Download or read book Logics of Hierarchy written by Alexander Cooley and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2012-12-15 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Political science has had trouble generating models that unify the study of the formation and consolidation of various types of states and empires. The business-administration literature, however, has long experience in observing organizations. According to a dominant model in this field, business firms generally take one of two forms: unitary (U) or multidivisional (M). The U-form organizes its various elements along the lines of administrative functions, whereas the M-form governs its periphery according to geography and territory. In Logics of Hierarchy, Alexander Cooley applies this model to political hierarchies across different cultures, geographical settings, and historical eras to explain a variety of seemingly disparate processes: state formation, imperial governance, and territorial occupation. Cooley illustrates the power of this formal distinction with detailed accounts of the experiences of Central Asian republics in the Soviet and post-Soviet eras, and compares them to developments in the former Yugoslavia, the governance of modern European empires, Korea during and after Japanese occupation, and the recent U.S. occupation of Iraq. In applying this model, Logics of Hierarchy reveals the varying organizational ability of powerful states to promote institutional transformation in their political peripheries and the consequences of these formations in determining pathways of postimperial extrication and state-building. Its focus on the common organizational problems of hierarchical polities challenges much of the received wisdom about imperialism and postimperialism.
Download or read book Recursion Theoretic Hierarchies written by Peter G. Hinman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theory set out in this book results from the meeting of descriptive set theory and recursion theory.
Download or read book Alternatives to hierarchies written by Ph.G. Herbst and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Giving on occasions a talk on the subject of this book, one of the queries raised was, 'surely, what you mean are flat hierarchies'. This, I think, gives an indication of how difficult it can be to conceive of organizations which do not have a hierarchical structure. A rather similar response was obtained when, in the 1950's, an account was given to a manager of the British Coal Board of an autonomous composite team of more than 40 miners, who had taken over complete responsibility for a three-shift cycle, and divided the income obtained among themselves. His comment was that this could not possibly work. The new mode of work organization which had been evolved by the miners in several pits in the Durham coal fields was, at the time, well ahead of the prevailing concepts and philosophy of both management and the Trade Union. It did not help matters very much that the detailed accounts were presented in an academic and scientific form (Trist et aI. , 1963; Herbst, 1962). I think that we felt that all the backing of systematic research and data analysis would be needed to present the case for modes of organization, which deviated from conventional practice. However, something was learned from this experience. When at the beginning of the 1960's the Norwegian Work Democratization Project was started, a number of demonstration sites were set up which people could look at, and which could function as centers for diffusion.
Download or read book The Logic of Social Hierarchies written by Edward O. Laumann and published by Markham. This book was released on 1970 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Computable Structures and the Hyperarithmetical Hierarchy written by C.J. Ash and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-06-16 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes a program of research in computable structure theory. The goal is to find definability conditions corresponding to bounds on complexity which persist under isomorphism. The results apply to familiar kinds of structures (groups, fields, vector spaces, linear orderings Boolean algebras, Abelian p-groups, models of arithmetic). There are many interesting results already, but there are also many natural questions still to be answered. The book is self-contained in that it includes necessary background material from recursion theory (ordinal notations, the hyperarithmetical hierarchy) and model theory (infinitary formulas, consistency properties).
Download or read book Hierarchy in Natural and Social Sciences written by Denise Pumain and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-09 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hierarchy is a form of organisation of complex systems that rely on or produce a strong differentiation in capacity (power and size) between the parts of the system. It is frequently observed within the natural living world as well as in social institutions. According to the authors, hierarchy results from random processes, follows an intentional design, or is the result of the organisation which ensures an optimal circulation of energy for information. This book reviews ancient and modern representations and explanations of hierarchies, and compares their relevance in a variety of fields, such as language, societies, cities, and living species. It throws light on concepts and models such as scaling laws, fractals and self-organisation that are fundamental in the dynamics and morphology of complex systems. At a time when networks are celebrated for their efficiency, flexibility and better social acceptance, much can be learned about the persistent universality and adaptability of hierarchies, and from the analogies and differences between biological and social organisation and processes. This book addresses a wide audience of biologists and social scientists, as well as managers and executives in a variety of institutions.
Download or read book A Framework for Part of Hierarchies in Terminological Logics written by Lin Padgham and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "There is a growing recognition that part-whole hierarchies are a very general form of representation, widely used by humans in commonsense reasoning. This paper develops a terminological logic, and related inference mechanisms for representing and reasoning about composite concepts and individuals. A basic terminological logic language is extended with constructs for describing composite concepts in terms of their parts and the relationships between them. A part-of hierarchy is defined, based on the relationship of compositional inclusion. This part-of hierarchy is analogous to, but different from, the 'is-a' hierarchy. Compositional inferencing is defined as a process which infers the existence of a whole, based on the existence of the required parts, where the parts are in the necessary relationship to each other. Three stable states are defined with respect to compositional inferencing -- compositional extensions, credulous compositional extensions and skeptical compositional conclusions. This framework significantly enhances and is complementary to, knowledge representation and reasoning based on is-a hierarchies."
Download or read book Great Powers and International Hierarchy written by Daniel McCormack and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hierarchical relationships—rules that structure both international and domestic politics—are pervasive. Yet we know little about how these relationships are constructed, maintained, and dismantled. This book fills this lacuna through a two-pronged research approach: first, it discusses how great power negotiations over international political settlements both respond to domestic politics within weak states and structure the specific forms that hierarchy takes. Second, it deduces three sets of hypotheses about hierarchy maintenance, construction, and collapse during the post-war era. By offering a coherent theoretical model of hierarchical politics within weaker states, the author is able to answer a number of important questions, including: Why does the United States often ally with autocratic states even though its most enduring relationships are with democracies? Why do autocratic hierarchical relationships require interstate coercion? Why do some hierarchies end violently and others peacefully? Why does hierarchical competition sometimes lead to interstate conflict and sometimes to civil conflict?
Download or read book Between Hierarchies and Markets written by Grahame Thompson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2003 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book conducts a survey into the ways in which the word 'network' has been deployed in a wide range of literature. In particular, it offers a commentary on how the idea of networks has been to illustrate contemporary forms of socio-economic organization (as well the idea of a 'network society' or a 'network state', for instance), broadly conceived to also include the political aspects of networks."--BOOK JACKET. Book jacket.
Download or read book The Prefix Hierarchy of First order Logic written by Dale Wayne Myers and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Markets from Culture written by Patricia H. Thornton and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Institutional logics, the underlying governing principles of societal sectors, strongly influence organizational decision making. Any shift in institutional logics results in a similar shift in attention to alternative problems and solutions and in new determinants for executive decisions. Examining changes in institutional logics in higher-education publishing, this book links cultural analysis with organizational decision making to develop a theory of attention and explain how executives concentrate on certain market characteristics to the exclusion of others. Analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data from the 1950s to the 1990s, the author shows how higher education publishing moved from a culture of independent domestic publishers focused on creating markets for books based on personal, relational networks to a culture of international conglomerates that create markets from corporate hierarchies. This book offers broader lessons beyond publishing--its theory is applicable to explaining institutional changes in organizational leadership, strategy, and structure occurring in all professional services industries.
Download or read book Hierarchies in World Politics written by Ayşe Zarakol and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-07 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book showcases the best new international relations research on hierarchy and moves the discipline forward in this new direction.
Download or read book Hierarchy written by T. F. H. Allen and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-11-15 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although complexity surrounds us, its inherent uncertainty, ambiguity, and contradiction can at first make complex systems appear inscrutable. Ecosystems, for instance, are nonlinear, self-organizing, seemingly chaotic structures in which individuals interact both with each other and with the myriad biotic and abiotic components of their surroundings across geographies as well as spatial and temporal scales. In the face of such complexity, ecologists have long sought tools to streamline and aggregate information. Among them, in the 1980s, T. F. H. Allen and Thomas B. Starr implemented a burgeoning concept from business administration: hierarchy theory. Cutting-edge when Hierarchy was first published, their approach to unraveling complexity is now integrated into mainstream ecological thought. This thoroughly revised and expanded second edition of Hierarchy reflects the assimilation of hierarchy theory into ecological research, its successful application to the understanding of complex systems, and the many developments in thought since. Because hierarchies and levels are habitual parts of human thinking, hierarchy theory has proven to be the most intuitive and tractable vehicle for addressing complexity. By allowing researchers to look explicitly at only the entities and interconnections that are relevant to a specific research question, hierarchically informed data analysis has enabled a revolution in ecological understanding. With this new edition of Hierarchy, that revolution continues.
Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Institutionalism written by Royston Greenwood and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2017-05-01 with total page 1518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Institutionalism brings together extensive coverage of aspects of Institutional Theory and an array of top academic contributors. Now in its Second Edition, the book has been thoroughly revised and reorganised, with all chapters updated to maintain a mix of theory, how to conduct institutional organizational analysis, and contemporary empirical work. New chapters on Translation, Networks and Institutional Pluralism are included to reflect new directions in the field. The Second Edition has also been reorganized into six parts: Part One: Beginnings (Foundations) Part Two: Organizations and their Contexts Part Three: Institutional Processes Part Four: Conversations Part Five: Consequences Part Six: Reflections
Download or read book Hierarchy written by John Child and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-05-08 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: EURAM's Book of the Year in 2020, Hierarchy takes readers on a journey which traverses how this idea has evolved, is understood in various disciplines, and is applied in practice. Referring a wide range of sources, the book provides an inspirational introduction to understanding what is perhaps the key idea in business and management. As a fundamental organizational principle, hierarchy is everywhere. Perhaps because of its ubiquity, the significance of hierarchy has become under-analyzed in view of the growing strains on society imposed by organizational inequality. This book analyzes the advantages and disadvantages that hierarchy brings as a form of organization, providing an accessible overview of this fundamental idea within both business and society. This concise book provides a useful overview of existing research, for both students and scholars of business.
Download or read book The Org written by Ray Fisman and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-02-22 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We create organizations because we need to get a job done—something we couldn't do alone—and join them because we’re inspired by their missions (and our paycheck). But once we’re inside, these organizations rarely feel inspirational. So where did it all go wrong? In The Org, Ray Fisman and Tim Sullivan explain the tradeoffs that every organization faces, arguing that this everyday dysfunction is actually inherent to the very nature of orgs. The Org diagnoses the root causes of that malfunction, beginning with the economic logic of why organizations exist in the first place, then working its way up through the org’s structure from the lowly cubicle to the CEO’s office. You'll learn: The purpose of meetings and why they will never go away Why even members of al Qaeda are required to submit travel and expense reports What managers are good for How the army and other orgs balance marching in lockstep with fostering innovation Why the hospital administration—not the heart surgeon—is more likely to save your life Why CEOs often spend more than 80 percent of their time in meetings—and why that's exactly where they should be (and why they get paid so much)
Download or read book Hierarchy Theory written by Valerie Ahl and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This basic guide introduces the relationships between observation, perception, and learning that form the substance of hierarchy theory. This theory aims to answer the question of whether there is a basic structure to nature, comprising discreet levels of organization within an overall pattern.
