Download or read book Macroeconomic Effects of Co2 Emission Limits written by ZhongXiang Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study analyzes the macroeconomic effects of abating China's CO2 emissions by using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model of the Chinese economy. The baseline scenario for the Chinese economy is first developed. Next, we analyze the economic implications of two less restrictive scenarios under which China's CO2 emissions in 2010 are cut by 20% and 30% relative to the baseline. Then, we calculate the efficiency gains of four indirect tax offset scenarios relative to the two tax retention scenarios. Furthermore, we compare our results with those from GLOBAL 2100 and GREEN. Such a comparison shows that the carbon taxes required in China are much lower than those for both industrialized countries and the world average in order to achieve the same percentage of emission reductions relative to the baseline. This points to opportunities for clean development projects jointly implemented between industrialized countries and China.
Download or read book The Economics of Climate Change Policies written by Rainer Walz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-27 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In its latest Assessment Report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) projects that without further action the global average surface t- perature would rise by a further 1. 8–4. 0°C until the end of this century. But even if the rise in temperature could be limited to the lower end of this range, irreversible and possibly catastrophic changes are likely to occur. Consequently, the protection of the earth’s atmosphere requires substantial efforts to reduce CO and other green- 2 house gas emissions – especially in countries with very high per capita emissions. To limit the imminent rise in temperature, in the Kyoto-Protocol, the European Union has committed itself to reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases by 8% up to 2008–2012 compared to 1990 levels. Within the EU burden sharing agr- ment, some countries have to achieve even higher emissions reductions. Germany was assigned a reduction target of 21%. The entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol in February 2005 marks a first step towards meting global climate targets, but more ambitious action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is needed after 2012, when the Kyoto targets expire. Under German presidency, the EU has committed itself to unilaterally reduce its greenhouse gas emissions until 2020 by 20%. In case a Post- Kyoto agreement can be reached, the EU reduction target would be 30% (CEU, 2007).
Download or read book Buying Greenhouse Insurance written by Alan Sussmann Manne and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: , Buying Greenhouse Insurance outlines a way to think about greenhouse-effect decisions under uncertainty. It describes an insightful model for determining the economic costs of limiting carbon dioxide emissions produced by burning fossil fuels and provides a solid analytical base for rethinking public policy on the farreaching issue of global warming. In recent years a growing concern that the increasing accumulation of greenhouse gases will lead to undesirable changes in global climate has resulted in a number of proposals, both in the United States and internationally, to set physical targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. But what will these proposals cost? Based on the authors' earlier ground-breaking work, Buying Greenhouse Insurance outlines a way to think about greenhouse-effect decisions under uncertainty. It describes an insightful model for determining the economic costs of limiting carbon dioxide emissions produced by burning fossil fuels and provides a solid analytical base for rethinking public policy on the farreaching issue of global warming. Manne and Richels present region-by-region estimates of the costs that would underlie an international agreement. Using a computer model known as Global 2100, they analyze the economic impacts of limiting C02 emissions under alternative supply and conservation scenarios. The results clearly indicate that a reduction in emissions is not the sole policy response to potential climate change. Following a summary of the greenhouse effect, its likely causes, and possible consequences, Manne and Richels take up issues that concern the public at large. They provide an overview of Global 2100, look at how the U.S. energy sector is likely to evolve under businessas-usual conditions and under carbon constraints, and describe the concept of "greenhouse insurance." They consider possible global agreements, including an estimate of benefits that might result from trading in an international market in emission rights. They conclude with a technical description directed toward modeling specialists.
Download or read book Carbon Taxes written by Mr.Ved P. Gandhi and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-05-01 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The carbon tax is a major instrument for curbing greenhouse gas emissions that cause global warming. Yet its adoption has been limited because of concerns over its effects on economic growth, income distribution, and international competitiveness. The paper shows that policymakers can minimize the effects of the tax on economic growth through an efficient recycling of tax revenues and on equity through the adoption of appropriate mitigating or compensating measures. To eliminate the worry about the loss of competitiveness, the paper suggests an international agreement on a coordinated adoption of the tax.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Macroeconomics of Global Warming written by Lucas Bernard and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-11-20 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first World Climate Conference, which was sponsored by the World Meteorological Organization in Genève in 1979, triggered an international dialogue on global warming. From the 1997 United Nations-sponsored conference-during which the Kyoto Protocol was signed-through meetings in Copenhagen, Cancún, Durban, and most recently Doha (2012) and Warsaw (2013), worldwide attention to the issue of global warming and its impact on the world's economy has rapidly increased in intensity. The consensus of these debates and discussions, however, is less than clear. Optimistically, many geoscience researchers and members of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have supported CO2 emission reduction pledges while maintaining that a 2°C limit in increased temperature by the year 2100 is achievable through international coordination. Other observers postulate that established CO2 reduction commitments such as those agreed to at the Copenhagen United Nations Climate Change Conference (2009) are insufficient and cannot hold the global warming increase below 2°C. As experts theorize on precisely what impact global warming will have, developing nations have become particularly alarmed. The developed world will use energy to mitigate global warming effects, but developing countries are more exposed by geography and poverty to the most dangerous consequences of a global temperature rise and lack the economic means to adapt. The complex dynamics that result from this confluence of science and geopolitics gives rise to even more complicated issues for economists, financial planners, business leaders, and policy-makers. The Oxford Handbook of the Macroeconomics of Global Warming analyzes the economic impact of issues related to and resulting from global warming, specifically the implications of possible preventative measures, various policy changes, and adaptation efforts as well as the different consequences climate change will have on both developing and developed nations. This multi-disciplinary approach, which touches on issues of growth, employment, and development, elucidates for readers state-of-the-art research on the complex and far-reaching problem of global warming.
Download or read book The Economics of Energy Policy in China written by ZhongXiang Zhang and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various economic models are used in analyzing cost estimates for limiting carbon dioxide emissions, including an input-output approach, dynamic optimization and a computable general equilibrium approach. Topics include strategies for responding to climate change, policy instruments to control carbon dioxide emissions, the Chinese energy system, possible sectoral and macroeconomic effects of limiting carbon dioxide emissions, and the effects of recycling carbon tax revenues and compliance with carbon dioxide limits in China's power industry. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Emission Limits written by Henry D. Jacoby and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Policies under consideration within the Climate Convention would impose CO2 controls on only a subset of nations. A model of economic growth and emissions, coupled to an analysis of the climate system, is used to explore the consequences of a sample proposal of this type. The results show how economic burdens are likely to be distributed among nations, how carbon "leakage" may counteract the reductions attained, and how policy costs may be influenced by emissions trading. We explore the sensitivity of results to uncertainty in key underlying assumptions, including the influence on economic impacts and on the policy contribution to long-term climate goals.
Download or read book The Macroeconomics of Decarbonisation written by Grégory Claeys and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-02-08 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decarbonisation is the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions using low carbon power sources, lowering output of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. This is essential to meet global temperature standards set by international climate agreements. To limit global warming to 1.5°C, hence avoiding the worst-case scenarios predicted by climate science, the world economy must rapidly reduce its emissions and reach climate neutrality within the next three decades. This will not be an easy journey. Shifting away from carbon-intensive production will require a historic transformation of the structure of our economies. Written by a team of academics linked to the European think tank Bruegel, The Macroeconomics of Decarbonisation provides a guide to the macroeconomic fundamentals of decarbonisation. It identifies the major economic transformations, both over the long- and short-run, and the roadblocks requiring policy intervention. It proposes a macroeconomic policy agenda for decarbonisation to achieve the climate goals of the international community.
Download or read book Macroeconomic and Financial Policies for Climate Change Mitigation A Review of the Literature written by Signe Krogstrup and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-09-04 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of this century. Mitigation requires a large-scale transition to a low-carbon economy. This paper provides an overview of the rapidly growing literature on the role of macroeconomic and financial policy tools in enabling this transition. The literature provides a menu of policy tools for mitigation. A key conclusion is that fiscal tools are first in line and central, but can and may need to be complemented by financial and monetary policy instruments. Some tools and policies raise unanswered questions about policy tool assignment and mandates, which we describe. The literature is scarce, however, on the most effective policy mix and the role of mitigation tools and goals in the overall policy framework.
Download or read book Economic Policy and Climate Change written by Paul Koutstaal and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the media spotlight on global warming and El Nino, Koutstaal (Netherlands Energy Research Foundation ECN) presents a timely, data-based model of the economic impact of climate change. He advocates an international strategy of employing economic leverage to limit the 25% increase in CO2, the main greenhouse gas, since the mid-18th century. While research on the economic instrument of tradable emission permits (TCPs) is presented here, the salient focus is on designing a viable system of TCPs, and comparing the environmental/economic consequences of such a system simulation with other options (e.g. taxes). Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Economic Approaches to Cost Estimates for the Control of Carbon Dioxide Emissions written by ZhongXiang Zhang and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CO2 Emission Limits written by Alan Sussmann Manne and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book How Much Does a 30 Emission Reduction Cost written by Johannes Bollen and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A CO2 Emission Trading Scheme for German Road Transport written by Patrick Jochem and published by Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft. This book was released on 2009 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attempting to counter the possible impacts of global warming, the European Union has promised to reduce its carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 8% until 2010, compared to 1990. Although it is the only sector which increases its CO2 emissions, the transport sector, which contributes to around 28% of European CO2 emissions, has been exempted from the European Emission Trading Scheme (ETS). This dissertation develops a partial meso-economic simulation model with multi-agent attributes to assess the impacts of an upstream CO2 emission trading scheme in German road transport. The effects on certificate prices and fuel demand are calculated with respect to the individual reaction functions of households and freight forwarders. It becomes apparent that, from the current perspective, the willingness-to-pay of households for prestigious (but fuel-inefficient) cars is outbalanced by technical mitigation costs in other sectors. Thus, in the open trading scheme (extended ETS), no major changes in transport demand are assumed. The main effect will be steady CO2 emissions in road transport, but high payments to other sectors for mitigation. Macroeconomic impacts complete the analysis. Dissertation.
Download or read book The Economics of Climate Change written by Robert Shackleton and published by Congressional Budget Office. This book was released on 2003 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) study--prepared at the request of the Ranking Member of the House Committee on Science--presents an overview of issues related to climate change, focusing primarily on its economic aspects. The study draws from numerous published sources to summarize the current state of climate science and provide a conceptual framework for addressing climate change as an economic problem. It also examines public policy options and discusses the potential complications and benefits of international coordination. In keeping with CBO's mandate to provide impartial analysis, the study makes no recommendations.
Download or read book The Economics of Limiting CO2 Emissions written by Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs and published by Bernan Press(PA). This book was released on 1992 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Weather Shocks on Economic Activity What are the Channels of Impact written by Mr.Sebastian Acevedo Mejia and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-06-13 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global temperatures have increased at an unprecedented pace in the past 40 years. This paper finds that increases in temperature have uneven macroeconomic effects, with adverse consequences concentrated in countries with hot climates, such as most low-income countries. In these countries, a rise in temperature lowers per capita output, in both the short and medium term, through a wide array of channels: reduced agricultural output, suppressed productivity of workers exposed to heat, slower investment, and poorer health. In an unmitigated climate change scenario, and under very conservative assumptions, model simulations suggest the projected rise in temperature would imply a loss of around 9 percent of output for a representative low-income country by 2100.
