Download or read book Marginal Cost Justification written by Seattle City Light. Rates and Consumer Research Section and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marginal Cost in the New Economy A Proposal for a Uniform Approach to Policy Evaluations written by Roger L. Conkling and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-04-29 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents an approach for resolving a variety of public policy debates. It proposes that a single standard - marginal cost methodology - be adopted to replace the haphazard arrays of methods and techniques currenly employed to measure the costs and benefits of disputed policy issues.
Download or read book The Zero Marginal Cost Society written by Jeremy Rifkin and published by Macmillan + ORM. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Zero Marginal Cost Society,New York Times bestselling author Jeremy Rifkin describes how the emerging Internet of Things is speeding us to an era of nearly free goods and services, precipitating the meteoric rise of a global Collaborative Commons and the eclipse of capitalism. Rifkin uncovers a paradox at the heart of capitalism that has propelled it to greatness but is now taking it to its death—the inherent entrepreneurial dynamism of competitive markets that drives productivity up and marginal costs down, enabling businesses to reduce the price of their goods and services in order to win over consumers and market share. (Marginal cost is the cost of producing additional units of a good or service, if fixed costs are not counted.) While economists have always welcomed a reduction in marginal cost, they never anticipated the possibility of a technological revolution that might bring marginal costs to near zero, making goods and services priceless, nearly free, and abundant, and no longer subject to market forces. Now, a formidable new technology infrastructure—the Internet of things (IoT)—is emerging with the potential of pushing large segments of economic life to near zero marginal cost in the years ahead. Rifkin describes how the Communication Internet is converging with a nascent Energy Internet and Logistics Internet to create a new technology platform that connects everything and everyone. Billions of sensors are being attached to natural resources, production lines, the electricity grid, logistics networks, recycling flows, and implanted in homes, offices, stores, vehicles, and even human beings, feeding Big Data into an IoT global neural network. Prosumers can connect to the network and use Big Data, analytics, and algorithms to accelerate efficiency, dramatically increase productivity, and lower the marginal cost of producing and sharing a wide range of products and services to near zero, just like they now do with information goods. The plummeting of marginal costs is spawning a hybrid economy—part capitalist market and part Collaborative Commons—with far reaching implications for society, according to Rifkin. Hundreds of millions of people are already transferring parts of their economic lives to the global Collaborative Commons. Prosumers are plugging into the fledgling IoT and making and sharing their own information, entertainment, green energy, and 3D-printed products at near zero marginal cost. They are also sharing cars, homes, clothes and other items via social media sites, rentals, redistribution clubs, and cooperatives at low or near zero marginal cost. Students are enrolling in free massive open online courses (MOOCs) that operate at near zero marginal cost. Social entrepreneurs are even bypassing the banking establishment and using crowdfunding to finance startup businesses as well as creating alternative currencies in the fledgling sharing economy. In this new world, social capital is as important as financial capital, access trumps ownership, sustainability supersedes consumerism, cooperation ousts competition, and "exchange value" in the capitalist marketplace is increasingly replaced by "sharable value" on the Collaborative Commons. Rifkin concludes that capitalism will remain with us, albeit in an increasingly streamlined role, primarily as an aggregator of network services and solutions, allowing it to flourish as a powerful niche player in the coming era. We are, however, says Rifkin, entering a world beyond markets where we are learning how to live together in an increasingly interdependent global Collaborative Commons.
Download or read book Marginal Cost written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2024-02-04 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is Marginal Cost In the field of economics, the marginal cost refers to the change in the overall cost that occurs when the quantity produced is increased. In other words, the marginal cost is the cost of creating additional inventory. Sometimes it is used to refer to an increase of one unit of output, while other times it is used to refer to the rate of change in total cost as output is increased by an infinitesimal amount. Both of these meanings are applicable in certain situations. The marginal cost is the slope of the total cost, which is the rate at which it increases with output. Figure 1 illustrates that the marginal cost is measured in dollars per unit, but the total cost is measured in dollars. There is a distinction between the marginal cost and the average cost, which is calculated by dividing the total cost by the number of units produced. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Marginal cost Chapter 2: Perfect competition Chapter 3: Supply and demand Chapter 4: Profit maximization Chapter 5: Break-even (economics) Chapter 6: Production function Chapter 7: Average cost Chapter 8: Marginal product Chapter 9: Diminishing returns Chapter 10: Economic cost Chapter 11: Marginal revenue Chapter 12: Marginal revenue productivity theory of wages Chapter 13: Cost curve Chapter 14: Total cost Chapter 15: Average variable cost Chapter 16: Average fixed cost Chapter 17: Long run and short run Chapter 18: Supply (economics) Chapter 19: Minimum efficient scale Chapter 20: Shutdown (economics) Chapter 21: Marginal product of labor (II) Answering the public top questions about marginal cost. (III) Real world examples for the usage of marginal cost in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Marginal Cost.
Download or read book Introduction to Cost Benefit Analysis written by Ginés de Rus and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2021-03-26 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thoroughly updated second edition incorporates key ideas and discussions on issues such as wider economic impacts, the treatment of risk, and the importance of institutional arrangements in ensuring the correct use of technique. Ginés de Rus considers whether public decisions, such as investing in high-speed rail links, privatizing a public enterprise or protecting a natural area, may improve social welfare.
Download or read book Cost Benefit Analysis written by Euston Quah and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-05-07 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Should Malaysia build a new steel mill, or New York City an urban motorway? Should higher education expand, or water supplies be improved? These are typical questions to which cost-benefit analysis, the key economic tool for analyzing problems of social choice can contribute to, as well as providing a useful vehicle for understanding the practical value of welfare economics. This invaluable text covers the main problems that arise in a typical cost-benefit exercise. Cost-benefit analysis is used everywhere, but its techniques are particularly prominent in fields where there is some kind of ethical dimension. For this edition, E.J. Mishan has been joined by Euston Quah, to explore new themes, including the impact of uncertainty on cost-benefit analysis and to introduce a host of new and up-to-date case studies.
Download or read book Cost benefit Analysis written by Peter G. Sassone and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Textbook on the theory and methodology of cost benefit analysis - covers criteria for decision making, shadow pricing, discount rate, etc. Bibliography pp. 175 to 177, graphs and statistical tables.
Download or read book Elements of Cost Benefit Analysis Routledge Revivals written by E. J. Mishan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-07-24 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, which was first published in 1972, is not a collection of case-studies in cost-benefit analysis, of which there had been already several in use employing techniques of varying degrees of sophistication. Nor is it a manual of instruction with particular orientation for less developed counties, such as those produced under the auspices of the U.N. and the O.E.C.D. What this volume does attempt is to introduce the student of economics to the logic and the concepts used in cost-benefit analysis.
Download or read book Cost Benefit Analysis written by Per-Olov Johansson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element on cost-benefit analysis provides a summary of recent theoretical and empirical developments and summarizes state-of-the-art stated-preference and revealed-preference valuation methods. The Element discusses how to assess small (or marginal) as well as large (or non-marginal) projects that have a significant impact on prices and/or other economic variables. It also discusses distortions like taxes, market power, and sticky prices. In addition, risk/uncertainty is considered. A novel feature is the elaboration on flexible evaluation rules for reasonably small projects. Conventional point-estimates of projects should be used with care, because they typically give biased results.
Download or read book What are Marginal Costs and how to Estimate Them written by Ralph Turvey and published by Ralph Turvey. This book was released on 2000 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cost Benefit Analysis of Leaning Against the Wind written by Mr.Lars E. O. Svensson and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-01-11 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Leaning against the wind” (LAW) with a higher monetary policy interest rate may have benefits in terms of lower real debt growth and associated lower probability of a financial crisis but has costs in terms of higher unemployment and lower inflation, importantly including a higher cost of a crisis when the economy is weaker. For existing empirical estimates, costs exceed benefits by a substantial margin, even if monetary policy is nonneutral and permanently affects real debt. Somewhat surprisingly, less effective macroprudential policy and generally a credit boom, with resulting higher probability, severity, or duration of a crisis, increases costs of LAW more than benefits, thus further strengthening the strong case against LAW.
Download or read book Cost benefit Analysis written by Ajit Kumar Dasgupta and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Principles of Practical Cost benefit Analysis written by Robert Sugden and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1978 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cost effectiveness. Economics. This is an introduction, accessible to non-economists as well as to economists, to the practice of cost benifit analysis. It begins from a discussion of financial appraisal. The distinguishing features of cost benifit analysis are then introduced progressively. Practical examples are used whenever possible to aid the exposition. Economic theory is introduced only where it is immediately relevant to practice. Nonetheless the approach is firmly grounded in economic principles and considerable space is devoted to those ideas that are central to practical cost benefit analysis - shadow prices, consumers' surplus, and valuation of unmarked goods. The additional needs of economically trained readers are catered for by a number of appendices which relate the ideas expounded in the book to mainstream economic theory.
Download or read book Cost Benefit Analysis written by Harry F. Campbell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-07-30 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A social cost-benefit analysis of a proposed publicly funded project, or public policy change, may be commissioned by a municipal, state or federal government, by a government aid agency, or by an international. Proponents of a private project which has significant social impacts may also commission an economic analysis of this type. The key economic questions of any social cost-benefit analysis are: do the benefits of the project exceed the costs, no matter how widely costs and benefits are spread? And which group or groups of individuals benefit and which bear the costs? This book addresses these questions with an emphasis on putting the theory into practice. The book has several unique features: readers are encouraged to develop their own skills by applying the tools and techniques of cost-benefit analysis to case studies including a project which is developed through the book; the use of spreadsheets is emphasised which is invaluable in allowing readers to test variables and cross-check the accuracy of their economic appraisal; and a dedicated chapter provides guidance on writing up a report which completes the analysis. An appendix lists additional case studies which can be developed in class or as additional projects. Each chapter contains exercises and suggestions for further reading. This book is an ideal text for a course on cost-benefit analysis where the emphasis is on practical applications and teaching students to conduct their own analysis. The book's companion website can be found at: http://uq.edu.au/economics/sites/bca/.
Download or read book Health System Efficiency written by Jonathan Cylus and published by Health Policy. This book was released on 2016-12-15 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book the authors explore the state of the art on efficiency measurement in health systems and international experts offer insights into the pitfalls and potential associated with various measurement techniques. The authors show that: - The core idea of efficiency is easy to understand in principle - maximizing valued outputs relative to inputs, but is often difficult to make operational in real-life situations - There have been numerous advances in data collection and availability, as well as innovative methodological approaches that give valuable insights into how efficiently health care is delivered - Our simple analytical framework can facilitate the development and interpretation of efficiency indicators.
Download or read book Cost Benefit Analysis written by Anthony E. Boardman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-19 with total page 605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and authoritative introduction to cost-benefit analysis that aims to be readable and user-friendly.
Download or read book Cost benefit Analysis written by P. Richard G. Layard and published by Harmondsworth : Penguin. This book was released on 1972 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fully revised second edition covers all the main problems that arise in a typical cost-benefit exercise. Copyright © Libri GmbH. All rights reserved.
