Download or read book Machine Learning in Passive Ocean Acoustics for Localizing and Characterizing Events written by Emma Ozanich and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Passive acoustics, or the recording of pressure signals from uncontrolled sound sources, is a powerful tool for monitoring man-made and natural sounds in the ocean. Passive acoustics can be used to detect changes in physical processes within the environment, study behavior and movement of marine animals, or observe presence and motion of ocean vessels and vehicles. Advances in ocean instrumentation and data storage have improved the availability and quality of ambient noise recordings, but there is an ongoing effort to improve signal processing algorithms for extracting useful information from the ambient noise. This dissertation uses machine learning as a framework to address problems in underwater passive acoustic signal processing. Statistical learning has been used for decades, but machine learning has recently gained popularity due to the exponential growth of data and its ability to capitalize on these data with efficient GPU computation. The chapters within this dissertation cover two types of problems: characterization and classification of ambient noise, and localization of passive acoustic sources. First, ambient noise in the eastern Arctic was studied from April to September 2013 using a vertical hydrophone array as it drifted from near the North Pole to north of Fram Strait. Median power spectral estimates and empirical probability density functions (PDFs) along the array transit show a change in the ambient noise levels corresponding to seismic survey airgun occurrence and received level at low frequencies and transient ice noises at high frequencies. Noise contributors were manually identified and included broadband and tonal ice noises, bowhead whale calling, seismic airgun surveys, and earthquake T phases. The bowhead whale or whales detected were believed to belong to the endangered Spitsbergen population and were recorded when the array was as far north as 86°24'N. Then, ambient noise recorded in a Hawaiian coral reef was analyzed for classification of whale song and fish calls. Using automatically detected acoustic events, two clustering processes were proposed: clustering handpicked acoustic metrics using unsupervised methods, and deep embedded clustering (DEC) to learn latent features and clusters from fixed-length power spectrograms. When compared on simulated signals of fish calls and whale song, the unsupervised clustering methods were confounded by overlap in the handpicked features while DEC identified clusters with fish calls, whale song, and events with simultaneous fish calls and whale song. Both clustering approaches were applied to recordings from directional autonomous seafloor acoustic recorder (DASAR) sensors on a Hawaiian coral reef in February 2020. Next, source localization in ocean acoustics was posed as a machine learning problem in which data-driven methods learned source ranges or direction-of-arrival directly from observed acoustic data. The pressure received by a vertical linear array was preprocessed by constructing a normalized sample covariance matrix (SCM) and used as the input for three machine learning methods: feed-forward neural networks (FNN), support vector machines (SVM) and random forests (RF). The FNN, SVM, RF and conventional matched-field processing were applied to recordings from ships in the Noise09 experiment to demonstrate the potential of machine learning for underwater source localization. The source localization problem was extended by examining the relationship between conventional beamforming and linear supervised learning. Then, a nonlinear deep feedforward neural network (FNN) was developed for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for two-source DOA and for K-source DOA, where K is unknown. With multiple snapshots, K-source FNN achieved resolution and accuracy similar to Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) and SBL for an unknown number of sources. The practicality of the deep FNN model was demonstrated on ships in the Swellex96 experimental data.
Download or read book ON ICE DETECTION CLASSIFICATION LOCALIZATION AND TRACKING OF ANTHROPOGENIC ACOUSTIC SOURCES WITH MACHINE LEARNING written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Arctic acoustics have been of concern in recent years for the US navy. First-year ice is now the prevalent factor in ice coverage in the Arctic, which changes the previously understood acoustic properties. Due to the ice melting each year, anthropogenic sources in the Arctic region are more common: military exercises, shipping, and tourism. For the navy, it is of interest to detect, classify, localize, and track these sources to have situational awareness of these surroundings. Because the sources are on-water or on-ice, acoustic radiation propagates at a longer distance and so acoustics are the method by which the sources are detected, classified, localized, and tracked. These methods are all part of sound navigation and ranging (SONAR). This dissertation describes algorithms which will better SONAR results without modification of the sensors or the environment and the process by which to arrive to this point. The focus is to use supervised machine learning algorithms to facilitate such technological enhancements. Specifically, neural networks analyze labeled experimental data from a first-year, shore-fast, shallow and narrow water environment. The experiments were conducted over the span of three years from 2019 to 2022, mostly during the months from January to March where ice formed over the Keweenaw Waterway at the Michigan Technological University. All experiments were conducted to analyze a passive acoustic source; that is, the source was non-cooperative and did not send any localizing pings for active SONAR. The experiments were recorded using an underwater pa-type acoustic vector sensor (AVS). The data and analysis were done intermittently to update any upcoming experiments with discrepancies found in the analysis to create a more generalized algorithm. The work in this dissertation focuses on two topics for passive SONAR: localization and classification. Because of the ``black box" nature in machine learning, tracking the target source is an extension of localization and thought of as the same goal within machine learning. To introduce and verify the complexity of the testing environment, an underwater acoustic simulation is shown with Ray tracing and bathymetry data to compare with the experimental results used in machine learning. The focus of the algorithms is to produce the best results for the experiments and compare the results with traditional methods, such as a simulation or a linear Gaussian localization with a Kalman filter. Experiments studying neural network types have shown that the Vision Transformer (ViT) produces excellent results. The ViT is capable of analyzing acoustic intensity azimuthal spectrogram (azigram) data and localizing a moving target at high accuracy, and the ViT is capable of classifying multiple acoustic sources with the acoustic intensity magnitude spectrogram at high accuracy as well.
Download or read book The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life written by Arthur N. Popper and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024-10-28 with total page 2138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this landmark new work, the major authorities in the field from around the world present a wealth of research data, coverage of regulatory issues, and thinking about the effects of man-made noise on marine mammals, turtles, amphibians, fishes, and invertebrates. The various themes of the book were chosen to cover the wide range of basic and cutting edge information on this topic. They include the hearing abilities of aquatic animals; communication by means of underwater sound; the description of aquatic soundscapes; different sound sources and their characteristics; the effects of sound on behavior; and assessing, mitigating, and monitoring the effects of aquatic noise. Emphasis is on the cross-fertilization of ideas and findings across species and noise sources. With over 140 contributions from leading researchers, the sources of underwater sound and their effects are discussed in detail.
Download or read book Model based Ocean Acoustic Passive Localization written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The discovery of the unknown planet The ocean written by Paolo Favali and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-07-24 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Cetaceans written by Walter M. X. Zimmer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-21 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Passive acoustic monitoring is increasingly used by the scientific community to study, survey and census marine mammals, especially cetaceans, many of which are easier to hear than to see. PAM is also used to support efforts to mitigate potential negative effects of human activities such as ship traffic, military and civilian sonar and offshore exploration. Walter Zimmer provides an integrated approach to PAM, combining physical principles, discussion of technical tools and application-oriented concepts of operations. Additionally, relevant information and tools necessary to assess existing and future PAM systems are presented, with Matlab code used to generate figures and results so readers can reproduce data and modify code to analyse the impact of changes. This allows the principles to be studied whilst discovering potential difficulties and side effects. Aimed at graduate students and researchers, the book provides all information and tools necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding of this interdisciplinary subject.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book PRL TR written by and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fish Bioacoustics written by Jacqueline F. Webb and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-22 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new definitive volume on fish auditory systems will interest investigators in both basic research of fish bioacoustics as well as investigators in applied aspects of fisheries and resource management. Topics cover structure, physiology, localization, and acoustic behavior as well as more applied topics such as using sound to detect and locate fish.
Download or read book Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing written by Douglas A. Abraham and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive coverage of the detection and processing of signals in underwater acoustics. Background material on active and passive sonar systems, underwater acoustics, and statistical signal processing makes the book a self-contained and valuable resource for graduate students, researchers, and active practitioners alike. Signal detection topics span a range of common signal types including signals of known form such as active sonar or communications signals; signals of unknown form, including passive sonar and narrowband signals; and transient signals such as marine mammal vocalizations. This text, along with its companion volume on beamforming, provides a thorough treatment of underwater acoustic signal processing that speaks to its author’s broad experience in the field.
Download or read book Hearing by Whales and Dolphins written by Whitlow W.L. Au and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here, experts in different areas of the field provide an overview of the bioacoustics of whales and dolphins as well as a thorough introduction to the subject for investigators of hearing in other animals. Topics covered include the structure and function of cetacean auditory systems, the unique sound production system of odontocetes, acoustic communication, psychoacoustics, echolocation and models of sound propagation.
Download or read book ASA S3 SC1 4 TR 2014 Sound Exposure Guidelines for Fishes and Sea Turtles A Technical Report prepared by ANSI Accredited Standards Committee S3 SC1 and registered with ANSI written by Arthur N. Popper and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-07 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Technical Report presents the outcome of a Working Group that was established to determine broadly applicable sound exposure guidelines for fishes and sea turtles. After consideration of the diversity of fish and sea turtles, guidelines were developed for broad groups of animals, defined by the way they detect sound. Different sound sources were considered in terms of their acoustic characteristics and appropriate metrics defined for measurement of the received levels. The resultant sound exposure guidelines are presented in a set of tables. In some cases numerical guidelines are provided, expressed in appropriate metrics. When there were insufficient data to support numerical values, the relative likelihood of effects occurring was evaluated, although the actual likelihood of effects depends on the received level. These sound exposure guidelines, which are based on the best scientific information at the time of writing, should be treated as interim. The expectation is that with more research the guidelines can be refined and more cells in the tables completed. Recommendations are put forward defining the research requirements of highest priority for extending these interim exposure guidelines.
Download or read book Ecoacoustics written by Almo Farina and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-07-24 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sounds produced by geophonic, biophonic and technophonic sources are relevant to the function of natural and human modified ecosystems. Passive recording is one of the most non-invasive technologies as its use avoids human intrusion during acoustic surveys and facilitates the accumulation of huge amounts of acoustical data. For the first time, this book collates and reviews the science behind ecoaucostics; illustrating the principles, methods and applications of this exciting new field. Topics covered in this comprehensive volume include; the assessment of biodiversity based on sounds emanating from a variety of environments the best technologies and methods necessary to investigate environmental sounds implications for climate change and urban systems the relationship between landscape ecology and ecoacoustics the conservation of soundscapes and the social value of ecoacoustics areas of potential future research. An invaluable resource for scholars, researchers and students, Ecoacoustics: The Ecological Role of Sounds provides an unrivalled set of ideas, tools and references based on the current state of the field.
Download or read book OCEANS 2016 MTS IEEE Monterey written by IEEE Staff and published by . This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Marine Technology Scociety and the Oceanic Engineering Society of the IEEE cosponor a joint annual conference and exposition on ocean science, engineering, and policy The OCEANS conference covers four days One day for tutorials and three for approx 500 technical papers and 150 200 exhibits
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Localization Algorithms and Strategies for Wireless Sensor Networks Monitoring and Surveillance Techniques for Target Tracking written by Mao, Guoqiang and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2009-05-31 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wireless localization techniques are an area that has attracted interest from both industry and academia, with self-localization capability providing a highly desirable characteristic of wireless sensor networks. Localization Algorithms and Strategies for Wireless Sensor Networks encompasses the significant and fast growing area of wireless localization techniques. This book provides comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of topics and fundamental theories underpinning measurement techniques and localization algorithms. A useful compilation for academicians, researchers, and practitioners, this Premier Reference Source contains relevant references and the latest studies emerging out of the wireless sensor network field.
Download or read book Polarimetric Radar Imaging written by Jong-Sen Lee and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent launches of three fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) satellites have shown that polarimetric radar imaging can provide abundant data on the Earth’s environment, such as biomass and forest height estimation, snow cover mapping, glacier monitoring, and damage assessment. Written by two of the most recognized leaders in this field, Polarimetric Radar Imaging: From Basics to Applications presents polarimetric radar imaging and processing techniques and shows how to develop remote sensing applications using PolSAR imaging radar. The book provides a substantial and balanced introduction to the basic theory and advanced concepts of polarimetric scattering mechanisms, speckle statistics and speckle filtering, polarimetric information analysis and extraction techniques, and applications typical to radar polarimetric remote sensing. It explains the importance of wave polarization theory and the speckle phenomenon in the information retrieval problem of microwave imaging and inverse scattering. The authors demonstrate how to devise intelligent information extraction algorithms for remote sensing applications. They also describe more advanced polarimetric analysis techniques for polarimetric target decompositions, polarization orientation effects, polarimetric scattering modeling, speckle filtering, terrain and forest classification, manmade target analysis, and PolSAR interferometry. With sample PolSAR data sets and software available for download, this self-contained, hands-on book encourages you to analyze space-borne and airborne PolSAR and polarimetric interferometric SAR (Pol-InSAR) data and then develop applications using this data.
