Download or read book Mass independent Sulfur Isotopic Compositions in Atmospheric Sulfates written by Alvaro Bernd Romero and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Chemical Evolution of the Atmosphere and Oceans written by Heinrich D. Holland and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1984-07-21 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this first full-scale attempt to reconstruct the chemical evolution of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans, Heinrich Holland assembles data from a wide spectrum of fields to trace the history of the ocean-atmosphere system. A pioneer in an increasingly important area of scholarship, he presents a comprehensive treatment of knowledge on this subject, provides an extensive bibliography, and outlines problems and approaches for further research. The first four chapters deal with the turbulent first half billion years of Earth history. The next four chapters, devoted largely to the Earth from 3.9 to 0.6 b.y.b.p., demonstrate that changes in the atmosphere and oceans during this period were not dramatic. The last chapter of the book deals with the Phanerozoic Eon; although the isotopic composition of sulfur and strontium in seawater varied greatly during this period of Earth history, the chemical composition of seawater did not.
Download or read book Mass independent Sulfur Isotope Fractionation During Photochemistry of Sulfur Dioxide written by Andrew Richard Whitehill and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mass-independent sulfur isotope signatures are observed in Archean and early Paleoproterozoic sedimentary sulfate and sulfide minerals, and provide the most robust constraints on early atmospheric oxygen levels. Smaller mass-independent sulfur isotope anomalies are observed in ice cores and interpreted as a tracer of stratospheric volcanic loading. Photochemistry of sulfur dioxide (SO2) has been implicated as a possible source of the mass-independent sulfur isotope signatures in both the modern stratosphere and on the early earth. However, the mechanisms responsible for the production of mass-independent sulfur isotope fractionation remain poorly constrained. This thesis investigates the multiple sulfur isotope systematics during photochemical reactions of sulfur dioxide as a function of a variety of experimental conditions. Two absorption regions of SO2 are tested - photolysis in the 190 to 220 nm region and photoexcitation in the 250 to 350 nm region. Experimental conditions modified include temperature, SO2 pressure, bath gas pressure, and addition of reactive gases (C2 H2, 02 and CH4). Results of photochemical experiments are compared with isotope systematics predicted from isotopologue-specific absorption cross-sections to identify potential mechanisms for the production of mass-independent fractionation during photochemical reactions. Strong similarity between the isotope systematics of SO2 photolysis and ice core data suggest that SO2 photolysis is responsible for the production of mass-independent sulfur isotope effects in the modern stratosphere. In contrast, significant discrepancies between the isotope signatures from SO2 photochemistry and those in the Archean record suggest that, although SO2 photolysis was likely an important process in the Archean atmosphere, an additional reaction likely contributes to the mass-independent sulfur isotope signatures preserved in the Archean rock record.
Download or read book Sediments Diagenesis and Sedimentary Rocks written by F.T. Mackenzie and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-11-22 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers the formation and biogeochemistry of a variety of important sediment types from their initial formation through their conversion (diagenesis) to sedimentary rocks. The volume deals with the chemical, mineralogical, and isotopic properties of sediments and sedimentary rocks and their use in interpreting the environment of formation and subsequent events in the history of sediments, and the nature of the ocean-atmosphere system through geological time. Reprinted individual volume from the acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry, (10 Volume Set, ISBN 0-08-043751-6, published in 2003). - Comprehensive and authoritative scope and focus - Reviews from renowned scientists across a range of subjects, providing both overviews and new data, supplemented by extensive bibliographies - Extensive illustrations and examples from the field
Download or read book Atmospheric Evolution on Inhabited and Lifeless Worlds written by David C. Catling and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-13 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and authoritative text on the formation and evolution of planetary atmospheres, for graduate-level students and researchers.
Download or read book Photochemistry of Planetary Atmospheres written by Yuk Ling Yung and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1999 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This valuable reference presents detailed studies of eleven planetary atmospheres: four for the giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune), four for the small bodies (Io, Titan, Triton, and Pluto), and three for the terrestrial planets (Mars, Venus, and Earth). Also, using the database provided by recent space missions supplemented by Earth-based observations, the authors offer an extensive survey of the principal chemical cycles that control the present composition and past history of planetary atmospheres.
Download or read book Multiple Stable Oxygen Isotopic Studies of Atmospheric Sulfate written by Charles Chi-Woo Lee and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Photochemistry of Small Molecules written by Hideo Okabe and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1978 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Isotope Geochemistry written by Heinrich D Holland and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-09-27 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the discovery that elements were commonly composed of isotopes, there developed a range of studies of the variability of isotopic compositions in Earth materials, which was able to add to our understanding of Earth processes and history. This collection of chapters from the Treatise on Geochemistry describes the range of isotopic studies. The chapters are grouped into the following categories: light stable isotopes, radiogenic tracers, noble gases and radioactive tracers. The first three groups depend on mass spectrometric measurements. The section on radioactive tracers employs both radioactive counting techniques and the newly developed accelerator mass spectrometric techniques. Comprehensive, interdisciplinary and authoritative content selected by leading subject experts Robust illustrations, figures and tables Affordably priced sampling of content from the full Treatise on Geochemistry
Download or read book Treatise on Geochemistry written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-10-19 with total page 14787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensively updated new edition of the widely acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry has increased its coverage beyond the wide range of geochemical subject areas in the first edition, with five new volumes which include: the history of the atmosphere, geochemistry of mineral deposits, archaeology and anthropology, organic geochemistry and analytical geochemistry. In addition, the original Volume 1 on "Meteorites, Comets, and Planets" was expanded into two separate volumes dealing with meteorites and planets, respectively. These additions increased the number of volumes in the Treatise from 9 to 15 with the index/appendices volume remaining as the last volume (Volume 16). Each of the original volumes was scrutinized by the appropriate volume editors, with respect to necessary revisions as well as additions and deletions. As a result, 27% were republished without major changes, 66% were revised and 126 new chapters were added. In a many-faceted field such as Geochemistry, explaining and understanding how one sub-field relates to another is key. Instructors will find the complete overviews with extensive cross-referencing useful additions to their course packs and students will benefit from the contextual organization of the subject matter Six new volumes added and 66% updated from 1st edition. The Editors of this work have taken every measure to include the many suggestions received from readers and ensure comprehensiveness of coverage and added value in this 2nd edition The esteemed Board of Volume Editors and Editors-in-Chief worked cohesively to ensure a uniform and consistent approach to the content, which is an amazing accomplishment for a 15-volume work (16 volumes including index volume)!
Download or read book Handbook of Stable Isotope Analytical Techniques written by Pier A. de Groot and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-10-27 with total page 1265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Parent with price) Volume I contains subjective reviews, specialized and novel technique descriptions by guest authors. Part 1 includes contributions on purely analytical techniques and Part 2 includes matters such as development of mass spectrometers, stability of ion sources, standards and calibration, correction procedures and experimental methods to obtain isotopic fractionation factors.Volume II will be available in 2005.
Download or read book Triple Oxygen Isotopes written by Huiming Bao and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-29 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 'detective' power of stable isotopes for processes that occurred in the past, and for elucidating mechanisms at the molecular level, has impressed researchers over the past 100 years, since the time when isotopes of elements were first discovered. While most are interested in the normalized abundance ratios of two isotopes of an element, further power was unleashed when researchers investigated the relationship of three or more isotopes of the same element, e.g. 16O, 17O, and 18O for oxygen. This Element focuses on the history of discovery of triple isotope effects, the conceptual framework behind these effects, and major lines of development in the past few years of triple oxygen isotope research.
Download or read book Mass independent Isotopic Compositions in Oxygen Containing Molecules as a Tool to Investigate Present and Past Changes in the Earth s Oxidation Capacity written by Becky Alexander and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Calculation of Equilibrium Constants for Isotopic Exchange Reactions written by Jacob Bigeleisen and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Using Geochemical Data written by Hugh Rollinson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-05-06 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook is a complete rewrite, and expansion of Hugh Rollinson's highly successful 1993 book Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Interpretation. Rollinson and Pease's new book covers the explosion in geochemical thinking over the past three decades, as new instruments and techniques have come online. It provides a comprehensive overview of how modern geochemical data are used in the understanding of geological and petrological processes. It covers major element, trace element, and radiogenic and stable isotope geochemistry. It explains the potential of many geochemical techniques, provides examples of their application, and emphasizes how to interpret the resulting data. Additional topics covered include the critical statistical analysis of geochemical data, current geochemical techniques, effective display of geochemical data, and the application of data in problem solving and identifying petrogenetic processes within a geological context. It will be invaluable for all graduate students, researchers, and professionals using geochemical techniques.
Download or read book An Astrobiological Exploration of Mass Dependent and Mass Independent Sulphur Isotope Fractionation written by Kristyn Rodzinyak and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In this thesis, I examined multiple sulfur isotopes in two different systems: mass dependent fractionation and mass independent fractionation. Mass dependent sulfur isotopes elucidate low-temperature oxidative processes from pyrite nodules within Miocene lake sediments found in the Haughton impact structure on Devon Island, Nunavut. Mass independent samples are investigated for lithological and geographical controls on the pattern of 33S and 36S anomalies in Mesoarchaean samples from Northwestern Ontario. In mass dependent systems, the distribution of isotopes can be predicted based on the differences in mass of the various isotopes. Published studies of abiotic and biotic sulfur oxidation show negligible fractionation between starting sulfide and resulting sulfates. Pyrite nodules are being oxidized in a polar desert environment to a variety of sulfates including gypsum, jarosite, and schwertmannite. Within individual nodules, fractionation between sulfate and sulfide range from -10.1 to +17.9 [per mille]. In addition, a two-component mixing between pyrite and bedrock sulfates divides the nodules into three types. The first two are explained by conventional oxidation and mixing; however, most samples cannot be described solely through mixing or oxidation. Measuring large fractionations in sulfide oxidation has implications for the study of 'biosignatures' such that an oxidizing environment, for example the surface of Mars, would be incompatible with the preservation of 'biosignatures'. In samples older than approximately 2.45 billion years, mass independent fractionation is observed in rock samples. These anomalous enrichments or depletions in 33S cannot be predicted solely on mass differences; rather they are attributed to photochemical reactions of SO2 in an oxygen poor atmosphere. Within the Mesoarchaean the magnitude of these anomalous 33S measurements are considerably diminished compared to contiguous time periods. Previous work has focused on changes in atmospheric chemistry to explain these minimum values. By looking at samples from Northwestern Ontario, the effect of lithology and geography are tested. In addition, a sulfur isotope database compiles the literature data. The range of multiple sulfur isotope data is extended as compared to the data from South Africa and Australia; however, the magnitude remains small when compared to adjacent time periods. Nevertheless, the isotope systematics of the Mesoarchaean, with this added dataset, follow the Archaean reference array which has previously not been used for the Mesoarchaean samples. Regarding lithology, chemically and biologically precipitated samples show large variation in anomalous 33S whereas clastic rocks remain close to zero. " --
Download or read book The Atmosphere and Climate of Mars written by Robert M. Haberle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-29 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humanity has long been fascinated by the planet Mars. Was its climate ever conducive to life? What is the atmosphere like today and why did it change so dramatically over time? Eleven spacecraft have successfully flown to Mars since the Viking mission of the 1970s and early 1980s. These orbiters, landers and rovers have generated vast amounts of data that now span a Martian decade (roughly eighteen years). This new volume brings together the many new ideas about the atmosphere and climate system that have emerged, including the complex interplay of the volatile and dust cycles, the atmosphere-surface interactions that connect them over time, and the diversity of the planet's environment and its complex history. Including tutorials and explanations of complicated ideas, students, researchers and non-specialists alike are able to use this resource to gain a thorough and up-to-date understanding of this most Earth-like of planetary neighbours.
