significant progress has been achieved in the development of waste characterization and control procedures and equipment as a direct response to ever-increasing requirements for quality and reliability of information on waste characteristics. Failure in control procedures at any step can have important, adverse consequences and may result in producing waste packages which are not compliant with the waste acceptance criteria for disposal, thereby adversely impacting the repository. The information and guidance included in this publication corresponds to recent achievements and reflects the optimum approaches, thereby reducing the potential for error and enhancing the quality of the end product. -- Publisher's description.
Download or read book Measurement of Low level Radioactivity written by International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Low level Measurements and Their Applications to Environmental Radioactivity written by Manuel García-León and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radioactivity written by International Commission on Radiological Units and Measurements and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Low level Radioactive Waste written by Edward L. Gershey and published by Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. This book was released on 1990 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TECHNICAL
Download or read book Low Level Environmental Radioactivity written by Richard Tykva and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-04-13 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Introduction Low-level radioactivity is related to those radioactive sources of ionizing radiation that are characterized by low activities. Sometimes activity here does not represent total amount of radionuclides but rather their concentration. In other cases, the total activity may be quite high, but we can measure only a relatively small portion of the material. "Low" may have, for different situations and circumstances, not only considerably different meanings but also different absolute values as far as the activity or activity concentration is concerned. For example, one can refer to low activity in the case of radiocarbon dating, where the concentration of 14C is actually lower than its natural concentration, and also in the case of radon monitoring where, especially in mines or in some enclosed spaces, its concentration may be several thousand times higher than the outdoor "atural" concentrations. Emphasis is now being placed on the analysis of naturally occurring radionuclides in the environment or on the release of radionuclides from their different man-made sources because liquid and aerial discharge level controls have become more rigorous. In addition, the applicability of low-level methodology increases the extent of different radionuclide applications considerably. Since individual radionuclides differ in their decay scheme and particles emitted as well in their energies, there is no universal method for the accurate measurement of all radioactive sources. Moreover, there is usually a mixture of radionuclides in a sample, causing some difficulties in a selective evaluation of a given radionuclide. Due to the random nature of radioactive disintegrations, the appropriate interpretation of the experimental results would be, in most cases, impossible without elaborate statistical treatment and evaluation of the data obtained. Thanks to the availability of computer-based instrumentation, the measuring data can be, in most cases, processed and evaluated on-line, which makes it possible to control and optimize the experiment in order to extract the maximum amount of information carried by the detector response. The purpose of this book is to provide an introduction to low-level radioactivity assessment and to clarify the nature of its sources, as well as the principal methods used in its measurement. Our evaluation is concentrated on the present-day aspects of low-level methodology. The book may be useful for all who need highly sensitive analysis of natural or artificial radioactivity both within and outside the nuclear field. The attempt of this book is to summarize the sources of environmental radioactivity and their possible radiological impact in terms of resulting doses to the population, and to present a sound review of the measuring methods and techniques for the evaluation of low-level radioactivities encountered in both the environment and in a number of applications where radioactive sources are used as a means of obtaining important information.
Download or read book Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis written by Michael F. L'Annunziata and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis is written by experts in the measurement of radioactivity. The book describes the broad scope of analytical methods available and instructs the reader on how to select the proper technique. It is intended as a practical manual for research which requires the accurate measurement of radioactivity at all levels, from the low levels encountered in the environment to the high levels measured in radioisotope research. This book contains sample preparation procedures, recommendations on steps to follow, necessary calculations, computer controlled analysis, and high sample throughput techniques. Each chapter includes practical techniques for application to nuclear safety, nuclear safeguards, environmental analysis, weapons disarmament, and assays required for research in biomedicine and agriculture. The fundamentals of radioactivity properties, radionuclide decay, and methods of detection are included to provide the basis for a thorough understanding of the analytical procedures described in the book. Therefore, the Handbook can also be used as a teaching text. - Includes sample preparation techniques for matrices such as soil, air, plant, water, animal tissue, and surface swipes - Provides procedures and guidelines for the analysis of commonly encountered na
Download or read book Measurement of Low level Radioactivity Repr written by International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Science and Technology written by M. Hulot and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1995-11 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considers the technical characteristics related to the measurements of very low radioactivities necessary to monitor decommissioned nuclear power plants in order to reuse buildings or lands, after decontamination and partial or complete dismantling; recover very low level radioactive materials for reusing or recycling; and release materials in ordinary landfill. Includes extensive discussions of both French and German experiences. Charts and tables.
Download or read book An Evaluation of Radiation Exposure Guidance for Military Operations written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-10-28 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optimization of Measurement Techniques for Very Low level Radioactive Waste Material written by R. Hoffmann and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radioactivity written by International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1990-02-01 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reevaluates the health risks of ionizing radiation in light of data that have become available since the 1980 report on this subject was published. The data include new, much more reliable dose estimates for the A-bomb survivors, the results of an additional 14 years of follow-up of the survivors for cancer mortality, recent results of follow-up studies of persons irradiated for medical purposes, and results of relevant experiments with laboratory animals and cultured cells. It analyzes the data in terms of risk estimates for specific organs in relation to dose and time after exposure, and compares radiation effects between Japanese and Western populations.
