Download or read book Mathematical Theory Of Liquid Interfaces Liquid Layers Capillary Interfaces Floating Drops And Particles written by Erich Miersemann and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2020-03-16 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book lays a unique and straightforward mathematical foundation on the aspects of liquid layers, capillary interfaces, floating drops and particles. For the first time, these topics are studied in a joint framework. Readers will acquire deeper comprehension and gain results. Practical interest are presented, making it beneficial to engineers and physicists as well as mathematicians.The text takes an insight-oriented approach that gives it immediacy and flexibility. It contains 70 problems where some are exercises, while others are open problems. It is also illustrated with 95 figures and photographs for further understanding.
Download or read book Capillary Flows with Forming Interfaces written by Yulii D. Shikhmurzaev and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-09-14 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Capillary Flows with Forming Interfaces explores numerous theoretical problems that arise in the mathematical description of capillary flows. It focuses on developing a unified approach to a variety of seemingly very different capillary flows of practical importance where classical fluid mechanics leads to nonphysical results. The book begin
Download or read book Applied mechanics reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Vapor Liquid Interfaces Bubbles and Droplets written by Shigeo Fujikawa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-16 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physically correct boundary conditions on vapor-liquid interfaces are essential in order to make an analysis of flows of a liquid including bubbles or of a gas including droplets. Suitable boundary conditions do not exist at the present time. This book is concerned with the kinetic boundary condition for both the plane and curved vapor-liquid interfaces, and the fluid dynamics boundary condition for Navier-Stokes(fluid dynamics) equations. The kinetic boundary condition is formulated on the basis of molecular dynamics simulations and the fluid dynamics boundary condition is derived by a perturbation analysis of Gaussian-BGK Boltzmann equation applicable to polyatomic gases. The fluid dynamics boundary condition is applied to actual flow problems of bubbles in a liquid and droplets in a gas.
Download or read book Waves on Fluid Interfaces written by Richard E. Meyer and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematics Research Center Symposium: Waves on Fluid Interfaces covers the proceedings of a symposium conducted by the Mathematics Research Center of the University of Wisconsin-Madison on October 18-20, 1982. The book focuses on nonlinear instabilities of classical interfaces, physical structure of real interfaces, and the challenges these reactions pose to the understanding of fluids. The selection first elaborates on finite-amplitude interfacial waves, instability of finite-amplitude interfacial waves, and finite-amplitude water waves with surface tension. Discussions focus on reformulation as an integro-differential equation, perturbation solutions, results for interfacial waves with current jump, wave of zero height, weakly nonlinear waves, and numerical methods. The text then takes a look at generalized vortex methods for free-surface flows; a review of solution methods for viscous flow in the presence of deformable boundaries; and existence criteria for fluid interfaces in the absence of gravity. The book ponders on the endothelial interface between tissue and blood, moving contact line, rupture of thin liquid films, film waves, and interfacial instabilities caused by air flow over a thin liquid layer. Topics include stability analysis of liquid film, interpretation of film instabilities, simple film, linear stability theory, inadequacy of the usual hydrodynamic model, and marcomolecule transport across the artery wall. The selection is a valuable source of data for researchers interested in the reactions of waves on fluid interfaces.
Download or read book Measured Capillary Forces on Spheres at Liquid Interfaces and the Mechanics of Interfacial Particulate Assemblies written by Wei He and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particle-laden interfaces have promising potentials in many fields because the particulate nature can endow the surface with physical properties that are not readily obtained from molecular-scale surfactants. In this dissertation, we first focus on measuring capillary forces on particles at fluid interfaces in order to assess the key parameters that yield effective stabilizing particles. In experiment, the force and the displacement of a millimeter-scale particle passing through a liquid interface were recorded. We find that the peak force needed to detach a particle from an interface crowded with other particles is consistently smaller than the force at a clean interface. By ruling out other possibilities, we attribute the force reduction to the perturbation of interface shape due to the constraints imposed by free particles. Then we study the mechanics of particulate assemblies by measuring the force response under a normal indentation. We find that there exist two linear regions with different slopes. The small-slope regime starts at the beginning and persists over a range of indentations much less than capillary length. Once the system entered the higher plateau region, it has the same stiffness as a pure liquid interface. Further, from top-view images, we showed that, as long as the indenter was larger than the size of a single particle, the azimuthal compression can be relaxed through the in-plane rearrangement of particles. These features are independent of the difference in fluid mass densities, the radius of the indenter and the species of particles. Although the presence of floating particles at an interface does not change its capillary nature under a wide range of poking depth, we show that the existence of the particle raft makes the original interface tougher in terms of both the maximum force it can sustain and the largest indentation an indenter can reach. These results provide an important step toward understanding the mechanics of particulate assemblies at interfaces. Finally, we study the formation of organic 2D material in aqueous media for the purpose of potential applications in passivating objects in suspension. We optimized the conditions for the self-assembly of bola-amphiphilic molecules, and directly observed 2D sheets in optical microscope under dark-field illumination. We find that stacking is not preferred by sheets because of the likely electrostatic repulsion. Our method provides an effective way to better understand the properties of those sheets.
Download or read book The Motion of Bubbles and Drops in Reduced Gravity written by R. Shankar Subramanian and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-04-09 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2001 book provides a thorough review of the motion of bubbles and drops in reduced gravity.
Download or read book Bubble and Drop Interfaces written by Reinhard Miller and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-30 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the most important experimental methods for characterizing liquid interfaces, such as drop profile analysis, bubble pressure and drop volume tensiometry, capillary pressure technique, and oscillating drops and bubbles. It presents practical experimental details as well as the underlying theoretical bases. In addition, the book covers a number of applications based on drops and bubbles, such as rising bubbles and the complex process of flotation. It also offers a discussion on wetting, characterized by the dynamics of advancing contact angles.
Download or read book Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Catalog written by National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Waves on Fluid Interfaces written by Richard E. Meyer and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Flowing Matter written by Federico Toschi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book, published in the Soft and Biological Matter series, presents an introduction to selected research topics in the broad field of flowing matter, including the dynamics of fluids with a complex internal structure -from nematic fluids to soft glasses- as well as active matter and turbulent phenomena. Flowing matter is a subject at the crossroads between physics, mathematics, chemistry, engineering, biology and earth sciences, and relies on a multidisciplinary approach to describe the emergence of the macroscopic behaviours in a system from the coordinated dynamics of its microscopic constituents. Depending on the microscopic interactions, an assembly of molecules or of mesoscopic particles can flow like a simple Newtonian fluid, deform elastically like a solid or behave in a complex manner. When the internal constituents are active, as for biological entities, one generally observes complex large-scale collective motions. Phenomenology is further complicated by the invariable tendency of fluids to display chaos at the large scales or when stirred strongly enough. This volume presents several research topics that address these phenomena encompassing the traditional micro-, meso-, and macro-scales descriptions, and contributes to our understanding of the fundamentals of flowing matter. This book is the legacy of the COST Action MP1305 “Flowing Matter”.
Download or read book Computational Methods for Multiphase Flow written by Andrea Prosperetti and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-25 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thanks to high-speed computers and advanced algorithms, the important field of modelling multiphase flows is an area of rapid growth. This one-stop account – now in paperback, with corrections from the first printing – is the ideal way to get to grips with this topic, which has significant applications in industry and nature. Each chapter is written by an acknowledged expert and includes extensive references to current research. All of the chapters are essentially independent and so the book can be used for a range of advanced courses and the self-study of specific topics. No other book covers so many topics related to multiphase flow, and it will therefore be warmly welcomed by researchers and graduate students of the subject across engineering, physics, and applied mathematics.
Download or read book Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces written by Hans-Jürgen Butt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-02-07 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces Comprehensive textbook on the interdisciplinary field of interface science, fully updated with new content on wetting, spectroscopy, and coatings Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of surface and interface science, focusing on essential concepts rather than specific details, and on intuitive understanding rather than convoluted math. Numerous high-end applications from surface technology, biotechnology, and microelectronics are included to illustrate and help readers easily comprehend basic concepts. The new edition contains an increased number of problems with detailed, worked solutions, making it ideal as a self-study resource. In topic coverage, the highly qualified authors take a balanced approach, discussing advanced interface phenomena in detail while remaining comprehensible. Chapter summaries with the most important equations, facts, and phenomena are included to aid the reader in information retention. A few of the sample topics included in Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces are as follows: Liquid surfaces, covering microscopic picture of a liquid surface, surface tension, the equation of Young and Laplace, and curved liquid surfaces Thermodynamics of interfaces, covering surface excess, internal energy and Helmholtz energy, equilibrium conditions, and interfacial excess energies Charged interfaces and the electric double layer, covering planar surfaces, the Grahame equation, and limitations of the Poisson-Boltzmann theory Surface forces, covering Van der Waals forces between molecules, macroscopic calculations, the Derjaguin approximation, and disjoining pressure Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces is a complete reference on the subject, aimed at advanced students (and their instructors) in physics, material science, chemistry, and engineering. Researchers requiring background knowledge on surface and interface science will also benefit from the accessible yet in-depth coverage of the text.
Download or read book Particles Confined by Fluid Interfaces written by Paul Y. Kim and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small solid particles, confined in two-dimensions by fluid interfaces, were studied by a variety of experimental methods to understand particle motion, menisci shapes near interface-supported particles, and capillary interactions among such particles. Unwanted evaporation was circumvented by adopting non-volatile ionic liquids to create the fluid interfaces. A related application, employment of ionic liquids to float cryo-microtomed polymer sections, was also developed. The Brownian motions of nanospheres and nanorods in free-standing ionic liquid films were visualized in situ by high resolution scanning electron microscopy, which images features almost 100x smaller than possible in an optical microscope. For suspensions that are dilute and films that are thick compared to the particle diameter, the translational and rotational diffusion coefficients determined by single-particle tracking agreed with existing theoretical predictions. In thinner films, a striking and unexpected dynamical pairing of nanospheres was observed, suggesting a balance of capillary and hydrodynamic interactions. Nanospheres at high concentration displayed subdiffusive caged motion and hexagonal-lattice crystallization. Concentrated nanorods in the thinner films transiently assembled into finite stacks but did not achieve high tetratic liquid crystalline order, perhaps because of spherical impurities. A small spherical microparticles on a cylindrically curved liquid interface, to maintain constant contact angle about its wetted periphery, locally induces a quadrupolar interface deformation. Measured by optical profilometry, this deformation was compared to a recent theoretical expression, and good agreement was noted. The interface quadrupoles lead to particle capillary interactions in analogy to a 2d electrostatic quadrupoles, and as one consequence, spheres on a cylindrical interface assemble tetragonally. The assembly was monitored in the optical microscope, with particles driven to assembly as predicted, into a tetragonal lattice aligned with the underlying cylindrical axis. Lastly, ionic liquids and their mixtures with low molecular weight solvents were applied as flotation liquids for cryo-ultramicrotomy. With control of glass transition temperature and liquid viscosity, flat and ultra-thin sections were reliably floated onto transmission electron microscopy grids at cryogenic temperature. Compared to established flotation media for soft polymer systems, the required time and skill are significantly reduced, and the operator was not exposed to noxious fumes.
Download or read book The Engineering Index Annual written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 2264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its creation in 1884, Engineering Index has covered virtually every major engineering innovation from around the world. It serves as the historical record of virtually every major engineering innovation of the 20th century. Recent content is a vital resource for current awareness, new production information, technological forecasting and competitive intelligence. The world?s most comprehensive interdisciplinary engineering database, Engineering Index contains over 10.7 million records. Each year, over 500,000 new abstracts are added from over 5,000 scholarly journals, trade magazines, and conference proceedings. Coverage spans over 175 engineering disciplines from over 80 countries. Updated weekly.
Download or read book Thermocapillary Convection in Models of Crystal Growth written by Hendrik C. Kuhlmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 1999 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This critical overview describes fluid flow driven by the thermocapillary effect in models of crystal growth. Simple models are the floating-zone technique and the open-boat technique. Basic equations, boundary layer scaling, stability analysis, pattern formation and additional buoyancy are discussed. Particular emphasis is given to the understanding of the physics of flow. This reference book gives a state-of-the-art report and reviews the literature available.
Download or read book Adsorption of Particles on Fluid liquid Interfaces written by Bhavin Dalal and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particles floating on fluid-liquid interfaces are of considerable interest because of their importance in a range of physical applications and biological processes, e.g., self-- assembly of particles at fluid-fluid interfaces resulting in novel nano structured materials, stabilization of emulsions, formation of pollen and insect egg rafts, etc. The aim of this dissertation is to explore the mechanism by which particles are adsorbed at fluid-liquid interfaces. It is shown that the inertia of a particle plays an important role in its motion in the direction normal to a fluid-liquid interface, and in determining the particles adsorption trajectory and orientation in the adsorbed state. Although the importance of inertia diminishes with decreasing particle size, on an air-water interface the inertia continues to be important even when the particle size is as small as a few nanometers. This dissertation also investigates the vertical oscillations of a particle while it is being adsorbed on an interface. The fact that the particle oscillates vertically implies that its behavior is similar to that of an under-damped mass-spring-dashpot system, and that it has characteristic linear and rotational frequencies which depend on the physical properties of the fluids involved and those of the particle. The experimentally measured frequency of oscillation of a particle is in approximate agreement with the frequency calculated analytically, which is noteworthy considering that the latter depends only on the fluid and particle properties, and that there are no adjustable parameters in the analytic expression. It is shown that similarly to an under-damped system, these characteristic frequencies can be excited by an external forcing. When a particle is adsorbed on a fluid-liquid interface it induces a relatively strong transient flow in the liquid which persists for several seconds. For a spherical particle the flow is axisymmetric about the vertical passing through the particle's center. To visualize this flow, an experiment is designed based of the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique. The measurements show that the fluid directly below the particle rises up, and near the interface it moves away from the particle. The velocity near the interface is found to be about an order of magnitude larger than in the liquid below the particle.
