Download or read book Market Sentiment IPO Underpricing and Valuation written by Cynthia J. Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine IPO underpricing, valuation, and wealth allocation in relation to investor sentiment, information asymmetry, and underwriter reputation. We find that underpricing is significantly higher for overvalued IPOs than for undervalued IPOs, and is positively correlated to investor sentiment. Information asymmetry is also positively correlated to the magnitude of underpricing but only for undervalued IPOs. We find no evidence of systematic over or undervaluation of IPOs based on peer firm accounting ratios. Change in market sentiment and information asymmetry is positively correlated to overvalued IPOs but not for undervalued. Better underwriter reputation leads to higher IPO valuation for all IPOs. Further, roughly 70% of the wealth from overvaluing IPOs is retained by the issuers. For overvalued IPOs with positive first day returns, we find the proportion of total overvaluation that occurs in the after market trading, i.e., wealth allocated to IPO subscribers, is negatively correlated to underwriter reputation. We conclude underwriters selectively overvalue some IPOs after observing investor sentiment and take advantage of their information to maximize the benefit for issuers and indirectly themselves.

Download or read book The Phenomenon of IPO Underpricing in the European and U S Stock Markets written by Oliver Reiche and published by Anchor Academic Publishing (aap_verlag). This book was released on 2014-06-23 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Initial Public Offering (IPO) marks one of the most important events of a company. Basically, the aim is to generate maximum proceeds by selling the company’s shares to investors. However, the shares that are sold seem to be underpriced as the price significantly soars on the first trading day. Since the very first detection of this phenomenon in the United States in 1969, several subsequent studies have documented the existence of worldwide IPO underpricing. This study focuses on IPO Underpricing in the European and United States Stock Markets by outlining and discussing the following essential issues: What is underpricing in the context of the IPO? Which motivations are there and how do they impact? Is there IPO underpricing in the markets of Europe and the United States of America?

Download or read book IPO Underpricing in Germany Empirical Analysis of Influencing Variables written by Justyna Dietrich and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2011-10-27 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Introduction: Detected on the US market centuries ago, underpricing is the phenomenon of abnormal first-day returns from initial public offerings (IPOs). Without doubt, any US investor would agree, that one day-returns of 11.4% on average are exceptional and a worthwhile investment. Since then many studies have proven that it is a persistent phenomenon and also occurs on markets all over the world. The most puzzling question for scientists is why companies are leaving this money on the table and don t set an offering price that reflects the market demand at the offering date. Within that, researchers have also been trying to determine the factors that influence the severity of underpricing. Many different explanations with regard to the existence of underpricing have been derived thus far, with all claiming to be valid even if not exclusively. But despite this effort, research so far has not been able to create common sense. Some even argue that underpricing may not exist at all since most IPOs underperform severely in the long-run which leads some people to the conclusion that IPOs are in fact overpriced. The main focus of this paper is whether and how the findings of past research, primarily conducted for the US market, apply to the German IPO market. As a result, both investors and issuers shall receive practical implications for their decision-making within the IPO process. So far, profound underpricing research for the German market has been rather scarce. Most of the available literature concentrates either on dates before 1997 when most offering prices have been determined by using the fixed price mechanism whereas the most recent studies focus on the German stock exchange segment Neuer Markt exclusively. In contrast, this paper aims to give a more recent analysis of underpricing on the German market without distinguishing between different market segments. Additionally, a broad over-view and understanding of IPO underpricing, taking the long-run performance of IPOs into account, will be included. As a result, this paper is structured as follows: The second section consists of a description of some of the important theoretical aspects that have influence on the price setting of an IPO. It will concentrate on business valuation as it is the basis for setting the price of an IPO. Furthermore, the most common price setting mechanisms shall be explained. Additionally, the special role of the lead underwriter in the IPO [...]

Download or read book Variables Influencing the Severity of IPO Underpricing An Empirical Analysis of the German Market written by Justyna Dietrich and published by Diplomica Verlag. This book was released on 2012-03 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Underpricing refers to the phenomenon of abnormal first-day returns from initial public offerings (IPOs). Without doubt, any US investor would agree that one day-returns of 11.4% on average are exceptional and a worthwhile investment. Since then many studies have proven that it is a persistent phenomenon and also occurs on markets all over the world. The most puzzling question for scientists is why companies are leaving this money on the table and do not set an offering price that reflects the market demand at the offering date. The main focus of this paper is whether and how the findings of past research, primarily conducted for the US market, apply to the German IPO market. As a result, both investors and issuers shall receive practical implications for their decision-making within the IPO process. This study comprises a brief description of some important theoretical aspects that shape the price setting of an IPO. It focuses on business valuation as it is the basis for setting the price of an IPO. Furthermore, the most common price setting mechanisms are explained. Past research results and theories with regard to IPO underpricing will be outlined and put into relation to the upcoming analysis. This also includes the long-run performance of IPOs and deals especially with the question of whether IPOs are systematically overvalued by investors and, if so, why. The empirical analysis consists of a deduction of influencing variables and an applying theoretical model. Finally, OLS results will be presented and interpreted, which also includes practical implications for both, issuers and investors.

Download or read book The Specific Underpricing of IPOs in U S Stock Markets written by Claus Birkenbeul and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2010 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 1,3, Munich Business School University of Applied Sciences, language: English, abstract: The economical development is improving and world trade volumes are expected to recover. The recorvery process is developing constantly but slowly: Share prices have rebounded within 2009, worldwide trade volumes have recovered slightly and are expected to catch up with values from the end of 2008 during the next year (cf. OECD 2009). The world is recovering from one of the most severe economic downturns since The Great Depression. Comparing GDP volumes from the previous period at the same time, OECD countries lost up to 2%. As a logical consequence the U.S. IPO market has been affected by the economic meltdown as well. "IPO activity tends to cluster in certain time periods, thus it appears in waves, so-called hot IPO markets" (Hamer 2007, 9). From 2007 to 2008 th e number of IPOs decreased. The U.S. market broke down by more than 85% in one year. In 2007 there were 160 IPOs whereas in 2008 21 securities went public fort the first time (cf. Ritter 2010, 2). After the slowest year for IPOs since the 1970s, the market began to show signs of life again in 2009. The number of offerings increased by 21% although the offering value decreased by almost 15% (cf. PWC 2010). [...]

Download or read book The Specific Underpricing of Ipos in U S Stock Markets written by Claus Birkenbeul and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2010 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 1,3, Munich Business School University of Applied Sciences, language: English, abstract: The economical development is improving and world trade volumes are expected to recover. The recorvery process is developing constantly but slowly: Share prices have rebounded within 2009, worldwide trade volumes have recovered slightly and are expected to catch up with values from the end of 2008 during the next year (cf. OECD 2009). The world is recovering from one of the most severe economic downturns since The Great Depression. Comparing GDP volumes from the previous period at the same time, OECD countries lost up to 2%. As a logical consequence the U.S. IPO market has been affected by the economic meltdown as well. "IPO activity tends to cluster in certain time periods, thus it appears in waves, so-called hot IPO markets" (Hamer 2007, 9). From 2007 to 2008 th e number of IPOs decreased. The U.S. market broke down by more than 85% in one year. In 2007 there were 160 IPOs whereas in 2008 21 securities went public fort the first time (cf. Ritter 2010, 2). After the slowest year for IPOs since the 1970s, the market began to show signs of life again in 2009. The number of offerings increased by 21% although the offering value decreased by almost 15% (cf. PWC 2010). [...]

Download or read book Hot Markets Investor Sentiment and IPO Pricing written by Alexander Ljungqvist and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Research on IPOs written by Mario Levis and published by Edward Elgar Pub. This book was released on 2013 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Research on IPOs provides a comprehensive review of the emerging trends and directions in the global initial public offerings (IPO) markets. The empirical evidence included in the book covers Europe, the US and the Far East, and presents a truly global perspective of IPO markets around the world and at the different stages of the entire IPO process.The Handbook is divided into six comprehensive parts:* why, when and where firms go public* preparation for the IPO* transaction structure and governance at the IPO* trading in the aftermarket* the aftermarket performance of IPOs* special types of IPOs. The chapters offer some important new insights into issues that will be of interest not only to the academic community but also to professionals involved in the preparation, structure and execution of such transactions, market regulators, and private and institutional investors.

Download or read book Market Sentiment Media Hype and the Underpricing of Initial Public Offerings written by Beauty Ho and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the relationship between the extent of initial public offering (IPO) underpricing and market sentiment surrounding technology issues listing on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) during 1999 and 2000. We consider quot;hypequot; surrounding these issues as reflected in the media and as reflected in the market's sentiment towards recent offerings by similar firms. We also consider the relationship between technology firms' need for follow-on offerings due to quot;cash burnquot; and the level of underpricing. Finally, we examine the information content of management and accountant going concern warnings as a signalling mechanism to reduce ex ante uncertainty regarding the relative risk of IPO candidates.Our preliminary results indicate that the extent of underpricing is systematically related to variables measuring the market sentiment surrounding the listing of an IPO. Specifically, underpricing is higher following high underpricing in similar recent issues. There is some evidence of higher underpricing for firms with higher media interest and in the period of the hot IPO market prior to April 2000. We find that firms that experience a greater rate of cash burn also experience greater underpricing consistent with the conjecture that such firms are more likely to need additional financing shortly after they go public. The association between cash burn and underpricing is however reliant on inclusion of a few issues with very high underpricing. We also find evidence consistent with warnings in the prospectus regarding going concern issues providing a valuable signal to mitigate investors' ex ante uncertainty about the value of an offering, thereby reducing the subsequent level of underpricing achieved by that firm.

Download or read book With Malice Toward All written by Patricia Moy and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2000-04-30 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public opinion polls point to a continuing decline in confidence in the Presidency, court system, Congress, the news media, state government, public education, and other key institutions. Moy and Pfau analyze the reasons for this crisis of confidence, with particular attention to the role of the media. Moy and Pfau examine the impact of sociodemographic factors, political expertise, and use of communication media on people's perceptions of confidence in democratic institutions. Their conclusions are based on two years of data collection. In three waves between 1995 and 1997, they conducted a series of content analyses of media depictions of democratic institutions in conjunction with general survey data. The result is one of the most comprehensive examinations ever conducted on the influence of the media on public confidence. It will be of great value to scholars, researchers, students, and professionals in government and the media.

Download or read book Empirical Evidence on IPO Underpricing written by Marius Hamer and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diploma Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,3, European Business School - International University Schlo Reichartshausen Oestrich-Winkel, 80 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: This paper aims at establishing a link between the average level of initial return of IPO shares, existing underpricing explanations and the dot-com bubble. In years prior to the boom of the new economy, underpricing was explained by various theories, which have extensively been developed since decades. However, in the years 1998 to 2001 IPOs were overly underpriced, leading to assumptions about behavioural aspects and investor irrationality. Analysing a comprehensive dataset of 371 IPOs on the Frankfurter B rse between 1997 and 2007, this paper aims at providing evidence that the observed lower levels of initial returns in recent years can indeed be aligned with existing theories on the basis of rational behaviour of market participants. Firstly, the IPO process and its major participants will be presented followed by a review of relevant studies on the IPO phenomenon. In the next step, established underpricing theories are recapitulated. A descriptive analysis of the data sample points out the particularities concerning the company and transaction characteristics of the sample firms. In a last step, a regression analysis relates various proxies for information asymmetry to established underpricing theories. It gives reason to believe that the irrationality at the turn of the century has vanished and that underpricing can again be explained by established theories.

Download or read book Going Public written by Tim Jenkinson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2001 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Going Public investigates why companies routinely underprice themselves as they try to list themselves on the stock exchange. They subsequently underperform over the long-term and, in Going Public, the authors explore these 2 phenomena in plain English.

Download or read book A Survey of the European IPO Market written by and published by CEPS. This book was released on 2006 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Corporate Finance written by Bjørn Espen Eckbo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-05-21 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Judging by the sheer number of papers reviewed in this Handbook, the empirical analysis of firms’ financing and investment decisions—empirical corporate finance—has become a dominant field in financial economics. The growing interest in everything “corporate is fueled by a healthy combination of fundamental theoretical developments and recent widespread access to large transactional data bases. A less scientific—but nevertheless important—source of inspiration is a growing awareness of the important social implications of corporate behavior and governance. This Handbook takes stock of the main empirical findings to date across an unprecedented spectrum of corporate finance issues, ranging from econometric methodology, to raising capital and capital structure choice, and to managerial incentives and corporate investment behavior. The surveys are written by leading empirical researchers that remain active in their respective areas of interest. With few exceptions, the writing style makes the chapters accessible to industry practitioners. For doctoral students and seasoned academics, the surveys offer dense roadmaps into the empirical research landscape and provide suggestions for future work. *The Handbooks in Finance series offers a broad group of outstanding volumes in various areas of finance *Each individual volume in the series should present an accurate self-contained survey of a sub-field of finance *The series is international in scope with contributions from field leaders the world over

Download or read book Governance Sentiment Analysis and IPO Underpricing written by Maximiliano Gonzalez and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Question/Issue: What is the relationship between governance, tone in language and underpricing of initial public offerings (IPOs) in Latin America.Research Findings/Insights: First, we find empirical evidence for the link between uncertainty in tone in the IPO prospectus and the level of underpricing. Second, we do not find that governance provisions at the country level explain IPO underpricing. Third, governance mechanisms at the firm level, such as board size and independence, are significant in explaining underpricing. Fourth, when interacting with uncertainty in tone, corporate governance variables at the firm level display stronger (board size) or weaker (board independence) marginal effects. Finally, we find lower levels of underpricing for family firms compared to non-family firms.Theoretical/Academic Implications: Bigger boards seem to lead to greater underpricing while more independent boards mitigate it. This finding stresses the relevance of functional convergence in regions with weak institutions. Our results also suggest that tone in communications matter more for underpricing than governance. We argue that this could be due to the minimum corporate governance provisions at the firm level that firms need to meet before going public. Practitioner/Policy Implications: Our results suggest that tone in firm communications is relevant for market valuation. In the context of family firms, we show that reputation effect is priced by the market valuation of the IPO.

Download or read book Valuation and Underpricing of Initial Public Offerings written by Susanna Holzschneider and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Capital Markets Handbook written by John C. Burch and published by Wolters Kluwer. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 1458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Capital Markets Handbook, Sixth Edition is the definitive desk reference for capital market professionals and a complete resource for anyone working in the financial markets field. Written by seasoned professionals in association with the SIA, Capital Markets Handbook covers the latest developments in major securities legislation, and all aspects of documentation, underwriting, pricing, distribution, settlement, immediate aftermarket trading of new issues, compliance issues, a glossary, a bibliography, and appendices containing the full text of the primary statutes and regulations. The Sixth Edition includes coverage of new developments, including compliance issues such as: New amendments to NASD Rule 2710 ("The Corporate Financing Rule") governing underwriting compensation Updates on PIPE and Registered Direct Transactions Amendments to Rule 10b-18 governing corporate repurchase of equity securities Online Dutch auction procedures in use for the Google, Inc. IPO United Kingdom Financial Service Authority guidance on conflict of interest regarding pricing and allocation issues which have been adopted by one major U.S. investment bank Amendments to Rule 105 Regulation M concerning short selling in connection with public offerings Currency conversion in settlement of a global offering NASD Rule 2790-Restriction on the Purchase and Sale of IPO equity securities NASD IPO Distribution Manager procedures for filing with NASD Corporate Financing Proposed NASD Rule 2712 concerning allocation and distribution of shares in an initial public offering A reorganized compliance chapter in a checklist format designed to ease and enhance CEO and CFO Compliance Certification required by a proposed amendment to NASD Rule 3010 (Supervision) and the adoption of Interpretive Material 3010-1 And more