Download or read book Long term Performance of Geosynthetic Liner Materials in Low level Radioactive Waste Disposal Facilities written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-level radioactive waste (LLW) disposal facilities employ geosynthetic liner materials [e.g., high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane (GM) and geosynthetic clay liner (GCL)] in multilayer barrier systems to control the flux of contaminants into the environment. Long-term durability of geosynthetics in contact with LLW leachate is of particular importance because the design life of LLW barrier systems is commonly 1000 yr. This study focused on antioxidant depletion in 2-mm-thick HDPE GM immersed in synthetic radioactive leachate (RSL) with chemistry representative of leachate in LLW disposal facilities operated by the U.S. Department of Energy's environmental restoration programs. HDPE GMs were immersed in RSL at elevated temperature (25, 50, 70, and 90 °C), and antioxidant depletion rates were measured by oxidation induction time. Based on Arrhenius modeling, results demonstrate that antioxidant depletion time in 2-mm-thick HDPE GM is approximately 649 yr if correlated to an average field temperature of 15 °C. In separate experimentation, the radiation (e.g., alpha and beta) from LLW leachate had a negligible effect on antioxidant depletion in HDPE GM due to low dosage (2.3 Gy) over the 1000-yr service life and the surface effect of alpha and beta radiation on GM. This study also evaluated hydraulic conductivity of two conventional sodium-bentonite (CS and GS) and six polymer-bentonite (CPL, GPL, GPM, CPM, GPH, and BPC) GCLs permeated with RSL. In situ conditions were simulated with an elevated stress level to mimic a waste body mass and prehydration of GCLs from subgrade soil. For the CS, GS, CPL, GPL, and GPM GCLs, the hydraulic conductivity permeated with RSL gradually increased by a factor of 5-25 times, with final hydraulic conductivities ranging from 1.3 x 10-10 to 7.5 x 10-10 m/s at 20 kPa effective stress. In contrast, hydraulic conductivity of the CPM, GPH, and BPC GCLs were very low to RSL ([approx. equal to] 3 x 10-12 to 8 x 10-12 m/s) due to polymer hydrogel blocking. Increasing the confining stress from 20 kPa to 450 kPa reduced the hydraulic conductivity of CS GCL by approximately two orders of magnitude and eliminated preferential flow for CS GCL hydrated on a subgrade prior to permeation.
Download or read book An Evaluation of Long Term Performance of Liner Systems for Low Level Waste Disposal Facilities written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional liner systems consisting of a geosynthetic membrane underlying a waste disposal facility coupled with a leachate collection system have been proposed as a means of containing releases of low-level radioactive waste within the confines of the disposal facility and thereby eliminating migration of radionuclides into the vadose zone and groundwater. However, this type of hydraulic containment liner system is only effective as long as the leachate collection system remains functional or an overlying cover limits the total infiltration to the volumetric pore space of the disposal system. If either the leachate collection system fails, or the overlying cover becomes less effective during the 1,000's of years of facility lifetime, the liner may fill with water and release contaminated water in a preferential or focused manner. If the height of the liner extends above the waste, the waste will become submerged which could increase the release rate and concentration of the leachate. If the liner extends near land surface, there is the potential for contamination reaching land surface creating a direct exposure pathway. Alternative protective liner systems can be engineered that eliminate radionuclide releases to the vadose zone during operations and minimizing long term migration of radionuclides from the disposal facility into the vadose zone and aquifer. Non-traditional systems include waste containerization in steel or composite materials. This type of system would promote drainage of clean infiltrating water through the facility without contacting the waste. Other alternatives include geochemical barriers designed to transmit water while adsorbing radionuclides beneath the facility. Facility performance for a hypothetical disposal facility has been compared for the hydraulic and steel containerization liner alternatives. Results were compared in terms of meeting the DOE Order 435.1 low-level waste performance objective of 25 mrem/yr all-pathways dose during the 1) institutional control period (0-100 years), compliance period (0-1000 years) and post-compliance period (>1000 years). Evaluation of the all pathway dose included the dose from ingestion and irrigation of contaminated groundwater extracted from a well 100 meters downgradient, in addition to the dose received from direct contact of radionuclides deposited near the surface resulting from facility overflow. Depending on the disposal facility radionuclide inventory, facility design, cover performance, and the location and environment where the facility is situated, the dose from exposure via direct contact of near surface deposited radionuclides can be much greater than the dose received via transport to the groundwater and subsequent ingestion.
Download or read book Assessment of the Performance of Engineered Waste Containment Barriers written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-09-22 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: President Carter's 1980 declaration of a state of emergency at Love Canal, New York, recognized that residents' health had been affected by nearby chemical waste sites. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, enacted in 1976, ushered in a new era of waste management disposal designed to protect the public from harm. It required that modern waste containment systems use "engineered" barriers designed to isolate hazardous and toxic wastes and prevent them from seeping into the environment. These containment systems are now employed at thousands of waste sites around the United States, and their effectiveness must be continually monitored. Assessment of the Performance of Engineered Waste Containment Barriers assesses the performance of waste containment barriers to date. Existing data suggest that waste containment systems with liners and covers, when constructed and maintained in accordance with current regulations, are performing well thus far. However, they have not been in existence long enough to assess long-term (postclosure) performance, which may extend for hundreds of years. The book makes recommendations on how to improve future assessments and increase confidence in predictions of barrier system performance which will be of interest to policy makers, environmental interest groups, industrial waste producers, and industrial waste management industry.
Download or read book Durability and Aging of Geosynthetics written by Robert M. Koerner and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1989 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geosynthetic Clay Liners for Waste Containment Facilities written by Abdelmalek Bouazza and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-11-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasingly stringent regulation of pollution and waste production worldwide drives the need to isolate contaminants that pose a threat to human and environmental health by using engineered barrier systems involving the use of low permeable materials. Over the past two decades, geosynthetic clay liners have gained widespread acceptance for use in such barrier systems. They are often used as a component of primary and secondary base liners or final cover systems in municipal solid-waste landfills as well as in regulated industrial storage and mining waste-disposal facilities. This book gives a comprehensive and authoritative review of the current state of practice on geosynthetic clay liners in waste containments. It provides an insight into individual materials (bentonite and the associated geosynthetics) and the manufacturing processes. This is followed by the coverage of important topics such as hydraulic conductivity, chemical compatibility, contaminant transport, gas migration, shear strength and slope stability, and field performance.
Download or read book Solid Waste Landfilling written by Raffaello Cossu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 1190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid Waste Landfilling: Concepts, Processes, Technology provides information on technologies that promote stabilization and minimize environmental impacts in landfills. As the main challenges in waste management are the reduction and proper treatment of waste and the appropriate use of waste streams, the book satisfies the needs of a modern landfill, covering waste pre-treatment, in situ treatment, long-term behavior, closure, aftercare, environmental impact and sustainability. It is written for practitioners who need specific information on landfill construction and operation, but is also ideal for those concerned about the possible return of these sites to landscapes and their subsequent uses for future generations. Includes input by international contributors from a vast number of disciplines Provides worldwide approaches and technologies Showcases the interdisciplinary nature of the topic Focuses on sustainability, covering the lifecycle of landfills under the concept of minimizing environmental impact Presents knowledge of the legal framework and economic aspects of landfilling
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of Geotechnical Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geosynthetic Testing for Waste Containment Applications written by Robert M. Koerner and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1990 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains papers presented at the symposium of the same name held in Las Vegas, January 1990. Examines the selection, testing, design, and use of geosynthetics. Topics include chemical resistance of geomembranes, test methods and procedures to evaluate geomembranes, and performance behavior of geosyn
Download or read book Sorbents Materials for Controlling Environmental Pollution written by Avelino Nunez-Delgado and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-02-16 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorbents Materials for Controlling Environmental Pollution: Current State and Trends presents data on current use and future trends regarding sorbent materials employed against soil, water, and air pollution. The book is organized first by use and research for a variety of geographic areas. It will then focus on different sorbent materials and their uses, followed by various pollutants and their management. Including updated and extensive data from an assortment of sources, the book is organized to be very accessible, including with an interactive table to help identify the results of appropriate sorbents for each environmental compartment. The growing concern regarding soil, water and air pollution all over the world has implications for climate change and sustainability, making Sorbents Materials for Controlling Environmental Pollution: Current State and Trends an important reference for environmental scientists to identify tools for moving forward in solving these problems. Includes data and examples from various geographic locations worldwide Synthesizes data for a variety of sorbent material from different sources Presents data for various kinds of pollutants across environmental spheres, including soil, water, and air Utilizes an interactive table for quicker access to data and results
Download or read book Long term Hydraulic Performance of Geosynthetic Clay Liners Subjected to Inorganic Salt Solutions written by Jae-Myung Lee and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 2762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geotechnical Practice for Waste Disposal written by D.E. Daniel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earth scientists and geotechnical engineers are increasingly challenged to solve environmental problems related to waste disposal facilities and cleanup of contaminated sites. The effort has given rise to a new discipline of specialists in the field of environmental geotechnology. To be effective, environmental geotechnologists must not only be armed with the traditional knowledge of fields such as geology and civil engineering, but also be knowledgeable of principles of hydrogeology, chemistry, and biological processes. In addition, the environmental geotechnologist must be completely up to date on the often complex cadre of local and national regulations, must comprehend the often complex legal issues and sometimes mind-boggling financial impli cations of a project, and must be able to communicate effectively with a host of other technical specialists, regulatory officials, attorneys, local land owners, journalists, and others. The field of environmental geo technology will no doubt continue to offer unique challenges. The purpose of this book is to summarize the current state of practice in the field of environmental geotechnology. Part One covers broadly applicable principles such as hydrogeology, geochemistry, and con taminant transport in soil and rock. Part Two describes in detail the underlying principles for design and construction of new waste disposal facilities. Part Three covers techniques for site remediation. Finally, Part Four addresses the methodologies for monitoring. The topics of 'waste disposal' and 'site remediation' are extra ordinarily broad.
Download or read book Recommendations to the NRC for Soil Cover Systems Over Uranium Mill Tailings and Low level Radioactive Wastes written by Robert D. Bennett and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lining of Waste Impoundment and Disposal Facilities written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EPA Publications Bibliography written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Geoenvironmental Engineering written by Abdel-Mohsen O. Mohamed and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2017-10-31 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Geoenvironmental Engineering: Understanding Soil, Water, and Pollutant Interaction and Transport examines soil-water-pollutant interaction, including physico-chemical processes that occur when soil is exposed to various contaminants. Soil characteristics relevant to remedial techniques are explored, providing foundations for the correct process selection. Built upon the authors' extensive experience in research and practice, the book updates and expands the content to include current processes and pollutants. The book discusses propagation of soil pollution and soil characteristics relevant to remedial techniques. Practicing geotechnical and environmental engineers can apply the theory and case studies in the book directly to current projects. The book first discusses the stages of economic development and their connections to the sustainability of the environment. Subsequent chapters cover waste and its management, soil systems, soil-water and soil-pollutant interactions, subsurface transport of pollutants, role of groundwater, nano-, micro- and biologic pollutants, soil characteristics that impact pollution diffusion, and potential remediation processes like mechanical, electric, magnetic, hydraulic and dielectric permittivity of soils. Presents a clear understanding of the propagation of pollutants in soils Identifies the physico-chemical processes in soils Covers emerging pollutants (nano-, micro- and biologic contaminants) Features in-depth coverage of hydraulic, electrical, magnetic and dielectric permittivity characteristics of soils and their impact on remedial technologies
