Download or read book Market Mechanisms and the Health Sector in Central and Eastern Europe written by Alexander S. Preker and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation World Bank Technical Paper No. 293.Presents a conceptual framework for understanding the impact of health sector reforms in Central and Eastern Europe. The book analyzes the various factors involved in the reforms and presents strategies adopted by many countries of the region during the early phases of the transition era.
Download or read book Market mechanisms and the health sector in Central and Estern Europe written by Alexander S. Preker and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Welfare Choice and Solidarity in Transition written by János Kornai and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-05-31 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reform of the welfare sector is an important yet difficult challenge for all countries in transition from socialist central planning to market-oriented democracies. Here a scholar of the economics of socialism and post-socialist transition and a health economist take on this challenge. This 2001 book offers health sector reform recommendations for ten countries of Eastern Europe, drawn consistently from a set of explicit guiding principles. After discussing sector-specific characteristics, lessons of international experience, and the main set of initial conditions, the authors advocate reforms based on organized public financing for basic care, private financing for supplementary care, pluralistic delivery of services, and managed competition. Policymakers need to achieve a balance, both assuring social solidarity through universal access to basic health services and expanding individual choice and responsibility through voluntary supplemental insurance. The authors also consider the problems that undermine effectiveness of market-based competition in the health sector.
Download or read book Public private Mix and Performance of Health Care Systems in CEE and CIS Countries written by Błażej Łyszczarz and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of the public and private sector in health care systems remains one of the crucial problems of these systems' operation. The purpose of this research is to identify the relationships between the performance of health systems in CEE and CIS (Central and Eastern Europe and Commonwealth of Independent State) countries and the mix of public-private sector in the health care of these countries. The study uses a zero unitarization method to construct three measures of health system performance in the following areas: (1) resources; (2) services; and (3) health status. The values of these measures are correlated with the share of public financing that represents the public-private mix in the health systems. The data used is from World Health Organization's Health for All Database for 23 CEE and CIS countries and comprises the year 2010. The results show that the performance of health systems in the countries investigated is positively associated with a higher proportion of public financing. The strongest relationship links public financing with performance in the area of services production. For policy makers, these results imply that health systems in post-communist transition economies could be susceptible to a decreasing role of the state and that growing reliance on the market mechanism in health care can deteriorate the operation of these systems.
Download or read book Labor Markets and Social Policy in Central and Eastern Europe written by N. A. Barr and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Labor Markets and Social Policy in Central and Eastern Europe' summarises social policy reform during the transition and EU accession and analyses the social policy challenges which continue to face both old and new member states. Specifically, the book amplifies two sets of arguments. First, social policy under communism was in important respects well-suited to the old order andprecisely for that reasonwas systematically badly-suited to a market economy. Strategic reform directions thus followed from the nature of the transition process and from constraints imposed by EU accession. Secondly, successful accession is not the end of the story: economic and social trends over the past 50 years are creating strains for social policy which all countriesold and new memberswill have to face.This book will be of interest to readers interested in social policy, particularly those with an interest in the process of post-communist transition, in EU accession, and in future social policy challenges for the wider Europe. It should be of interest to academics in departments of economics, social policy and political science, and to policy makers, including government advisers and civil servants.
Download or read book OECD Reviews of Health Systems Mexico 2016 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2016-01-07 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ten years after the introduction of publically-funded universal health insurance, the Mexican health system finds itself at a critical juncture.
Download or read book Health Policy and European Union Enlargement written by Mckee and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 2004-04-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While there may be consensus on the broader issues of the core objectives of the health care system, expectations differ between EU countries, and European national policy-makers. This book seeks firstly to assess the impact of the enlargement process and then to analyse the challenges that lie ahead in the field of health and health policy.
Download or read book Labor Markets in Transition in Central and Eastern Europe 1989 1995 written by Christine Allison and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Content Description #Includes bibliographical references (p. ).
Download or read book Changing the Health Care System written by and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1994 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Governance for Health in the 21st Century written by Ilona Kickbusch and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A range of collaborative governance mechanisms has developed in many policy arenas in the past decade. The study on governance for health in the 21st century tracks governance innovations that have been introduced to address priority determinants of health and summarizes them as five strategic approaches to smart governance for health. The study relates the emergence of joint action of the health sector and non-health sectors, of public and private actors and of citizens to achieve seminal changes in 21st-century societies. They include a new understanding of health and well-being as key features of what constitutes a successful society and vibrant economy and the higher value placed on equity and participation. The study further describes the type of structures and mechanisms that enable collaboration and outlines the new role that health ministers and ministries and public health agencies need to adopt in such a challenging policy environment.
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Download or read book Health Care Law making in Central and Eastern Europe written by André Pieter den Exter and published by Intersentia nv. This book was released on 2002 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the relevance of a theoretical model of health care law-making in several Central and Eastern European countries. Confronted with the legacy of the ancient regime, the countries selected shifted away from a 'socialist' model towards a more 'market-oriented' health care system. From a legal perspective, this change of system imposed on government the need for drastic reforms starting with the introduction of a compulsory health insurance scheme based on the notion of solidarity. Future accession to the EU, requiring the incorporation of the acquis communautaire, has increased the complexity of legal reforms since. Strengthening the reform process, the author developed a method of law-making based on legal-theoretical understanding. Case study research in three selected countries justifies the conclusion that the analytical model rationalises the law-making activity, including the 'EU law approximation process'. What is more, it became apparent that the importance of this theoretical model is not restricted only to the selected countries but may also be a valuable instrument for other countries in transition in the region. Health care law-making in Central and Eastern Europe - Review of a legal-theoretical model provides a unique resource for scholars and policy makers interested in legal reforms in Central and Eastern European health care systems.
Download or read book Organization and Financing of Public Health Services in Europe written by Rechel B. and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2018-11-20 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How are public health services in Europe organized and financed? With European health systems facing a plethora of challenges that can be addressed through public health interventions there is renewed interest in strengthening public health services. Yet there are enormous gaps in our knowledge. How many people work in public health? How much money is spent on public health? What does it actually achieve? None of these questions can be answered easily. This volume brings together current knowledge on the organization and financing of public health services in Europe. It is based on country reports on the organization and financing of public health services in nine European countries and an in-depth analysis of the involvement of public health services in addressing three contemporary public health challenges (alcohol obesity and antimicrobial resistance). The focus is on four core dimensions of public health services: organization financing the public health workforce and quality assurance. The questions the volume seeks to answer are: o How are public health services in Europe organized? Are there good practices that can be emulated? What policy options are available? o How much is spent on public health services? Where do resources come from? And what was the impact of the economic crisis? o What do we know about the public health workforce? How can it be strengthened? o How is the quality of public health services being assured? What should quality assurance systems for public health services look like? This study is the result of close collaboration between the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies and the WHO Regional Office for Europe Division of Health Systems and Public Health. It accompanies two other Observatory publications: Organization and financing of public health services in Europe: country reports and The role of public health organizations in addressing public health problems in Europe: the case of obesity alcohol and antimicrobial resistance.
Download or read book Surveillance of Agricultural Price and Trade Policies written by Alberto Valdés and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 326. Describes the condition of young children in Sub-Saharan Africa, calls attention to their plight, and examines strategies for addressing their condition. The paper describes the World Bank's early childhood development initiative, which focuses on the neglected but critical development age group that falls between birth and school enrollment age and which regards child development as the holistic formation of the child, rather than an extension of traditional schooling downward.
Download or read book Investing in Pastoralism written by David John Pratt and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 365.The World Bank has been supporting range livestock development since the 1960s, gaining experience that currently contributes to best practices in natural resource management (NRM) in pastoral areas. This report focuses on NRM in the arid rangelands used by pastoralists in Africa and the Middle East, offering guidelines for development. An introductory chapter on the nature of NRM is followed by advice on preparing for project intervention and by guidelines for specific project components. A concluding chapter considers the broader implications for international agencies, particularly the World Bank. Eight annexes provide additional background information and advice, as well as a user guide for practitioners.
Download or read book The Impact of Environmental Assessment written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China is in the throes of two transitions: from a command economy to a market-based one and from a rural, agricultural society to an urban, industrial one. So far, both transitions have been spectacularly successful. China is the fastest-growing economy in the world, with per capita incomes more than quadrupling since 1978, achieving in two generations what took other countries centuries. Although swift growth and structural change have resolved many problems, they also have created new challenges: employment insecurity, growing inequality, stubborn poverty, mounting environmental pressures, rising costs of food self-sufficiency, and periods of macroeconomic instability stemming from incomplete reforms. Unmet, these challenges could undermine the sustainability of growth, and China's promise could fade. China 2020, a seven-volume set, examines China's recent history, where it is today, and the path it should follow during the first two decades of the 21st century. The volume in the set entitled, Old Age Security: Pension Reform in China highlights two severe difficulties with China's current pension system: the urgent and immediate problem of the pension burden placed on state-owned enterprises, and the longer-term predicament arising from a rapidly aging population. State enterprises inherited heavy pension obligations from the central planning era. With the transition to a market economy, employment in the state enterprise sector is declining, while the number of pensioners is rising rapidly. The study recommends a unified pension system that includes both mandatory funded individual accounts and a social insurance scheme. It also endorses a sustainable contribution rate that attaches considerable importance to long-term financial viability (more than 60 years) and examines the risks associated with low compliance rates and low interest rates.
Download or read book The Legal Framework for Water Users Associations written by Salman M. A. Salman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent experience confirms that participation of farmers in managing parts of an irrigation system and collecting water charges usually results in a more efficient use of water. To be effective, farmers in the hydraulic unit would need to organize themselves by establishing a "water users" association. This paper presents a comparative study of the legal framework for these associations in Colombia, India, Mexico, Nepal, the Philippines, and Turkey. Building on the theory that participation of farmers in managing and operating parts of an irrigation system will result in an optimum use of water, the document analyzes in a comparative manner how each of these countries addressed the basic aspects related to the establishment and functioning of such associations. Additional emphasis is placed on the collection of water charges.
