Download or read book LLDPE Production via Slurry Process Cost Analysis LLDPE E21A written by Intratec and published by Intratec Solutions. This book was released on 2016-05-01 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) production from polymer grade (PG) ethylene and 1-hexene using a slurry process. The process examined is similar to Chevron Phillips process. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 20120282144, issued to Chevron in 2012; (2) US Patent 7629421, issued to Chevron in 2009 Keywords: Ethene, PE, Isobutane, Slurry Reactor, Loop Reactor

Download or read book Polylactic Acid written by Lee Tin Sin and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2019-06-15 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polylactic Acid: A Practical Guide for the Processing, Manufacturing, and Applications of PLA, Second Edition, provides a practical guide for engineers and scientists working in PLA and on the development of emerging new products. The current market situation for PLA and biodegradable polymers is described, along with applications across a range of market sectors. In addition, the mechanical, chemical, thermal, rheology and degradation properties are included. Updates include new chapters covering various processing methods, as well as recycling methods, and additives and processing aids. New applications cover a range of products (including 3D Printing), and an environmental assessment, including regulatory aspects. The book is not only a useful introduction to this topic, but also a practical, readily applicable reference book that will support decision-making in the plastics industry. - Presents an essential reference for engineers, scientists and product designers considering switching to a sustainable plastic - Covers the properties, synthesis and polymerization of PLA, along with processing techniques involved in fabricating parts from this polymer - Includes critical new chapters on processing, additives, recycling and environmental considerations relating to PLA

Download or read book Combustion and Incineration Processes written by Walter R. Niessen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-02-28 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering each aspect of an incineration facility, from contaminant receipt and storage to stack discharge and dispersion, this reference explores the operation and evaluation of incineration systems for hazardous and non-hazardous gaseous, liquid, sludge, and solid wastes. Highlighting breakthroughs in air pollution control, the book discusses advances in materials handling, waste processing, refractory and materials engineering, combustion technology, and energy recovery to reduce and control toxins and pollutants in the environment. It includes a disk containing spreadsheets for practical analyses of waste characteristics and combustion systems.

Download or read book Film Properties of Plastics and Elastomers written by Laurence W. McKeen and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2012-04-25 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preface -- 1. Introduction to Plastics and Polymers -- 2. Chapter 2 - Introduction to the Mechanical, Thermal and Permeation Properties of Plastics and Elastomers -- 3. Production of films -- 4. Markets and Applications for films -- 5. Styrenic Plastics -- 6. Polyesters -- 8. Polyamides (Nylons) -- 9. Polyolefins -- 10. Polyvinyls & Acrylics -- 11. Fluoropolymers -- 12. High Temperature/High Performance Polymers -- 13. Elastomers and rubbers -- 14. Renewable Resource or biodegradable polymers -- Appendices -- Permeation Unit Conversion Factors -- Vapor Transmission rate Conversion factors.

Download or read book Handbook of Textile Fibre Structure written by Stephen Eichhorn and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-10-26 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to their complexity and diversity, understanding the structure of textile fibres is of key importance. This authoritative two-volume collection provides a comprehensive review of the structure of an extensive range of textile fibres.Volume 2 begins by reviewing natural fibres such as cellulosic, cotton, protein, wool and silk fibres. Part two considers regenerated cellulosic, protein, alginate, chitin and chitosan fibres. The final part of the book discusses inorganic fibres such as glass, carbon and ceramic fibres as well as specialist fibres such as thermally and chemically-resistant fibres, optical and hollow fibres. Chapters review how fibre structure contributes to key mechanical properties. A companion volume reviews the structure of manufactured polymer fibres.Edited by leading authorities on the subject and with a team of international authors, the two volumes of the Handbook of textile fibre structure is an essential reference for textile technologists, fibre scientists, textile engineers and those in academia. - Discusses how fibre structure contributes to key mechanical properties - Reviews natural fibres such as cellulosic, cotton and silk fibres and considers various regenerated fibres - Examines inorganic fibres including glass and carbon as well as specialist fibres such as chemically-resistant and optical fibres

Download or read book Handbook of Textile Fibres written by J Gordon Cook and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1984-01-01 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive survey of the natural fibres animal, vegetable and mineral on which we depended for our textiles until comparatively recently.

Download or read book Fibre Structure written by J. W. S. Hearle and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fibre Structure is a 19-chapter text that emerged from lectures presented at the Manchester College of Science and Technology. The interest of fiber studies lies to some extent in the important part textile materials play in general living and in industrial products and operations. The first chapters deal with the chemistry of fiber-forming polymers, followed by considerable chapters on the controversial subject of the fine structure of fibers. The remaining chapters describe the special features of all the important fibers, including glass and asbestos. Textile scientists, researchers, and manufacturers will find this book invaluable.

Download or read book Fluoropolymer Applications in the Chemical Processing Industries written by Sina Ebnesajjad and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2017-10-30 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluoropolymer Applications in Chemical Processing Industries: The Definitive User's Guide and Handbook, Second Edition, contains the most extensive collection of data and information on fluoropolymer applications in chemical processing industries. Because of their superior properties, fluoropolymers have been rapidly replacing metal alloys for corrosion inhibition in chemical processing equipment. This book is a complete compendium of information about fluoropolymer lining materials and structural piping and tubing. Fluoropolymer surfaces preserve purity of processing streams in the chemical processing, plastics, food, pharmaceutical, semiconductor, and pulp and paper industries. Updated to reflect major changes since 2004, this book contains practical, problem-solving tools for professionals in those industries. Equipment manufacturers, plant operators, and product design and manufacturing engineers all will benefit from the in-depth knowledge provided. This new edition includes new fluoropolymer grades and new examples of the fluoropolymer role in preventing corrosion. New fabrication techniques have been added, and additional emphasis has been placed on adhesion and welding techniques. New sections have been added on inspection of new linings, and in-service inspection – including inspection frequency, acceptance criteria, fitness for service evaluation, and reparability. - Includes extensive guidelines for the selection of fluoropolymers for corrosion control - Features a detailed 'how-to' on processes that convert fluoropolymers into shapes and parts - Discusses fabrication techniques to finish the fluoropolymer components before exposure to harsh chemical environments - Includes laboratory techniques to determine the cause of part failure, and a modeling methodology to predict and analyze failure of fluoropolymer parts

Download or read book Modification of Polymer Properties written by Carlos Federico Jasso-Gastinel and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2016-09-14 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modification of Polymer Properties provides, for the first time, in one title, the latest information on gradient IPNs and gradient copolymers. The book covers the broad range of polymer modification routes in a fresh, current view representing a timely addition to the technical literature of this important area. Historically, blends, copolymers, or filled polymers have been developed to meet specific properties, or to optimize the cost/properties relationship. Using the gradient structure approach with conventional radical polymerization, it has been shown that it is possible to optimize properties if appropriate gradients in the composition of copolymer chains are obtained. An overview of the gradient structure approach for designing polymers has not appeared in the recent literature and this title covers the different methods used to modify properties, offering the whole range of ways to modify polymers in just one volume and making this an attractive option for a wide audience of practitioners. The approach for each chapter is to explain the fundamental principles of preparation, cover properties modification, describe future research and applications as examples of materials that may be prepared for specific applications, or that are already in use, in present day applications. The book is for readers that have a basic background in polymer science, as well as those interested in the different ways to combine or modify polymer properties. - Provides an integrated view on how to modify polymer properties - Presents the entire panorama of polymer properties modification in one reference, covering the essential information in each topic - Includes the optimization of properties using gradients in polymers composition or structure

Download or read book Technology and Applications of Polymers Derived from Biomass written by Syed Ali Ashter and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology and Applications of Polymers Derived from Biomass explores the range of different possible routes from biomass to polymeric materials, including the value and limitations of using biomass in material applications and a comparison of petrochemical-derived polymers and bio-based polymers. The book discusses biomass sources, types, chemistry and handling concerns. It covers the manufacture of industrial chemicals from biomass and the derivation of monomers and polymers from biomass. It also details the processing and applications of biomass-derived polymers to enable materials scientists and engineers realize the potential of biomass as a sustainable source of polymers, including plastics and elastomers. The book is a one-stop-shop reference—giving students a basic understanding of the technology and how the material can be applied to industrial processes they will face in the workforce, and giving materials engineers and product designers the information they need to make more informed material selection decisions. - Provides fundamental understanding of an increasingly important approach to sourcing polymeric materials - Includes actionable, relevant information to enable materials engineers and product designers consider biomass-derived polymers in the products they are developing - Discusses the environmental impact of biomass conversion to help readers improve the sustainability of their operations - Compares petrochemical-derived polymers with bio-based polymers

Download or read book Introduction to Bioplastics Engineering written by Syed Ali Ashter and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2016-03-29 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Bioplastics Engineering is a practical, user-friendly reference for plastics engineers working with biopolymers and biodegradable plastics that addresses topics that are required for the successful development of cohesive bioplastic products. While there has been considerable demand for the use of bioplastics in industry, processing these bioplastics is a big challenge. The book provides plastics engineers and researchers with a fundamental, practical understanding of the differences between bioplastics and biodegradable polymers, along with guidance on the different methods used to process bioplastics. The book also covers additives and modifiers for biopolymers and their effect on properties. Examples include commercial applications of bioplastics, current bioplastics being developed, and future trends in the industry. This enables engineers, researchers, technicians, and students to understand the decisive relationship between different processing techniques, morphology, mechanical properties, and the further applications of bio-based polymers. The book presents a true engineering approach for the industry on the processing of biopolymers and biodegradable plastics – discussing the ease of use of the polymer, mechanical and thermal properties, rate of biodegradation in particular environments, and pros and cons of particular bioplastics. - Enables engineers, researchers, technicians, and students to understand the decisive relationship between different processing techniques, morphology, mechanical properties, and the further applications of bio-based polymers. - Covers additives and modifiers for biopolymers and their effect on properties - Includes examples that illustrate the commercial applications of bioplastics, current bioplastics being developed, and future trends in the industry

Download or read book Phthalonitrile Resins and Composites written by Mehdi Derradji and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2018-04-25 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phthalonitrile Resins and Composites: Properties and Applications summarizes the latest research on these polymers, providing information that enables materials scientists and engineers to deploy these polymers in the real world. The book gives details on synthesis and preparation techniques for key phthalonitrile monomers. All curing techniques are discussed, along with blends and copolymers of phthalonitrile with other polymeric materials, such as epoxy, benzoxazine and bismaleimide. Fiber and particle based phthalonitrile micro and nanocomposites are also discussed, along with their potential applications in lightweight automobiles, ships, oil rigs, aircraft, wind blades, high temperature bearings, valves, battery and electronic casings, fire resistant textiles, and more. - Introduces the subject of phthalonitrile polymers and their composites - Provides precise information on the synthesis, preparation and curing techniques for phthalonitrile polymers - Discusses developments in key application areas that are intended to facilitate and stimulate real world applications of these materials

Download or read book Chemical Resistance of Thermosets written by Erwin Baur and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 1118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical Resistance of Commodity Thermoplastics provides a comprehensive, cross-referenced compilation of chemical resistance data that explains the effect of thousands of reagents, the environment and other exposure media on the properties and characteristics of thermosets– plastics which are used in a range of applications. Specifically, the resistance data in this book covers the following materials, allyl, epoxy, unsaturated polyester resin, unsaturated polyurethane resin, vinyl ester resin, furan resin, polyaminobismaleimide, acrylics, polycyanurates and filled/reinforced thermosets. A huge range of exposure media are included, from aircraft fuel, to alcohol, corn syrup, hydrochloric acid and salt to silver acetate. This book is a must-have reference for engineers and scientists designing and working with thermosets in environments where they come into contact with corrosive or reactive substances, from automotive and aerospace, to coatings, adhesives, electrical insulation, fittings and other applications. - Presents comprehensive, comparable and trustworthy chemical resistance data for thousands of exposure media on the properties of thermosets - Includes coverage of ionomers, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, PVC and other polyolefins and polyesters - Provides a must have reference for engineers selecting materials for a range of application areas using thermosets, including aerospace, automotive, chemical process industries, coatings and adhesives

Download or read book Chemical Resistance of Commodity Thermoplastics written by Erwin Baur and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2016-07-22 with total page 1192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical Resistance of Commodity Thermoplastics provides a comprehensive, cross-referenced compilation of chemical resistance data that explains the effect of thousands of reagents, the environment and other exposure media on the properties and characteristics of commodity thermoplastics – plastics which are generally used in higher performance applications. A huge range of exposure media are included, from aircraft fuel to alcohol, corn syrup to hydrochloric acid, and salt to silver acetate. This information has been substantially updated, curated, and organized by the engineers at M-Base Engineering + Software, a leading supplier of material databases, material information systems, product information systems, and material related simulation software. This book is a must-have reference for engineers and scientists designing and working with plastics and elastomers in environments where they come into contact with corrosive or reactive substances, from food, pharmaceuticals, and medical devices, to the automotive, aerospace, and semiconductor industries. - Explains the effect of thousands of reagents, the environment and other exposure media on the properties and characteristics of commodity thermoplastics - Organized by the engineers at M-Base Engineering + Software, a leading supplier of material databases, material information systems, product information systems, and material related simulation software - A must-have reference for engineers and scientists designing and working with plastics and elastomers in environments where they come into contact with corrosive or reactive substances

Download or read book Fatigue and Tribological Properties of Plastics and Elastomers written by Laurence W. McKeen and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2009-11-17 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of a series of core databooks within the William Andrew Plastics Design Library, Fatigue and Tribological Properties of Plastics and Elastomers provides a comprehensive collection of graphical multipoint data and tabular data covering fatigue and tribology.The concept of fatigue is very straightforward: if an object is subjected to a stress or deformation, and it is repeated, the object becomes weaker. This weakening of plastic material is called fatigue. Tribology is the science and technology of surfaces in contact with each other and therefore covers friction, lubrication and wear. The reduction of wear and fatigue and the improvement of lubrication are key bottom-line issues for engineers and scientists involved in the plastics industry and product design with plastics.Fatigue and Tribological Properties of Plastics and Elastomers, Second Edition is an update of all that has changed in the world of plastics since the 1st edition appeared nearly 15 years ago, and has been reorganized from a polymer chemistry point of view. - A hard-working reference tool: part of the daily workflow of engineers and scientists involved in the plastics industry and product design with plastics - The reduction of wear and fatigue and the improvement of lubrication are key bottom-line issues - The data in this book provide engineers with the tools they need to design for low failure rates

Download or read book A Guide to the Manufacture Performance and Potential of Plastics in Agriculture written by Michael Orzolek and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of plastics in agriculture – to increase crop output, improve food quality and improve sustainability – has grown substantially in both quantity and the range of applications. Many of the early researchers that conducted field research in the use of plastics in agriculture have either retired or are deceased. These early pioneers in plasticulture research, the basis of plant production using plastics, were very creative and persistent in discovering uses of plastics in agricultural applications. A Guide to the Manufacture, Performance, and Potential of Plastics in Agriculture contains both references not only to their accomplishments but also their publications. The book discusses plasticulture-the basis of plant production using plastics – including topics such as plastic mulch, row covers, drip irrigation, and high/low tunnels. It covers the process of producing polyethylene and polypropylene plastics that are used in plant and animal production agriculture, and the many uses of plastics in all aspects of agriculture, including plastic greenhouses, rigid mold plastics, disposal of plastics, and plastics in animal production. This book introduces a range of academics and industrial practitioners to the impact of plastics in agriculture, both historically and in a range of current applications. It also provides new perspectives on future developments to enable further research and application. It is an invaluable reference on the use of polyethylene, polypropylene films, and such products in all aspects of agricultural production. - Discusses plasticulture, the basis of plant production using plastics, including topics such as plastic mulch, row covers, drip irrigation, and high/low tunnels - Contains 10 chapters that cover the process of producing polyethylene and polypropylene plastics that are used in agriculture - Covers the many uses of plastics in all aspects of agriculture, including plastic greenhouses, rigid mold plastics, disposal of plastics, and plastics in animal production

Download or read book Permeability Properties of Plastics and Elastomers written by Laurence W. McKeen and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2011-09-08 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Permeability properties are essential data for the selection of materials and design of products across a broad range of market sectors from food packaging to Automotive applications to Medical Devices. This unique handbook brings together a wealth of permeability data in a form that enables quick like-for-like comparisons between materials. The data is supported by a full explanation of its interpretation, and an introduction to the engineering aspects of permeability in polymers. The third edition includes expanded explanatory text which makes the book accessible to novices as well as experienced engineers, written by industry insider and author Larry McKeen (DuPont), and 20% new data and major new explanatory text sections to aid in the interpretation and application of the data. - A unique collection of permeability data designed to enable quick like-for-like comparisons between different materials - Third edition includes 20% new data and expanded explanatory text, which makes the book accessible to novices as well as experienced engineers - Essential reference for materials engineers, design engineers and applications engineers across sectors including packaging, automotive and medical devices