Download or read book Measurement and Modelling of Herbicide Resistance Evolution in Lolium Rigidum at Low Rates of Herbicide Application written by Sudheesh Manalil Velayudhan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Truncated abstract] Herbicides help the world to meet its ever-increasing demand for food, fibre and fuel. However, the intensive use of herbicides has led to the evolution of herbicide resistant weeds. Of these resistant weeds, some represent long-term problems in many agro-climatic regions across the world. Lolium rigidum Gaud. (annual ryegrass) is an example of such a major herbicide resistant weed. The cross-pollinating L. rigidum possess many biological and genetic attributes that ensure its success as an ever evolving resistant weed. Besides, there can be operational factors that decide the pace of resistance evolution of which herbicide use rate is a major determinant. Herbicides at the recommended rates ensure high weed mortality. Whenever the same herbicide is used intensively, resistant weed populations evolve often due to the selection of major gene herbicide resistance traits. However, recent laboratory studies indicate the potential of low herbicide rates to result in rapid herbicide resistance evolution in L. rigidum due to the selection of minor gene resistance traits. Until now a crop-field study on whether the reduced herbicide rates that prevail on farms can lead to resistance evolution in L. rigidum, has been lacking. Therefore, this study examined the impact of low rates of diclofop-methyl (ACCase herbicide) on the evolution of herbicide resistance in a herbicide-susceptible L. rigidum population grown either in a field wheat crop or in potted plants maintained in the field. The results established the rapid evolution of diclofop-methyl resistance in both the crop-field and field pot studies in the selected L. rigidum lines. In addition, there was resistance evolution in the selected lines to other herbicides to which the population had never been exposed. For the first time, we demonstrated the potential of a low rates of diclofop-methyl to result in the evolution of diclofop-resistance and cross-resistance in L. rigidum under crop-field conditions. If low rates can result in rapid herbicide resistance by selecting minor herbicide resistance traits in L. rigidum (previous study), is it possible to shift a population towards high level of herbicide susceptibility by excluding minor gene resistance traits? Indeed, such a study will impart better understanding of the low rate herbicide selected resistance traits in the L. rigidum population and hence reconfirms the presence of minor gene resistance traits in L. rigidum population. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to enhance the herbicide susceptibility of an already herbicide susceptible L. rigidum population. This was practically feasible by plant cloning, and spraying one set of cloned L. rigidum plants with low rates of diclofop-methyl. The untreated clone of an individual observed to be highly herbicide-susceptible was selected and bulk-crossed to obtain the susceptible selected seed progeny. Two cycles of selection with low rates of diclofop-methyl resulted in 50% greater diclofop-methyl susceptibility (R:S LD50=0.5) of the twice-selected L. rigidum line. The results of this study are discussed from the perspective of herbicide resistance evolution and its management...
Download or read book Herbicide Resistance and World Grains written by Stephen B. Powles and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-03-13 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by experts from across the globe, Herbicide Resistance and World Grains evaluates the weed and herbicide management systems in major world grain crops such as soybean, maize, rice, and canola. The book examines the impact of transgenic crops and new technology on resistance management. It provides background information and offers practical
Download or read book Weed and Crop Resistance to Herbicides written by R. De Prado and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades, repeated use of herbicides in the same field has imposed selection for resistance in species that were formerly susceptible. On the other hand, considerable research in the private and public sectors has been directed towards introducing herbicide tolerance into susceptible crop species. The evolution of herbicide resistance, understanding its mechanisms, characterisation of resistant weed biotypes, development of herbicide-tolerant crops and management of resistant weeds are described throughout the 36 chapters of this book. It has been written by leading researchers based on the contributions made at the International Symposium on Weed and Crop Resistance to Herbicides held at Córdoba, Spain. This book will be a good reference source for research scientists and advanced students.
Download or read book Herbicide Resistance in Plants written by Stephen B. Powles and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-02-01 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The late 1980s saw an explosion in the amount and diversity of herbicide resistance, posing a threat to crop production in many countries. The rapid escalation in herbicide resistance worldwide and in the understanding of resistance at the population, biochemical, and molecular level is the focus of this timely book. Leading researchers from North America, Australia, and Western Europe present lucid reviews that consider the population dynamics and genetics, biochemistry, and agro-ecology of resistance. Resistance to various herbicides is discussed in detail, as well as the mechanisms responsible for cross resistance and multiple resistance. This reference is invaluable to those interested in evolution and the ability of species to overcome severe environmental stress.
Download or read book Multiple Herbicide Resistant Weeds and Non target Site Resistance Mechanisms A Global Challenge for Food Production written by Joel Torra and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-12-20 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evolution of Herbicide Resistance in Lolium Perenne Ssp Multiflorum Populations written by Elizabeth Karn and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herbicide-resistant weeds provide a unique system in which to study the evolution of adaptive traits. The selection pressures, adaptive traits, and often the underlying basis for herbicide resistance are typically known, allowing for studies of adaptive variation across large agricultural landscapes that vary in selection pressures and intensities over space and time. In the last several years, populations of Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) in orchards and vineyards of northwest California were suspected of evolving resistance to the herbicides glyphosate and glufosinate. Earlier work identified that a non-synonymous mutation in 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene is responsible for glyphosate resistance in the Central Valley of California. The research presented in this dissertation characterizes phenotypes resistant to glyphosate and glufosinate and examines the evolution of glyphosate resistance in northwest California populations of L. perenne ssp. multiflorum using neutral genetic diversity and adaptive genetic variation, to gain a greater understanding of contemporary adaptive evolution across landscapes. In Chapter 1, I measure the frequency of glyphosate-resistant and glufosinate-resistant individuals in 14 populations of L. perenne across three screening times and measure the population-average level of resistance in selected populations. The analysis demonstrates that while both glyphosate- and glufosinate-resistant individuals are present in northwest California with distinct mechanisms conferring resistance to each herbicide, these resistance phenotypes are variable over time, especially for glufosinate. In Chapter 2, using microsatellite genetic variation at 12 loci in the sampled individuals, I show that California L. perenne contains high genetic diversity and admixture across populations, with a potential for spread of glyphosate resistance through gene flow. In Chapter 3, I genotype adaptive genetic variation in the sampled individuals and identified four distinct glyphosate-resistant EPSPS alleles at codon site 106, indicating multiple evolutionary origins of glyphosate resistance in the region, although resistance in some populations cannot be explained by EPSPS mutations at site 106. Together, these results demonstrate that the evolution of adaptive traits across a landscape can be quite complex, with variable phenotypes conferred by multiple independent evolutionary origins of the same adaptive trait with subsequent spread through gene flow.
Download or read book Herbicide Resistant Crops written by Stephen O. Duke and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by a recognized leader in the field, Herbicide-Resistant Crops is the first book to cover all of the issues related to the controversial topic of herbicide-resistant crops. It provides extensive discussions of the modern biotechnological methods that have been used to develop such crops, and reviews the implications - both positive and negative - of developing crops that are resistant to herbicides. The creation and anticipated applications of specific herbicide-resistant crops are also discussed. In addition, the book covers the potential impact of herbicide-resistant crops on weed management practices and the environment, and presents issues related to the regulation and economics of these crops. The editor has brought together a diverse group of professionals, representing the several distinct areas impacted by the new technology of herbicide-resistant crops. The wide range of viewpoints presented in this book creates a balanced and complete survey, providing a notable contribution to the literature.
Download or read book Herbicide Resistance in Weeds and Crops written by J. C. Caseley and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herbicide Resistance in Weeds and Crops is a collection of papers presented at the 11th Long Ashton International Symposium in September 1989. The said symposium is held to study about the increasing incidence of herbicide-resistant weeds and the consideration of the production of herbicide-resistant crops. The book includes studies that suggest the delay and prevention of herbicide resistance; the gravity of the infestation of different herbicide-resistant weed; the management of herbicide resistance; and the mechanisms of herbicide tolerance. Also covered in the book are the improvement of different herbicides, as well as the prospective development of genetically engineered herbicide-resistant plants. Botanists, biochemists, and farmers would greatly benefit from the text, especially those who would like to explore and study the phenomenon.
Download or read book Herbicide Resistance in Weeds written by Bolette Palle Pedersen and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Weed Biology and Management written by Inderjit and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Weeds hold an enigmatic and sometimes-controversial place in agriculture, where they are generally reviled, grudgingly tolerated, and occasionally admired. In most cases, growers make considerable effort to reduce the negative economic impact of weeds because they compete with crops for resources and hinder field operations, thereby affecting crop productivity and quality, and ultimately the sustainability of agriculture. Weed control in production agriculture is commonly achieved through the integration of chemical, biological, and mechanical management methods. Chemicals (herbicides) usually inhibit the growth and establishment of weed plants by interfering with various physiological and biochemical pathways. Biological methods include crop competition, smother crops, rotation crops, and allelopathy, as well as specific insect predators and plant pathogens. Mechanical methods encompass an array of tools from short handled hoes to sophisticated video-guided robotic machines. Integrating these technologies, in order to relieve the negative impacts of weeds on crop production in a way that allows growers to optimize profits and preserve human health and the environment, is the science of weed management.
Download or read book Effectiveness of Prosulfocarb based Treatments for the Control of Sensitive and Herbicide Resistant Lolium Spp Populations written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanisms of Herbicide Resistance in Lolium Rigidum written by Michael Burnet and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atlas of Weed Mapping written by Hansjoerg Kraehmer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-17 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Weeds are variously defined as plants growing where they are not wanted, plants that interfere with human activity. Weeds affect everyone in the world by reducing crop yield and quality, delaying or interfering with harvesting, interfering with animal feeding, reducing animal health, preventing water flow, as plant parasites, etc. It is estimated that those problems cause $ billions worth of crop losses annually and the global cost of controlling weeds also runs into many $ billions every year. Atlas of Weed Mapping presents an introductory overview on the occurrence of the most common weeds of the world. The book notably includes: Description of cropping practices and explanations for the global distribution of weeds Invasive plant mapping Aquatics and wetland plants with histological plant details Theoretical and practical aspects of weed mapping Aspects on the documentation of herbicide resistance Biodiversity, rare weeds and the dominance of the most common weeds Fully illustrated with more than 800 coloured figures and a number of tables, this new characterisation of anthropogenic vegetation will be interesting for readers of a great number of disciplines such as agriculture, botany, ecology, geobotany and plant community research. More than a hundred experts have contributed data to this unique compilation.
Download or read book The Biology and Control of Herbicide Resistant Lolium Rigidum written by Robert Mayfield Davidson and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecological Management of Agricultural Weeds written by Matt Liebman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-07-19 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents principles and practices for ecologically based weed management in a wide range of temperate and tropical farming systems. Special attention is given to the evolutionary challenges that weeds pose and the roles that farmers can play in the development of new weed-management strategies.
Download or read book Dynamics of Weed Populations written by Roger Cousens and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-11-24 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Puts the broad empirical knowledge on weed ecology into a theoretical framework.
Download or read book The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-11-02 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although chemical pesticides safeguard crops and improve farm productivity, they are increasingly feared for their potentially dangerous residues and their effects on ecosystems. The Future Role of Pesticides explores the role of chemical pesticides in the decade ahead and identifies the most promising opportunities for increasing the benefits and reducing the risks of pesticide use. The committee recommends R&D, program, and policy initiatives for federal agriculture authorities and other stakeholders in the public and private sectors. This book presents clear overviews of key factors in chemical pesticide use, including: Advances in genetic engineering not only of pest-resistant crops but also of pests themselves. Problems in pesticide useâ€"concerns about the health of agricultural workers, the ability of pests to develop resistance, issues of public perception, and more. Impending shifts in agricultureâ€"globalization of the economy, biological "invasions" of organisms, rising sensitivity toward cross-border environmental issues, and other trends. With a model and working examples, this book offers guidance on how to assess various pest control strategies available to today's agriculturist.
