Download or read book Matter Wave Interferometry With Laser Cooled Atoms written by David McIntyre and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have developed a cold atomic beam source to be used as the input beam for a three-grating atom interferometer. Using laser cooling and trapping techniques, we have slowed and cooled a thermal atomic beam, trapped the slow atoms, and redirected them into a cold beam with an adjustable velocity. The cold atomic beam has a temperature of approximately 500 muK and has a controllable velocity from 2-20 in/s. The gratings for the interferometer have been microfabricated in silicon nitride and have a grating spacing of 250 nm.
Download or read book Coherent Atomic Manipulation and Cooling written by Alexander J. Dunning and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-18 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work unites the concepts of laser cooling and matter-wave interferometry to develop an interferometric laser cooling technique in an experimental system of cold rubidium atoms. Serving as an introduction to graduate level coherent optical atomic manipulation, the thesis describes the theory of stimulated Raman transitions and atom interferometry, along with the experimental methods for preparing and manipulating cold atoms, before building on these foundations to explore tailored optical pulse sequences and novel atomic cooling techniques. Interferometric cooling, originally proposed by Weitz and Hänsch in 2000, is based upon the coherent broadband laser pulses of Ramsey interferometry and in principle allows laser cooling of atomic and molecular species outside the scope of traditional Doppler laser cooling. On the path toward cooling, composite pulses – quantum error correction methods, developed by chemists to mitigate the effects of in homogeneities in NMR spectroscopy – are investigated with a view to improving the performance of atom interferometers.
Download or read book Atom Interferometry written by Paul R. Berman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1997-01-08 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of atom interferometry has expanded rapidly in recent years, and todays research laboratories are using atom interferometers both as inertial sensors and for precision measurements. Many researchers also use atom interferometry as a means of researching fundamental questions in quantum mechanics. Atom Interferometry contains contributions from theoretical and experimental physicists at the forefront of this rapidly developing field. Editor Paul R. Berman includes an excellent balance of background material and recent experimental results,providing a general overview of atom interferometry and demonstrating the promise that it holds for the future. Includes contributions from many of the research groups that have pioneered this emerging field Discusses and demonstrates new aspects of the wave nature of atoms Explains the many important applications of atom interferometry, from a measurement of the gravitational constant to atom lithography Examines applications of atom interferometry to fundamentally important quantum mechanics problems
Download or read book Low velocity Matter Wave Source for Atom Interferometry Produced by Zeeman tuned Laser Cooling and Magneto optic Trapping written by Shannon K. Mayer and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Laser Manipulation of Atoms and Ions written by Ennio Arimondo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1993-04-08 with total page 811 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent fascinating progress on laser cooling is the result of the close connection between theoretical work and the rapid technological advances in laser sources, particularly in the field of powerful semiconductor and solid-state lasers operating over a wide range of optical and near-infrared frequencies. The very close international and personal collaboration amongst the researchers resulting in a direct link between experimental data and theoretical calculations which characterize work in this field, have been important factors in the rapid comprehension of the subtle and beautiful phenomena involved in laser manipulation. This Enrico Fermi school is the first formal school fully devoted to this topic. The theoretical part of the book includes contributions on the framework for the study of the photon momentum exchanges in the absence of relaxation, recent mechanisms of laser cooling, an analysis of the cooling forces, analysis of atomic and molecular beams, cooling through coherent population trapping and the relation between laser cooling and quantum nondemolition measurements. The experimental section deals with topics such as, an analysis of atomic and molecular beams, methods and applications of laser cooling, advances in laser cooling and the new exciting field of atomic interferometry. All students and researchers working in this field will welcome this excellent review of research and progress in laser cooling, so strongly linked to the fundamental understanding of physics.
Download or read book Neutral Atom DeBroglie Wave Interferometry written by John F. Clauser and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The optimal species for experiments was earlier chosen as potassium, but this choice was reexamined in light of our current status and experience. Our conclusion is that potassium still appears to be our best choice, although lithium may become preferable as laser technology evolves. Potassium's most significant difficulty is in producing cooled diode lasers, but the remaining trade-offs appear to warrant solving this problem. Lithium offers very wide diffraction angles for available grating periods at a lower limit velocity of Sm/sec (to prevent significant gravitational free-fall). Thus its use would allow simple grating fabrication techniques employing optical lithography for either separated - beam or Talbot fringe interferometers.
Download or read book Hot Beats and Tune Outs written by Kayleigh Cassella and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ushered forth by advances in time and frequency metrology, atom interferometry remains an indispensable measurement tool in atomic physics due to its precision and versatility. A sequence of four $\pi/2$ beam splitter pulses can create either an interferometer sensitive to the atom's recoil frequency when the momentum imparted by the light reverses direction between pulse pairs or, when constructed from pulses without such reversal, sensitive to the perturbing potential from an external optical field. Here, we demonstrate the first atom interferometer with laser-cooled lithium, advantageous for its low mass and simple atomic structure. We study both a recoil-sensitive Ramsey-Bord\'e interferometer and interferometry sensitive to the dynamic polarizability of the ground state of lithium. Recoil-sensitive Ramsey-Bord\'e interferometry benefits from lithium's high recoil frequency, a consequence of its low mass. At an interrogation time of 10 ms, a Ramsey-Bord\'e lithium interferometer could achieve sensitivities comparable to those realized at much longer times with heavier alkali atoms. However, in contrast with other atoms that are used for atom interferometry, lithium's unresolved excited-state hyperfine structure precludes the the cycling transition necessary for efficient cooling. Without sub-Doppler cooling techniques. As as result, a lithium atomic gas is typically laser cooled to temperatures around 300 $\mu$K, above the Doppler limit, and well above the recoil temperature of 6 $\mu$K. This higher temperature gas expands rapidly during the operation of an atom interferometer, limiting the experimental interrogation time and preventing spatially resolved detection. In this work, a light-pulse lithium matter-wave interferometer is demonstrated in spite of these limitation. Two-photon Raman interferometer pulses coherently couple the atom's spin and momentum and are thus able to spectrally resolve the outputs. These fast pulses drive conjugate interferometers simultaneously which beat with a fast frequency component proportional to the atomic recoil frequency and an envelope modulated by the two-photon detuning of the Raman transition. We detect the summed signal at short experimental times, preventing perturbation of the signal from vibration noise. This demonstration of a sub-recoil measurement with a super-recoil sample opens the door to similar scheme with other particles that are difficult to trap and cool well, like electrons. An interferometer instead composed of $\pi/2$-pulses with a single direction of momentum transfer, can be sensitive to the dynamic polarizability of the atomic ground state. By scanning the frequency of an external driving field, such a measurement can be used to determine the atom's tune-out wavelength. This is the wavelength at which the frequency-dependent polarizability vanishes due to compensating ac-Stark shifts from other atomic states. Lithium's simple atomic structure allows for a precise computation of properties with only {\em ab initio} wave functions and spectroscopic data. A direct interferometric measurement of lithium's red tune-out wavelength at 670.971626(1) nm, is a precise comparison to existing `all-order' atomic theory computations. It also provides another way to experimentally determine the $S-$ to $P-$ transitions matrix elements, for which large correlations and small values complicate computations. Finally, a future measurement of lithium's ultraviolet tune-out wavelength of at 324.192(2) nm would be sensitive to relativistic approximations in the atomic structure description. Atom interferometry simultaneously verifies existing atomic theory with measurements of atomic properties and searches for exotic physics lurking in plain sight. The techniques developed here broaden the applicability of interferometry and increase measurement sensitivity by simplifying cooling, increasing atom number and reducing the cycle time. Overcoming the current experimental limitations on interrogation time would allow for ultra-precise measurements of both the tune-out wavelength and the fine structure constant.
Download or read book Laser Cooling and Trapping written by Harold J. Metcalf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduates with some basic knowledge of optics and quantum mechanics, this text begins with a review of the relevant results of quantum mechanics, before turning to the electromagnetic interactions involved in slowing and trapping atoms and ions, in both magnetic and optical traps. The concluding chapters discuss a broad range of applications, from atomic clocks and studies of collision processes, to diffraction and interference of atomic beams at optical lattices and Bose-Einstein condensation.
Download or read book Ultracold Bosonic and Fermionic Gases written by Kathy Levin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-11-15 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapidly developing topic of ultracold atoms has many actual and potential applications for condensed-matter science, and the contributions to this book emphasize these connections. Ultracold Bose and Fermi quantum gases are introduced at a level appropriate for first-year graduate students and non-specialists such as more mature general physicists. The reader will find answers to questions like: how are experiments conducted and how are the results interpreted? What are the advantages and limitations of ultracold atoms in studying many-body physics? How do experiments on ultracold atoms facilitate novel scientific opportunities relevant to the condensed-matted community? This volume seeks to be comprehensible rather than comprehensive; it aims at the level of a colloquium, accessible to outside readers, containing only minimal equations and limited references. In large part, it relies on many beautiful experiments from the past fifteen years and their very fruitful interplay with basic theoretical ideas. In this particular context, phenomena most relevant to condensed-matter science have been emphasized. Introduces ultracold Bose and Fermi quantum gases at a level appropriate for non-specialists Discusses landmark experiments and their fruitful interplay with basic theoretical ideas Comprehensible rather than comprehensive, containing only minimal equations
Download or read book Principles of Laser Spectroscopy and Quantum Optics written by Paul R. Berman and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Laser Spectroscopy and Quantum Optics is an essential textbook for graduate students studying the interaction of optical fields with atoms. It also serves as an ideal reference text for researchers working in the fields of laser spectroscopy and quantum optics. The book provides a rigorous introduction to the prototypical problems of radiation fields interacting with two- and three-level atomic systems. It examines the interaction of radiation with both atomic vapors and condensed matter systems, the density matrix and the Bloch vector, and applications involving linear absorption and saturation spectroscopy. Other topics include hole burning, dark states, slow light, and coherent transient spectroscopy, as well as atom optics and atom interferometry. In the second half of the text, the authors consider applications in which the radiation field is quantized. Topics include spontaneous decay, optical pumping, sub-Doppler laser cooling, the Heisenberg equations of motion for atomic and field operators, and light scattering by atoms in both weak and strong external fields. The concluding chapter offers methods for creating entangled and spin-squeezed states of matter. Instructors can create a one-semester course based on this book by combining the introductory chapters with a selection of the more advanced material. A solutions manual is available to teachers. Rigorous introduction to the interaction of optical fields with atoms Applications include linear and nonlinear spectroscopy, dark states, and slow light Extensive chapter on atom optics and atom interferometry Conclusion explores entangled and spin-squeezed states of matter Solutions manual (available only to teachers)
Download or read book Macroscopic Matter Wave Interferometry written by Stefan Nimmrichter and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-10 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Matter‐wave interferometry is a promising and successful way to explore truly macroscopic quantum phenomena and probe the validity of quantum theory at the borderline to the classic world. Indeed, we may soon witness quantum superpositions with nano to micrometer-sized objects. Yet, venturing deeper into the macroscopic domain is not only an experimental but also a theoretical endeavour: new interferometers must be conceived, sources of noise and decoherence identified, size effects understood and possible modifications of the theory taken into account. This thesis provides the theoretical background to recent advances in molecule and nanoparticle interferometry. In addition, it contains a physical and objective method to assess the degree of macroscopicity of such experiments, ranking them among other macroscopic quantum superposition phenomena.
Download or read book Applications of Atom Interferometry Using an Improved Laser Cooling Method written by Kengyeow Chung and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Controlling the Quantum World written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-06-21 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of the Physics 2010 decadal survey project, the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation requested that the National Research Council assess the opportunities, over roughly the next decade, in atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) science and technology. In particular, the National Research Council was asked to cover the state of AMO science, emphasizing recent accomplishments and identifying new and compelling scientific questions. Controlling the Quantum World, discusses both the roles and challenges for AMO science in instrumentation; scientific research near absolute zero; development of extremely intense x-ray and laser sources; exploration and control of molecular processes; photonics at the nanoscale level; and development of quantum information technology. This book also offers an assessment of and recommendations about critical issues concerning maintaining U.S. leadership in AMO science and technology.
Download or read book Quantum Optics VI written by Dan F. Walls and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum Optics VI documents the most recent theoretical and experimental developments in this field, with particular emphasis on atomic optics and interferometry, which is a new and rapidly developing area of research. New methods for quantum-noise reduction are also covered.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Quantum Optics III written by Fritz Ehlotzky and published by Springer. This book was released on 1993-09-29 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes the full text of the invited lectures and abstracts of the contributed papers from the Seminar on Fundamentals of Quantum Optics.
Download or read book Metrology and Fundamental Constants written by Theo W. Hänsch and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the exciting characteristics of metrology is its intimate relationship between fundamental physics and the leading edge of technology which is needed to perform advanced and challenging experiments and measurements. This title includes a set of lectures which present the relevant progress in Metrology.
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics written by Gordon W. F. Drake and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-09 with total page 1436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprises a comprehensive reference source that unifies the entire fields of atomic molecular and optical (AMO) physics, assembling the principal ideas, techniques and results of the field. 92 chapters written by about 120 authors present the principal ideas, techniques and results of the field, together with a guide to the primary research literature (carefully edited to ensure a uniform coverage and style, with extensive cross-references). Along with a summary of key ideas, techniques, and results, many chapters offer diagrams of apparatus, graphs, and tables of data. From atomic spectroscopy to applications in comets, one finds contributions from over 100 authors, all leaders in their respective disciplines. Substantially updated and expanded since the original 1996 edition, it now contains several entirely new chapters covering current areas of great research interest that barely existed in 1996, such as Bose-Einstein condensation, quantum information, and cosmological variations of the fundamental constants. A fully-searchable CD- ROM version of the contents accompanies the handbook.
